langauge and identity(2)

7/29/2019 Langauge and Identity(2)

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Language and identity( 3A)

Culture and sub-culture

Differences


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Adapting to Others

Culture and Communication

Gender and Communication

Barriers to Bridging Differences and

Adapting to Others

Adapting to Others Who Are Different

From You

Chapter 6: Adapting to Others


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Religion: Evolution of Man


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Culture is a learned system of knowledge,behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values, and norms

that is shared by a group of people.

Cultures are not static.

ACo-culture is a cultural group within alarger culture. Amish

gender



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Intercultural communication occurs whenindividuals or groups from different culturescommunicate.

Culture shock

Our culture and life experiences determine our worldviewthe general perspective that determines howwe perceive what happens to us.



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Cultural Contexts

People from different cultures respond to theirsurroundings or cultural context cues indifferent ways.

High-Context Cultures

nonverbal cues are extremely important

communicators rely on the context

Low-Context Cultures rely more

explicitly on language



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Cultural Values

Masculine andFemininePerspectives

Avoidance orTolerance ofUncertainty

Distribution of Power

Individualism orCollectivism



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Cultural Values:

Masculine/Feminine Masculine

emphasize getting things done and beingassertive

tend to value traditional roles for men andwomen

not a reflection of biological sex not completelyindependent of biology - not exclusively defined

by relation to sex is termed gender. Feminine

emphasize building relationships and seekingpeace and harmony with others


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Cultural Values:

Uncertainty and Certainty

Avoidance of Uncertainty

Uncertainty accepting is more innovative than uncertainty avoiding

society because of the greater legitimacy. Assumed causes or explanation of situation as facts to escape the

discomfort associated with ambiguity and uncertainty

Tolerance for Ambiguity

Ambiguity tolerance is the ability to perceive ambiguity in

information and behavior in a neutral and open way. Ambiguity tolerance is an important issue in personality development

and education. In psychology and in management, levels of tolerance ofambiguity are correlated with creativity,[1]risk aversion, psychologicalresilience, lifestyle,[2] orientation towards diversity (cross-culturalcommunication, intercultural competence), and leadership style.[3]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambiguityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambiguity_tolerancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_aversionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_resiliencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_resiliencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifestyle_%28sociology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambiguity_tolerancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-cultural_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-cultural_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercultural_competencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadershiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambiguity_tolerancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambiguity_tolerancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadershiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercultural_competencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-cultural_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-cultural_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-cultural_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-cultural_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambiguity_tolerancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifestyle_%28sociology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_resiliencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_resiliencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_aversionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambiguity_tolerancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambiguity


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Cultural Values:

Approaches to Power Decentralized Approach

leadership is not vested in one person,power is decentralized

decisions are likely to be made by consensus

Centralized Approach militaristic approach to power

prefer strongly organized, centrallycontrolled form of government


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Cultural Values:Individualism and Collectivism

Collectivistic Cultures champion what people do together and

reward group achievement

strive to accomplish goals for the benefit ofthe group

Individualistic Cultures individual recognition

self-realization

tend to be loosely knit socially



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Gender and Communication

Sex-Based Expectations

start at birth

gender roles are transmitted viacommunication

Why and How Women and Men Communicate

instrumental and expressive orientations

content and relational dimensions of messages



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Barriers to Bridging Differences

Assuming Superiority ethnocentrism

Assuming Similarity

Stereotyping and Prejudice

stereotyping prejudice

Different Communication Codes



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Adapting to Others

Seek Information

Listen and Ask Questions

Tolerate Ambiguity

Develop Mindfulness

engage in self-talk

Become Other-Oriented

other-orientedcommunication

social decentering

empathy and sympathy

Adapt To Others


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