language, dialects, and varieties
TRANSCRIPT
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Language, Dialects, and Varieties
Mr. Xavier A. VelascoMAT – ELA
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What is a LANGUAGE?
the words, their pronunciation, and the methods of combining them used and
understood by a community
Any means of conveying or communicating ideas; specifically, human speech; the
expression of ideas by the voice; sounds, expressive of thought, articulated by the
organs of the throat and mouth.
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What is a VARIETY?
“A set of linguistic items with similar distribution.”
--- Richard ‘Dick’ Hudson
“Any body of human speech patterns which is
sufficiently homogeneous to be analyzed.”
--- Charles A. Ferguson
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What is a DIALECT?
is a variant, or variety, of a language spoken in a certain
geographical area.
a form of a language spoken in a particular geographical area or by members of a
particular social class or occupational group, distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar,
and pronunciation; a form of a language that is considered inferior
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What are the differences between a language and a
dialect?
1. SIZE
• A language is bigger than a dialect.
2. PRESTIGE
• A language is more prestigious than a dialect.
A dialect is popularly considered to be "a substandard, low status, often rustic form of a language, lacking in prestige. Dialects are often being
thought of as being some kind of erroneous deviation from the norm - an aberration of the 'proper' or standard form of language." (Chambers and
Trudgill 1998).
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Standard English - language or dialect?
What is Standard English?Hudson suggests that the variety of a
language that we refer to as a 'proper language' rather than a dialect is a Standard Language.
“It is important to note that this variety has no linguistic prestige over others - the selection of a given variety depends on social, not linguistic factors.”
--- Lesley Milroy
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Four (4) processes a variety goes through to become standardized
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Seven (7) criteria in discussing different
kinds of languages
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REFERS TO THE EXISTENCE OF A LIVINGCOMMUNITY OF SPEAKERS
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AUTONOMYA LANGUAGE MUST BE FELT BY ITS SPEAKERS TO BE
DIFFERENT FROM OTHER LANGUAGES.
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REDUCTIONREFERS TO THE FACT THAT A PARTICULAR VARIETY
MAY BE REGARDED AS A SUB-VARIETY RATHER THATN AS AN INDEPENDENT ENTITY.
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MIXTUREREFERS TO FEELINGS SPEAKERS HAVE ABOUT THE
‘PURITY’ OF THE VARIETY THEY SPEAK.
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FACTO DE NORMSREFERS TO THE FEELING THAT MANY SPEAKERS HAVE
THAT THERE ARE BOTH ‘GOOD’ SPEAKERS AND ‘POOR’ SPEAKERS.
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