language development- an introduction

7/29/2019 Language Development- An Introduction

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Language

Development- AnIntroduction

Jane Messier

Florida State University


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Lets define language together.


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True or False?Language, speech and

communication are the same

cocept. Be able to defend your answer!


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Speech-

Hearing-Communication-

A spoken conversation involveslanguage, hearing and speech

What does texting on your cellphones require?


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SPEECH

Does speech depend on language?

Does language depend on speech?

Respiration

Phonation

Resonation

Articulation

Speech- result of planning and executing veryspecific motor sequences


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Perceptual Target/m/ /a/ /m/ /a/

Motor Schema

/ma/ /ma/

Speech Output

/mama/

feedback

Turnbull & Justice p 11

phonemes:


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HEARING

aka AUDITION

Do you need hearing to have

language?

Do you need hearing to have

speech?


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HEARING

aka AUDITION

Acoustics: study of sound.

Transmission and reception of sound involves

4 acoustic events:

1. Creation of sound source

2. Vibration of air particles

3. Reception by ear4. Comprehension by brain


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Speech Perception

Different from auditory perception

Definition:

Coarticulation-


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Speech Perception

Creation

of sound

source

Particlesvibrate

Frequency

Intensity

Receptionby ear

Outer

Middle

Inner

Comprehension

by brain


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Communication

Process of exchange

Requires sender and receiver

Involves encoding, transmitting and decoding the

intended message

Communicative competence


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Formulation

Sender

Bubbler

Transmission/reception

Receiver

Huh?

Comprehension

* * have a shared symbolic system


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4 Processes of Communication

Formulation-

Transmission-

Reception-

Comprehension-


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Communication

Collaborative

Partners actively coordinate construction of

the dialogue

Negotiating each others meanings


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Purpose of Communication

Instrumental-

Regulatory-

Interactional Personal-

Heuristic-

Imaginative- Informative-


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Major Domains of Language

FORM CONTENT USE

P

R

A

G

M

AT

I

C

S

SE

M

A

N

T

I

C

S

SYNTAX

MORPHOLOGY

PHONOLOGY


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FORM

How words, sentences, and sounds are

organized and arranged to convey content

3 components:

Syntax

Morphology

Phonology

FORM CONTENT USE


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Form- Syntax

Definition:

Children with language disorders: complex sentences

sentences with few conjoined or embeddedphrases

Delayed in forming wh- questions

Shorter mean length of utterance (MLU)

FORM CONTENT USE


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Form- Morphology

Definition of morphology:

Morpheme-

School (1 morpheme) Schools (2morphemes)

Preschools (3 morphemes)

Adds precision to our languageFORM CONTENT USE


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Morphology

Language disorder:

Delays in morpheme acquisition

Morphology associated with verbs (tenseagreement)

Delay in acquiring prefixes and suffixes

FORM CONTENT USE


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Form- Phonology

Definition of phonology:

Phonemes

26 letters in English, but 39 phonemes (dependingon dialect)

Allophones

Language Disorder-

Typical 2 year oldtat for cat

Atypicalbeginning sounds deleted at for cat

FORM CONTENT USE


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Content- Semantics

Some words have 1 meaning (lady)

Some words have multiple meanings (bat)

Bent over backwards literal and figurativeLanguage Disorder:

-take longer to learn new words

-poor vocabulary

-difficulty using sentences to pullmeaning of unknown words

FORM CONTENT USE


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Can a sentence be semantically correct but

not syntactically?

Can a sentence be syntactically correct but

not semantically?


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Use - pragmatics

Social language

Rules that govern:

Communication intention

Conversation

Social conventions

FORM CONTENT USE


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Pragmatics will govern..

Paralinguistic-

Intonation, stress, emphasis, rate, pausing

Word choice

Turn taking

Nonlingustic- posture, gestures, facial

expression, eye contact


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Take out a piece of paper. Test

yourself..

The major domains of language are:

a. intent, use, and form

b. organization, content, and use

c. meaning, intent, and form

d. content, form, and use

Semantics is synonymous with the domain of:

a. Organization c. content

b. Use d. formManipulating words by adding pref ixes or suf f ixes pertains

to the domain of:

a. Morphology c. phonics

b. Phonology d. pragmatics


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Remarkable Features of Language

Rate of acquisition

Universality

Species-specificity Semanticity/displacement

Productivity

Engine of thought


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Differences versus Disorders

Differences- variability among language users

1) Dialects- natural variations of a language

Will effect form, content and use

Related factors- race and ethnicity,

situational/context, peer-group, SES, geography


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2) Bilingualism-

Code switching

Can learn language simultaneously orsequentially


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3) Gender differences

4) Genetic predisposition

5) Language-Learning environment


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Specific language impairment (SLI)

Developmental disability

Traumatic Brain Injury

language development- an introduction

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