Landscape EvolutionLandscape EvolutionLandscape EvolutionLandscape Evolution

GPH 111GPH 111

What is landscape What is landscape evolution?evolution?

What is landscape What is landscape evolution?evolution?

The overall topographic alteration of continental surfaces The overall topographic alteration of continental surfaces from their tectonic construction to their weathering, from their tectonic construction to their weathering, hillslope, fluvial, and other process driven erosion.hillslope, fluvial, and other process driven erosion.

The overall topographic alteration of continental surfaces The overall topographic alteration of continental surfaces from their tectonic construction to their weathering, from their tectonic construction to their weathering, hillslope, fluvial, and other process driven erosion.hillslope, fluvial, and other process driven erosion.

Landscape Evolution is Landscape Evolution is GeomorphologyGeomorphology

Landscape Evolution is Landscape Evolution is GeomorphologyGeomorphology

How do How do WeatheringWeathering, , Hillslope ProcessesHillslope Processes, , and and Fluvial SystemsFluvial Systemsinteract to generate interact to generate

Landscape Landscape Evolution?Evolution?

How do How do WeatheringWeathering, , Hillslope ProcessesHillslope Processes, , and and Fluvial SystemsFluvial Systemsinteract to generate interact to generate

Landscape Landscape Evolution?Evolution?

What would a What would a landscape look like if landscape look like if WEATHERING rates WEATHERING rates

were were greatergreater than the than the rate of HILLSLOPE rate of HILLSLOPE

transport?transport?

What would a What would a landscape look like if landscape look like if WEATHERING rates WEATHERING rates

were were greatergreater than the than the rate of HILLSLOPE rate of HILLSLOPE

transport?transport?Discuss with your groups*

*consider arid locations

A A TransportTransport Limited Landscape? Limited Landscape?A A TransportTransport Limited Landscape? Limited Landscape?

Landscape Change Depends on the Rate of HILLSLOPE TRANSPORT! Like a supermarket with too

many goods (spilling over) with not enough customers

What would a What would a landscape look like if landscape look like if WEATHERING rates WEATHERING rates were were less less than the than the rate of HILLSLOPE rate of HILLSLOPE

transport?transport?

What would a What would a landscape look like if landscape look like if WEATHERING rates WEATHERING rates were were less less than the than the rate of HILLSLOPE rate of HILLSLOPE

transport?transport?Discuss with your groups*

*consider arid locations

A A WeatheringWeathering Limited Limited Landscape?Landscape?

A A WeatheringWeathering Limited Limited Landscape?Landscape?

Landscape Change Depends on the Rate of WEATHERING!Any particles generated through weathering are easily transported to fluvial systems.

Like a supermarket dependent on the arrival of goods with plenty of customers

What would a What would a landscape look like if landscape look like if HILLSLOPE transport HILLSLOPE transport

was was lessless than the than the rate of FLUVIAL rate of FLUVIAL

transport?transport?

What would a What would a landscape look like if landscape look like if HILLSLOPE transport HILLSLOPE transport

was was lessless than the than the rate of FLUVIAL rate of FLUVIAL

transport?transport?Discuss with your groups*

*consider arid locations

Generates a planed Generates a planed bedrock surface around the bedrock surface around the mountain front covered by mountain front covered by a thin veneer of alluvium. a thin veneer of alluvium.

Generates a planed Generates a planed bedrock surface around the bedrock surface around the mountain front covered by mountain front covered by a thin veneer of alluvium. a thin veneer of alluvium.

Pediments!!!Pediments!!!Pediments!!!Pediments!!!

Fluvial systems Fluvial systems rapidly move rapidly move

hillslope sediment hillslope sediment down system.down system.

Generates a planed Generates a planed bedrock surface around the bedrock surface around the mountain front covered by mountain front covered by a thin veneer of alluvium. a thin veneer of alluvium.

Generates a planed Generates a planed bedrock surface around the bedrock surface around the mountain front covered by mountain front covered by a thin veneer of alluvium. a thin veneer of alluvium.

Pediments!!!Pediments!!!Pediments!!!Pediments!!!

Fluvial systems Fluvial systems rapidly move rapidly move

hillslope sediment hillslope sediment down system.down system.

What would a What would a landscape look like if landscape look like if HILLSLOPE transport HILLSLOPE transport

was was greatergreater than the than the rate of FLUVIAL rate of FLUVIAL

transport?transport?

What would a What would a landscape look like if landscape look like if HILLSLOPE transport HILLSLOPE transport

was was greatergreater than the than the rate of FLUVIAL rate of FLUVIAL

transport?transport?Discuss with your groups*

*consider arid locations

Zones of hillslope Zones of hillslope deposits build a deposits build a broad apron around broad apron around the base of mountain the base of mountain fronts. fronts.

Struggling fluvial Struggling fluvial systems utilize a systems utilize a secondary period of secondary period of weathering to break weathering to break down course down course sediment before sediment before further transport.further transport.

Zones of hillslope Zones of hillslope deposits build a deposits build a broad apron around broad apron around the base of mountain the base of mountain fronts. fronts.

Struggling fluvial Struggling fluvial systems utilize a systems utilize a secondary period of secondary period of weathering to break weathering to break down course down course sediment before sediment before further transport.further transport.

Alluvial Alluvial Fans!!!Fans!!!Alluvial Alluvial Fans!!!Fans!!!

Alluvial Alluvial Fans!!!Fans!!!Alluvial Alluvial Fans!!!Fans!!!

Now, let’s take a look Now, let’s take a look at our generalized at our generalized landscape model.landscape model.

Now, let’s take a look Now, let’s take a look at our generalized at our generalized landscape model.landscape model.

What is necessary for this landscape What is necessary for this landscape to be in to be in equilibriumequilibrium, where mountain , where mountain

elevation maintained overtime?elevation maintained overtime?

What is necessary for this landscape What is necessary for this landscape to be in to be in equilibriumequilibrium, where mountain , where mountain

elevation maintained overtime?elevation maintained overtime?

The mountains of New Zealand are an The mountains of New Zealand are an example, they have been at roughly example, they have been at roughly

the same elevation for 10 Ma.the same elevation for 10 Ma.

The mountains of New Zealand are an The mountains of New Zealand are an example, they have been at roughly example, they have been at roughly

the same elevation for 10 Ma.the same elevation for 10 Ma.

What could cause hillslope transport What could cause hillslope transport to accelerate rapidly? to accelerate rapidly?

What could cause hillslope transport What could cause hillslope transport to accelerate rapidly? to accelerate rapidly?

What could cause hillslope What could cause hillslope transport to accelerate transport to accelerate

rapidly?rapidly?

What could cause hillslope What could cause hillslope transport to accelerate transport to accelerate

rapidly?rapidly?

A large earthquake generated these landslides in Alaska

How might the landscape respond?

How would the geomorphic system How would the geomorphic system respond if weathering rapidly respond if weathering rapidly

decreased?decreased?

What could cause this? What could cause this?

How would the geomorphic system How would the geomorphic system respond if weathering rapidly respond if weathering rapidly

decreased?decreased?

What could cause this? What could cause this?

How would the geomorphic system How would the geomorphic system respond if weathering rapidly respond if weathering rapidly

decreased?decreased?

What could cause this? What could cause this?

How would the geomorphic system How would the geomorphic system respond if weathering rapidly respond if weathering rapidly

decreased?decreased?

What could cause this? What could cause this?

What might have occurred if What might have occurred if deposition off the continent deposition off the continent

increased rapidly? increased rapidly?

What might have occurred if What might have occurred if deposition off the continent deposition off the continent

increased rapidly? increased rapidly?

What might have occurred if What might have occurred if deposition off the continent deposition off the continent

increased rapidly?increased rapidly?

What might have occurred if What might have occurred if deposition off the continent deposition off the continent

increased rapidly?increased rapidly?

What might the significance be if What might the significance be if one side of the mountain one side of the mountain

weathered more quickly than weathered more quickly than another? another?

Would this be common?Would this be common?

What might the significance be if What might the significance be if one side of the mountain one side of the mountain

weathered more quickly than weathered more quickly than another? another?

Would this be common?Would this be common?

Drainage divides retreat, and Drainage divides retreat, and therefore mountain ranges therefore mountain ranges

persist while individual peaks are persist while individual peaks are short lived.short lived.

Drainage divides retreat, and Drainage divides retreat, and therefore mountain ranges therefore mountain ranges

persist while individual peaks are persist while individual peaks are short lived.short lived.

Let’s go on a road trip to Race Track Playa…

Let’s go on a road trip to Race Track Playa…

Race Track Playa DEM…Race Track Playa DEM…

Race Track Playa…Race Track Playa…

Race Track Playa…Race Track Playa…

Moki Marbles??Moki Marbles??

Krumholtz???Krumholtz???

What else is in What else is in

GEOMORPHOLOGYGEOMORPHOLOGY??

Coastal ProcessesCoastal ProcessesAeolian ProcessesAeolian ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier Processes

What else is in What else is in

GEOMORPHOLOGYGEOMORPHOLOGY??

Coastal ProcessesCoastal ProcessesAeolian ProcessesAeolian ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier Processes

Glacier ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier Processes

Glacier ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier Processes

Erosion…

Glacier ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier Processes

And Deposition…

Glacier ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier Processes

And Polishing…

Glacier ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier Processes

Glacier ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier Processes

Glacier ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier Processes

Glacier ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier Processes

Glacier ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier Processes

How doHow do GLACIER PROCESSES GLACIER PROCESSES affect the GEOMORPHIC

SYSTEM??

How doHow do GLACIER PROCESSES GLACIER PROCESSES affect the GEOMORPHIC

SYSTEM??

Glacier ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier Processes

Glacier ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier ProcessesGlacier Processes

Things to Know:Things to Know:Things to Know:Things to Know:

Help: Ask Dr. Douglass

What is LANDSCAPE EVOLUTIONLANDSCAPE EVOLUTION? KNOW THE GEOMORPHIC SYSTEM DIAGRAM? How do weatheringweathering, hillslope processeshillslope processes,

and fluvial processesfluvial processes interact with each other to generate weathering limited weathering limited landscapes, transport limited landscapes, landscapes, transport limited landscapes, pediments, and alluvial fans pediments, and alluvial fans in arid climates.

How do landscapes respond to climate change, earthquakes, wildfires, drainage divide retreat...?

How do glaciers interact with landscape evolution?

What is LANDSCAPE EVOLUTIONLANDSCAPE EVOLUTION? KNOW THE GEOMORPHIC SYSTEM DIAGRAM? How do weatheringweathering, hillslope processeshillslope processes,

and fluvial processesfluvial processes interact with each other to generate weathering limited weathering limited landscapes, transport limited landscapes, landscapes, transport limited landscapes, pediments, and alluvial fans pediments, and alluvial fans in arid climates.

How do landscapes respond to climate change, earthquakes, wildfires, drainage divide retreat...?

How do glaciers interact with landscape evolution?