language development module 17. module overview building blocks of language language acquisition...
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Language Development
Module 17
Module Overview
• Building Blocks of Language• Language Acquisition• Language Stages
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Building Blocks of Language
Module 17: Language Development
Language
• Our spoken, written, or gestured words and the way we combine them to communicate meaning.
• Importance of language in the “information age”
Phoneme
• In language, the smallest distinctive sound unit.
• English has about 40 phonemes.• A young baby produces all the
phonemes of all the languages of the world.
Morpheme
• In language, the smallest unit that carries meaning.
• May be a word or part of a word• English has about 100,000 morphemes.
Grammar
• System of rules governing how we can combine phonemes, morphemes and words to produce meaningful communication.
Grammar - Context
• The artist painted me on the porch.
Grammar - Context
• The artist painted me on the porch.
• The artist painted me on the porch.
Grammar - Context
• The artist painted me on the porch.
• The artist painted me on the porch.
• The artist painted me on the porch.
Structure of Language
Language Acquisition
Module 17: Language Development
Noam Chomsky (1928- )
• Linguist who argues that children have a predisposition to learn language;
• as though their brains are hardwired to learn vocabulary and the rules of grammar.
B.F. Skinner and Language
• Psychologist who argued that children learn language through association, imitation and reinforcement.–Association : linking certain sounds
with certain people–Imitation–Reinforcement or punishments
Language Stages
Module 17: Language Development
Language Acquisition Stages
• Three-step process:–Babbling–One-Word Stage–Two-Word Stage
Babbling
• Babies spontaneously babble phonemes.• Will babble all the phonemes of the
world• Will begin to babble only the phonemes
of the child’s native tongue at about 1 year of age
Babbling
One-Word Stage
• Child uses one word to convey a complete thought or idea
One-Word Stage
Two-Word Stage
• Two word sentences showing an appreciation of the rules of grammar
Two-Word Stage
Overgeneralization
• Child will generalize grammar rules so they apply the rules too broadly.
• Example: “I dugged in the sandbox” rather than “I dug in the sandbox”
Overgeneralization
The End