landscape design
TRANSCRIPT
BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
Subject : LANDSCAPE DESIGN
Topic : PLANT SELECTION, PLANT MANAGEMENT, PLANT CRITERIA, PLANT DETAIL AND GARDEN
DESIGN
Faculty:- Ar. Dhruvita Mahida Ar.Nirav khandwala
P L A N T SELECTIO
N
INTRODUCTION P L A N TSELECTION
Plants are the living organisms present on the earth. These are identified by their foliage, profile, color, etc. The anatomy of most plants contain roots, stems, leaves, flowers, etc.
There basic parts are.RootsLeavesStemFlowersFoods
REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANT P L A N TSELECTION
TEMPERATURE Plants grow well only within a limited temperature range.
LIGHT All vegetable plants and many flowers require large amounts of sunlight.
OXYGEN Plants require oxygen for respiration to carry out their functions of water and nutrient uptake. In soil adequate oxygen is usually available.
WATER Different req. in different seasons like, During the hot summer months a large tomato plant may use one- half gallon of water per day. But in winter it will use less.
WHY LANDSCAPE? P L A N TSELECTION
As a Sound Barrier
PLANTS CAN ACT AS SCUPTURE WHEN PLACED AGAINST A BLANK WALL
Aesthetics – Looks
POLLUTION CONTROL: EMBANKMENTS, DECIDUOUS AND EVERGREEN PLANTINGS, AND MASONRY WALLS
ARE USED TOGETHER.
Pollution Cnotrol
USE OF WIND BREAKS TO CONTROL WINTER WINDS.
Trees can stop or defuse unnecessary light
Diffuse Light
Wind block
TREES CONTROLS SOLAR
RADIATION
Climate control
Basic Analysis P L A N TSELECTION
Measure – Determine scale Existing Plants Orientation – Sunlight Path Water Slope Uses
Public Area – street front Outdoor Living Area Service Area
Site Analysis
Attraction for birds or Butterflies or Wildlife? Fragrance Privacy Meditation and tranquility?
FUNCTION
PRINCIPLE OF DESIGN P L A N TSELECTION
Balance
Symmetrical
Asymmetrical
Out of Balance
ProportionNow they are
too small to fill the spaceSoon they will be too bigPoor plant selection
UNITY
Trees are nicely sized and placed
CORNER PLANTING Always in a
landscape No more than 3 or 4 speciesTall in back Short in frontUse odd number of plants LINE
PLANTINGS Creates walls of outdoor rooms.Need variety in size & shape.Often used along property boundaries.
Foundation PlantingsTaller plants near
cornersShorter plants under windows
TYPES OF PLANT P L A N TSELECTION
GRASS HERBS SHRUBS
CLIMBING PLANTS CREEPING PLANTS
TYPES OF PLANT P L A N TSELECTION
Grass With their variety of shapes, colors, and sizes, grasses are perfect for container gardens.
Add Texture to Beds and BordersOrnamental grasses add unique texture to the landscape. Soft, mounding grasses such as fountaingrass look great with plants that have a bolder texture, for example.
Soften HardscapingWhether it's walls, paving, or other hardscapes, ornamental grasses can soften their look and keep them from feeling cold and uninviting.
Attract WildlifeGrasses can be great for attracting wildlife, especially birds. They'll use the leaf blades for making nests, find shelter in larger grasses, and many species will eat the grass seeds.
Create EdgingEdge your beds and borders with a tidy line of neat grasses. Small selections, such as the blue fescue shown here, are best for this.
TYPES OF PLANT (Shrubs) P L A N TSELECTION
Native INDIA BRILLIANT (Gardenia jasminoides)
Appearance – This is really a very nice and beautiful shrub. Sometimes it is
like a small Shrub
The cracking bark of the 'Brilliant Gardenia' is paler and greenish- grey in colour. The leaves are of a bright, clear green colour, gives them a polished look. Though the single yellow flowers of this shrub are a little smaller, they bear equally strong perfume.
The fruit of the 'Brilliant Gardenia' is woody. It is a soft, 2.5 cm across ball.
Texture• It exudes gum from the buds. Leaves have very short stalks. They are oblong or oval or obovate, obtuse
• Silky and later on rough Height
• Brilliant Gardenia is a small, unarmed tree, up to 3 m tall.
Uses Good aesthetic view . Used in passages for better circulation. People can exude a clear and aromatic gum from the tips of young shoots and buds.
Flowering Seasons• March-April.
Form• It is lighter in the form and colour than the garden 'Gardenia'.
Spread• spread is of 4 to 5 m
TYPES OF PLANT (Shrubs) P L A N T
SELECTION
Native : - India GOLDEN CHAMPAK (Magnolia champaca) Uses
The wood is quite hard and has an attractive grain of red-brown colour. However, as it has a tendency to warp, people do not use it widely.
Appearance :- The bright yellow coloured and fragrant flowers appear during the
time when the leaves are new. The maroon coloured fruit of the 'Golden Champak' develops when
the petals fall down. The stems are dark brown. The flowers of this shrub appear in
clusters. The clusters remain on some stems that are about 2.5 cm in length. The fruits of the shrub are about 5 cm in length. In the beginning,
they are green in colour. When they become matured, they turn to maroon and black. The fruits normally develop singly or sometimes in clusters where they remain up to ten in number,
The leaves are generally long and pointed with some wavy and finely notched edges.
Form• It is a fragile plant that bears soft, circular, green colored
stems.Height
• The height of the plan goes upto 2 to 3 m Spread
• It has a spread of about 1.5m to 2m Flowering Seasons
• This is a non-woody climbing plant that dyes down during the summer. The fleshy underground stem or root of the plant remains inactive until the following Rainy season.
TYPES OF PLANT (Shrubs) P L A N T
SELECTION
Native : - India GOLDEN SHOWER (Oncidium)
Uses It has the exceptional ability to remain effective all through the year. It frames along a garden fence, up a Palm or over an old tree stump.
Appearance :-Some other names in English are: the 'Orange Bignonia', 'Flame
Vine' and 'Flaming Trumpet'.
It contains a large number of beautiful and attractive flowers. The stems of the ' Golden Shower' are strong, angled and green in color.
The leaves of this plant are bright and of dark green color. They are shiny at the top and rather hairy beneath. The flowers usually appear in some dense, floppy clusters. They do not have any perfume and they have a very short flowering season. The ' Golden Shower' is an admirable ornament for any garden. Probably, it is the most outstanding and elegant climbing plant
in the world.
Form• The plant is densely evergreen and it never becomes messy or
untidy.Height
• it is a medium-sized tree growing to 10-20 m tall with fast growthSpread
• This is an extensively climbing plant. The 'Golden Shower' can thrive well in any good, tough soil
Flowering Seasons• During the month of February, you can see the bunches of these
flowers even at the highest part of the tall trees.• Flowers appearing period are between the months of February and
April.
TYPES OF PLANT (Shrubs) P L A N T
SELECTION
Native : - India IXORA (Ixora coccinea) Uses
The flowers are very suitable for indoor decoration, as they remain fresh for a long time after plucking.
Appearance :- There are a lot of species of this very Shrub differing with each other in
colors and sizes .The Shrub normally grows with some rough and grey colored branches. They also bear some glossy stems that are of dark red color. The leaves are silky and they appear in pairs. In some special occasions,
they appear in trees as well. They are dark and shining.Each of the flowers of the ' Ixora Shrub' is a long and slender tube. The
They are sometimes huge, round shaped full trusses and some other times, they are merely a group of a dozen or so. You will find all the shades and colors in this Shrub except the blues and purples.
The fruit of the 'Ixora Shrub' is usually black and similar to the size of cherry.
.Height
• This Shrub is one of the smaller varieties of its family and can reach a mere height of above 150 cm.
Flowering Seasons• The Shrub flowers blooms all through the year but during the Rainy
season, it stays in its fullest bloom. .
TYPES OF PLANT (Shrubs) P L A N T
SELECTION
Native : - India LANTANA SHRUB (Lantana camara) Uses
These flowers can easily make a gorgeous table decoration and people can obtain them when no other flowers are available.
Appearance :- The ' Lantana Shrub' resembles a variety of ' C. Camara'.The Shrub contains a strong smell of black currants. The smell is more
evident when you touch the plant or trouble it. The branches are square in shape and pale green in colour. Sometimes
they are hairy and sometimes they are armed with curvy spikes. The leaves of the 'Lantana Shrub' are also hairy. However, in this case
the hairs remain hidden.The leaves usually grow in pairs and their colour is bright clear green.
Each of the pairs remains almost crosswise to the next. They are oval in shape and have the ability to reach about 7.5 cm. Length.
Form
• It is a tedious and pointed shrub.Height
• Its height is around 12" - 6'Spread
• The Shrub has an amazing speed of spreading and it can also grow very rapidly. For this very reason, it has become a serious danger and it costs India many rupees in damage.
Flowering Seasons• The Shrub bears flowers all through the year.
TYPES OF PLANT (Shrubs) P L A N TSELECTION
Native - America ALLEMANDE (Allamanda cathartica)
Appearance – The shrub is of deep green colour The flowers of the shrub are waxy and yellow in colour.
They are a very attractive and although it is generally considered to be without scent, you can detect a faint but rich smell of spices in some special occasions.
The whole flower is about 8.8 cm in diameter.
Foliage• It has shining and woody, evergreen foliage.
Texture• Silky and later on rough
Height• Reaches a free-standing height of 2 meters or more annually• It can climb to a considerable height under suitable
conditions. Flowering Seasons
• The ' Allemande' is capable of producing flowers all through the year though there is a period when the flowers are small, imperfect and remain few in number.
UsesOwing to its fast
growth, Allamanda has been introduced widely where it is used as a groundcover or for hedges and screens.
They may be seen in roadside ditch, abandoned yards and dumps.
TYPES OF PLANT (Shrubs) P L A N T
SELECTION
Native : - tropical and southern Africa to Asia GLORY LILY (Gloriosa superba)
Appearance –If you walkthrough countryside, you will easily notice the flaming
colours of the 'Glory Lily' and see the plant twists among the bushes. The leaves of the plant are bright and silky. They are variable in their
length and breadthThe flowers change their colour when they open and present some
lovely variations of yellow, orange and pink colour. The flowers of the 'Glory Lily' are like ovals in shape
The fleshy tube of the ' Glory Lily' can become poisonous sometimes.
Uses
Best grown in a container in a position that this wonderful plant can be easily seen
Foliage•It has a green and cup shaped foliage
Form• It is a fragile plant that bears soft, circular, green colored
stems.Height
• The height of the plan goes upto 2 to 3 m Spread
• It has a spread of about 1.5m to 2m Flowering Seasons
• This is a non-woody climbing plant that dyes down during the summer. The fleshy underground stem or root of the plant remains inactive until the following Rainy season.
TYPES OF PLANT (Shrubs) P L A N T
SELECTION
Native : - India MOON BEAM (Coreopsis verticillata)
Uses It is mainly used in public gardens for dividing areas and around the pathways
Form• It is a tedious and pointed shrub.
Height• Its height is around 12" - 6'
Spread• The Shrub has an amazing speed of spreading and it can also
grow very rapidly. For this very reason, it has become a serious danger and it costs India many rupees in damage.
Flowering Seasons• The Shrub bears flowers all through the year.
Appearance :- If you look at this tree on a moonlit night, you will understand very
easily why the shrub is called as 'Chandnee' or 'Moonbeam'. The main reason is that the growing whiteness of the flowers stands out against the dark and shining leaves.
The shrub bears some scattered clumps of stunning, white flowers, The flowers remain in greater numbers on those bushes that get plenty of sunlight.
The branches and twigs of the shrub are ashy and wrinkled The young leaves of the "Moonbeam' are of a rich, glossy green colour. They can grow up to
10 cm in length. They are pointed and shaped like ovals. The delicate fragrance of the flowers of the 'Moonbeam' increases towards evening and if the sprays are cut, it makes a pleasant table decoration.
TYPES OF PLANT (Shrubs) P L A N TSELECTION
GARDENIA (Gardenia jasminoides)
Form• Dense, evergreen shrub when you keep it in shape.
Height•G. ‘Radicans' is a low-growing groundcover which reaches
15-45 cm (6-18 in) Spread
•spreads up to a meter wide Flowering Seasons
• Flowers bloom majorly in winter.
Native : - tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, etc.
The flowers finish their appearance only in the winter. The crowded leaves of the 'Gardenia' grow in opposite pairs and
twists. They are of a rich, pale green colour at the young age and they change to a deep, dark colour by the course of time. They are usually long and slender and they get thinner to a very short stalk.
If cultivated, the 'Gardenia' usually bears double flowers that are up to 7.5 cm. across, they are also showy and have a very wonderful perfume. Just before the blooms fall, unluckily the pure white of the fresh flowers changes to dull ochre.
The fruit is a corrugated, orange coloured berry.
Appearance – Gardenia Oil to treat infections, especially bladder infections; abscesses; jaundice; and blood in the urine, sputum, or stool.Candles are a popular use for Gardenia Essential Oil for its wonderful fragrance.
Uses
TULSI (Ocimum tenuiflorum)
TYPES OF PLANT P L A N TSELECTIO
N Native : - INDIA
Appearance – Tulsa is heavy branched having all over hair.it attains the
height of about 75 -90cm. It has round oval shaped leaves up to 5 cm long. the leaves
are 2-3cm in length. Its seeds are flat. Its flowers are purple cream in colour. A leaf
of tulsi contains essential oil. Tulsi seeds are germinate easily. The seeds mainly sown in the
spring season.
Uses
it is mainly used in the court of the houses or in the Pooja room of the residence.
Climate & condition• It is mainly grown in the temperate climate• Tulsi prefers rich soil for its growth.height• It is an erect, many-branched subshrub, 30–60 cm (12–
24 in) tall with hairy stems and simple phyllotaxic green or purple leaves that are strongly scented.
Ayurveda• Tulsi has been used for thousands of years in Ayurveda for its
diverse healing properties
TYPES OF PLANT (CREEPER) P L A N TSELECTION
Native : - Central Mexico CORAL CREEPER (Antigonon leptopus)Appearance –
The flower is like a deep cup when it is fully open. The leaves of the 'Coral Creeper' are like hearts in shape or
sometimes they are triangular. They are pointed and usually up to 7.5 cm in length.
The surface of the leaves is wrinkled and the edges are a little wavy. They are bright green in colour and paler beneath.
The fruit of the plant is a small nut that is sheathed by five heart- shaped leaves.
Texture• ovate, heart-shaped and undulate, soft, pronounced veins on underside• dark seed incased in papery, straw-colored sheath Height• It is a fast growing, evergreen vine, climbing with tendrils that will reach 40 feet (13 meters)
Uses
People use them as a hardy perennial that is very suitable for covering fences, wall or pergolas. This is an asset to any garden.
Flowering Seasons• The leaves of the plant fall down in the month of February and for the next few months it appears in a very messy manner unless you trim and tied it up.
Form• twining vine, clings and climbs with curled tendrils .
TYPES OF PLANT (Trees) P L A N TSELECTION
Native : - India ASOPALAV (Polyalthia longifolia)
Appearance – Smooth, dark brown bark, a straight stem, and short, slender branches spreading more or less at right angles from the stem and in a whorled fashion. The leaves are translucent when young and occur in great profusion.The delicate yellowish green flowers have six spreading, pointed petal and are hidden in the dense masses of leaves along the branches.
Foliage
•Glossy green drooping lea lance-shaped, long, and tapering with wavy margins.
Form •Symmetrical pyramidal growth and long narrow leaves with undulate margins.
Height •Grow over 30 ft in height.
Flowering Seasons •2-3 weeks in March/April & July/August .
Uses
•It is a lofty evergreen tree, commonly planted due to its effectiveness in alleviating noise pollution.•In India, the spreading form of this tree is cultivated in all the hot areas. .
Chinar (Platanus orientalis)
native – Western Himalayan range, particularly in the Kashmir Valley .Appearance/ Peculiarities
• The bark is light grey or greenish, exfoliating in large, thin flakes exposing patches of light yellow new bark. The large leaves are distinctive, broadly heart-shaped with five or seven deeply cut triangular, pointed, coarsely toothed lobes, and long Leaf - stalk.
Foliage • The Flowers appear in green, spherical, unisexual clusters hanging from long stalks.
Texture • Coarse textured
Form• Open headed
Height • The tree attains great heights, up to 30 m and girth up 12m
Spread• Largest circumference of 60 feet
Flowering Seasons • The leave fall in October – November and is a great
sight during Autumn when its leaves turns golden yellow or shades of red. During April—May the tree sprouts new leaves and flowers.
• The fruits in large globular clusters ripen in June - July and remain on the tree for a long time.
P L A N TSELECTION
TYPES OF PLANT (Trees)
TYPES OF PLANT (Trees) P L A N T
SELECTION
Native : - India GULMOHAR (Delonix regia)
Appearance –•The slender trunk is covered by greyish brown bark. •The spreading branches bear bright green feathery leaves.•Ten red stamens project beyond the petals. The long flat pods are green at first but soon turn brown and hang from the branches for a long time.
Transplantation •Propagated from seeds as well as cuttings, it is a fast-growing tree but gets damaged easily by high winds.
Height •This deciduous tree gains a height of 12 to 15 m.
Spread•Its elegant wide-spreading umbrella-like canopy can be wider than its height.
Flowering Seasons •Just before the hot season the foliage falls and the branches become almost bare. •The deep orange to scarlet flowers first appear in April and continue along with the fresh new foliage till the first showers monsoon.
UsesWidely cultivated as a street tree and also in residential areas..
TYPES OF PLANT (Trees) P L A N T
SELECTION
Native : - West Indians ROYAL PALM TREE (Roystonea regia)Appearance
•It is a tall stately tree with thick base that swells in the middle and gradually tapers near the top to a narrower green part formed by the leaf sheaths. •This shape accounts for its popular name "Bottle Palm". Older, mature trees are more or less regular in width. •The light grey, smooth trunk has horizontal ring-marks at regular intervals. The fruit is an elongated berry, violet when ripe.
Foliage •The large, gracefully curving leaves are divided into narrow leaflets which arise closely from both sides of the midrib.Height
•SpreadFlowering Seasons
•The small straw-coloured and female flowers appear in the hot summer months, the dropping clusters emerging at the top of the grey stem below the shiny green leaf-sheaths.
UsesThis palm has become very popular in India, particularly as an avenue tree and also in parks and gardens. Several Royal Palms were planted along the seafront at Marine Drive in Mumbai, but the effect of the strong winds altered their shape and today the survivors look less royal and like trees in distress. ..
sonmohar native – Andaman, Malaysia, Srilanka & Northern Australia.Appearance/ Peculiarities
• It is a tall tree with smooth grey bark and spreading crown of deep green, bipinnate leaves, and it flowers for months together, making a fine avenue tree.
Foliage• The flower has a copper-coloured calyx and crinkled yellow petals with
rusty bases.Texture
• Medium Textured Form
• Open Headed
Flowering Seasons • The flowering period varies from tree to tree. • Five-petalled fragrant yellow flowers cover the crown during April—July and
again in September-November. • They fall to the ground when still fresh. • The large shield-shaped copperpods increase in profusion during
December-January, when most of leaves fall. The shields remain on the tree for over a year, turning black by the time they fall.
Uses • Widely cultivated as a street tree and also in residential areas.
Transplantation • The tree grows easily from seeds.
P L A N TSELECTION
TYPES OF PLANT (Trees)
canon - Ball tree native – South America Appearance
• It is a slow-growing tree but has a long life.• The tall, straight trunk has rough brownish grey Bark. • The brown, hard-shelled spherical fruits look like cannon-balls hang from the stalks.• The ripe fruits contain cream coloured stinking pulp that soon turns green; small
brown seeds are embedded in the pulp.Foliage
• The large, pointed leaves are borne near the ends of the spreading short horizontal branches.
• From the lower part of trunk grows flowers on leafless, twisted, hanging stalks. Each has six concave fleshy petals, which have a pleasing mixture of pink, yellow, and white outside and deep pink or crimson within.
Texture : Fine TextureForm : SpreadingHeight : Over 40 ft. (12 m)
Flowering Seasons • The tree usually sheds its leaves several times a year, new leaves start
growing on the branches within a few days .Uses
• The tree is planted in gardens and by the roadside in many Indian towns and cities.
• According to Benthall, in the climate of Bengal the flowers are not borne in much profusion, nor do the fruits attain their maximum size.
Transplantation • This tree grows from seeds.
TYPES OF PLANT (Shrubs) P L A N TSELECTION
GARDEN DESIGN
A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display, cultivation, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. The garden can incorporate both natural and man-made materials. Gardens include- Residential garden, Zoological garden, Botanical garden, Zen Garden, Xeriscape Garden etc.
Garden design is the art and process of designing and creating plans for layout and planting of gardens and landscapes.
The history of ornamental gardening may be considered as aesthetic expressions of beauty through art and nature, a display of taste or style in civilized life, an expression of an individual's or culture's philosophy, and sometimes as a display of private status or national pride—in private and public Landscapes.The earliest gardens were grown for practical reasons. People grew herbs or vegetables. However when man became civilized an upper class emerged with the leisure to enjoy purely decorative gardens. They also had servants (or slaves) to do the gardening for them. After the emergence of the first civilizations, wealthy individuals began to create gardens for purely aesthetic purposes.
GARDENDESIGNINTRODUCTION
GARDEN
DESIGNPRINCIPLE OF DESIGN
Order can be defined as the overall organization and structure of the design; i.e. the skeleton of the design. Without order, a design becomes fragmented into unrelated parts that results in a disjointed, uncoordinated appearance. The design should create a theme which carries on throughout the composition. Garden styles are often used to create order throughout a design.
ORDER
There are far too many materials used in such a small space. Try to use a maximum of 3 hardscape materials in your design.
Example of disorder.
UNITY Unity can be defined as the harmonious relationship among all elements and characteristics of a design. In addition to the overall design, unity can be spoken of in terms of form, material, color and texture. Unity is a visual quality that may not always be consciously perceived, but is always sensed. The easiest way to establish unity is to limit
the complexity and number to one. Most compositions require the use of more than one element. • Duality and
competition of two Combinations of two similar elements
tend to destroy unity because competition between the two is established.
Your eye can become unsettled because your attention is taken from one element to another without settling on either. It’s a little
like watching a tennis match
• Unity of three Three elements of the same type balance and equalize one another. The eye does not settle on one element but relates to the cluster as a whole. That is why plant groupings are usually in threes or other odd numbers. This avoids the competition of two
GARDEN
DESIGNPRINCIPLE OF DESIGN TWO TYPES OF UNITY
Maintain unity with shape and texture, create interest by varying size. Another way to provide unity is to simplify the diversity or differences among the elements. Too much similarity can be boring. Variety can be created by altering some, but not all of the potential variables. In this example the color of the units has stayed the same, but interest has been added by changing their sizes.
Same size Different size
The pavers all have spring flowering plants planted between them. So over time the picture changes dramatically. #Figure 2 Same garden in spring
#Figure 1 #Figure 2
TIME LAPS
DOMINANCE
Very similar to the unity of one. Due to the dominant element’s size, shape, tone, texture or location, all other elements are subordinate to it.The eye is continually drawn back to the dominant element. This dominant element is usually known as the focal point.
Unity with diversity same size and shape, interest created by varying tone and texture.
DIVERSITY
GARDEN
DESIGNPRINCIPLE OF DESIGN BALANCE
Balance can be achieved through symmetry – repeating the same feature on either side of a dividing line. This is used in formal gardens.
Balancing volumes or shapes on opposing sides of the garden (but with less attention to the strict centre line of a space). This is used in informal gardens.
SCALE AND PROPORTION It is important to keep the
features in the garden to a human scale and in proportion to each other. Paths need to be wide enough and spaces large enough for people to move about freely.
OTHER PRINCIPLES
THE GARDEN SHOULD LOOK LIKE IT ‘BELONGS’ WITH THE HOUSE AND THE WIDER ENVIRONMENT. IT SHOULD BE AN ENJOYABLE SPACE TO BE IN – WHETHER DESIGNED FOR EXCITEMENT OR CALM CONTEMPLATION. IT SHOULD LOOK AS THOUGH EACH ELEMENT WAS ‘MEANT’ TO BE WHERE IT IS. THE SIMPLER THE DESIGN THE MORE EFFECTIVE IT IS LIKELY TO BE.
VISTAThis is also known as "framing the view" where you deliberately plant or construct something to lead the eye where you want it to go.
FORMAL LANDSCAPING
Formal landscaping is best described as structured, orderly, perfect or clean. Hedges are often used in formal landscaping. Some hedges are straight, some have curves, but they tend to have a great sense of symmetry and balance. Formal gardening attempts to fight with nature to make it stay growing and stay perfect.
GARDENDESIGNTYPES OF GARDEN
This image of a Formal
Landscape Example is a
Garden Design that fits a formal
colonial home- the hedges are
equally spaced on both sides of the
walk. The planting design is
symmetrical and both sides of the
walk match.
MUGHAL GARDEN AT TAJ MEHAL , AGRA
FORMAL GARDEN AT RASHTRAPATI BHAWAN,
GARDENDESIGNTYPES OF GARDEN
INFORMAL LANDSCAPINGInformal landscaping is more relaxed than formal landscaping. If hedges are used at all, they are not sheared flat, but instead they are left fluffy and soft.Informal landscaping is more in-step with nature, it looks more natural. Informal Landscaping include the organic form.
GARDENDESIGNTYPES OF GARDEN
GARDEN
DESIGNTYPES OF GARDEN
Formal Garden Informal garden
Follows a strict symmetryNot necessarily symmetrical
at all – though balance is still important
Strong shapes in planting and formal features –
topiary and monumental sculpture
Planting is loose and features are quirky or
casual.
Often public or semi-public spaces
Private and personal spaces.
Structure of design is clear and apparent e.g. knot
gardens.
It may not, at first glance, look deliberately ‘designed’
at all.
Formal garden features Informal garden features
Representational statutes; dressed stone
walls, clean lines
Abstract statutes or use of feature stones etc, rustic fences or
archesBox (Buxus
sempervirens) or other clipped hedges
Wild or native hedging (Cratageus monogyna)
Straight stone lined water features, formal
fountainsWildlife ponds or
streams
FORMAL GARDEN
INFORMAL GARDEN
BOTANICAL GARDEN
ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN
XERISCAPE GARDEN
ZEN GARDEN
DESIGNTYPES OF GARDEN GARDEN
PUZZEL GARDEN
MUGHAL GARDEN GARDEN CONCEPT
GARDEN
DESIGNTYPES OF GARDEN ROOF GARDEN Select highly puncture
resistant membrane Provide positive drainage at membrane level. Ensure proper system protection Incorporate drainage , layer/root barrier Utilize Moisture Retention Mat (where applicable)• Decorative benefit
• Roof plantings may provide food
• Temperature control
• Architectural enhancement
• Habitats or corridors for wildlife
• Recreational opportunities
VERTICAL GARDEN
New concept of gardeningDeveloped in SwitzerlandVertical garden- any kind of construction and support structure for growing plants in an upwards-directed, vertical way
Use of space - sacks, bags, flowerpots and all kinds of available receptacles bins, cans, tins, bottles, tanks or boxes and even the unused places like on the roof of houses, balconies, on the top of walls or just hung up
Proper plant selection is one the most important "secrets" in successful landscaping. They're also elements that can be used with purpose such as screening, shade, erosion control, dividing, focal points, noise control, etc. So choosing the right plants for the right place and purpose is helpful for professional looking, working, and manageable landscaping.Primary considerations for selecting landscape plants
• Height and Width are figured by the mature size a plant will reach in both upward and outward directions. Not calculating this can cause serious problems in the future.
• Form is the shape of the plant and how it will occupy and accent space. Form and shape are considered as columnar, round, vase, weeping, oval, creeping, etc.
• Texture is the fineness or roughness of plants. It can also be categorized in terms of leaf thickness and shade(light or dark) of plants. As a rule, plants with finer textures should be used in greater numbers than plants with coarse textures.
• Seasonal interest and colour are figured by the special features a plant has at different times of the year. Foliage, fruit, flowers, Winter colour, changing colours, etc.
Secondary considerations for selecting landscaping plants
• Insect and disease resistance• Sun or Shade• Moisture tolerance• Drought Resistance• Soil Type
Plant selection for best design and effect.
• A few well-selected plant varieties can have more impact and appeal than a mix match selection
• Planting in groups of 3's, 5's, 7's, etc. also gives a sense of intentional design, balance, and unity.
• Use plants that bloom at different times to keep a splash of colour in the garden all year.
• Use plants that are evergreen and semi-evergreen in equally spaced settings for added winter colour and unity.
• Give consideration to plant height.
• Native plant selection is also something that you should be considered.
conclusion
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MITESH MANCHADDA (41)SOHAM NARIEYELWALA (46)KUSH PATEL (54)SARTHAK PATEL (59)FAIZ SHAIKH (66)SALMAN SHAIKH (67)SONU JANGID (70)ANMOL SOPARIWALA (71)SUJAL MISTRY (73)AKSHEN VYAS (80)YATHARTH THAKKAR (82)