language’documentaon’ in’the’age’of’smartphones’gene/papers/buckley2014_nais.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Language Documenta-on in the Age of Smartphones
EUGENE BUCKLEY UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
Native American Studies at Penn:
Indigenous Knowledge in the Academy
7–8 November 2014
![Page 2: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Indigenous languages in the US
2
![Page 3: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
UNESCO endangerment criteria
3
![Page 4: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Languages in the Southwestern US
4
Kashaya
NE Pomo
SE Pomo
Yavapai
Havasupai
Hualapai
Navajo
![Page 5: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Documenta-on
• compiling information about a language – written transcription – audio recordings – video recordings
• for academic interest – to understand languages in general – their structure and how they work – how they’re historically related to one another
• in the community interest – to sustain and revitalize endangered languages – to revive languages with no native speakers
• these goals sometimes overlap – but often lead in quite different directions
5
![Page 6: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Language families of California
6
![Page 7: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
sʼuʔnuʔnu šinal : Huckleberry Heights
7
![Page 8: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Consul-ng with speakers
8
Essie Parrish & Robert Oswalt at Stewart’s Point Rancheria (sʼuʔnuʔnu šinal, Huckleberry Heights) 1960
![Page 9: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Words and sentences
• Kashaya “bear” by itself (provided by Essie Parrish) – [what is the word for] “bear” – buṭaqá ; buṭaqá
• Kashaya “bear” in a narrative (told by Herman James) – mulídom pʰiʔtʼan duwéʔli buṭaqá ʔem ma·dúʔ. – “Suddenly, in the evening, the bear arrived home.”
9
![Page 10: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Taking notes (1957)
10
![Page 11: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Organizing informa-on
11
![Page 12: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Use of informa-on
• technical papers about language structure – typically necessary for academic progress – but not useful to communities
• grammars written for specialists – may contain many useful examples of the language – but mainly accessible only to specialists – sketches of the grammar can be written with more familiar terms
• dictionaries are an essential resource – but like grammars they may be very technical – most community members prefer simpler wordlists – audio recordings make pronunciation much clearer
12
![Page 13: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
A xeroxed wordlist (1975)
13
![Page 14: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
DraV of a dic-onary
14
![Page 15: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Prac-cal problems
• even if we include cross references for all the possible forms, this becomes cumbersome in a printed volume – simply takes up too much space on paper
• also frustrating to dind the root and then have to dlip to the main entry many pages away – or vice versa, if organized by roots
• much easier to search electronically for a particular form and click to be taken directly to the relevant entry – similarly, click between various related entries
15
![Page 16: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
A computer database
16
![Page 17: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
A new wordlist (2014)
17
![Page 18: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Kashaya-‐English
18
![Page 19: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
A full web dic-onary
19
![Page 20: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Special characters
• a new problem is how to input special characters that are often needed – this didn’t happen in books, at least
• special keyboard, or letters to click for insertion – an issue for many national languages also – more challenging when the character is not found in common European languages, such as ṭ or ų
• another option: search under basic letters, be shown a range of matching options – such as typing ta and getting all the Kashaya t options – interesting use of this concept in (printed) Zapotec
20
![Page 21: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Zapotec language family
21
![Page 22: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Valley Zapotec
22
![Page 23: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Zapotec vowels
• four kinds of PHONATION – modal (plain) [a] – creaky [à] – post-‐glottalized [a’] – breathy [ah]
• four tones – high, low, rising, falling
• in total, 33 different possible combinations – on any particular vowel or diphthong
• this leads to very complex spellings – a’ , aa , àa , a’aah , a’àa , a’àa , aàa’ , àa’a , etc. – but necessary if the exact pronunciation is to be shown
23
![Page 24: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Simplified Zapotec spelling
A bgyahcdaàa'n gu'uh te'ihby bùunny nih ràa'p x:o'p zhìi'iny zhyàa'pih.
A bgyacdan gu teiby buny ni rap xop zhiny zhyapi.
“Once upon a time there was a man who had eight daughters.”
24
![Page 25: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Simplified headwords
25
![Page 26: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Autocorrec-on
• Google can correct our spelling
• and suggest what we can’t remember
26
![Page 27: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Autocorrec-on in Spanish
• it can supply special characters
• or correct typos
27
![Page 28: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• it could suggest similar words
• no word begins exactly with mayu, but there are some fairly close (“fuzzy”) matches – ma·yu ‘dove’ – maya ‘you’ – mahyuṭʰmaw ‘poke or stir (a dire)’ – maʔyuʔyuw ‘walk painfully (on gravel)’
28
Autocorrec-on in Kashaya?
![Page 29: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Match for Navajo dloo
29
![Page 30: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Smartphone dic-onaries
30
![Page 31: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Smartphone learning tools
31
![Page 32: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Specialized keyboards
32
![Page 33: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Conclusion
• digital technology creates new challenges for academics – it’s no longer enough to produce traditional printed materials
– we have to learn how to use these technologies • but it also creates new opportunities – modern dictionaries are created with computers anyway
– we just need to take that information and create resources for the age of smartphones
33
![Page 34: Language’Documentaon’ in’the’Age’of’Smartphones’gene/papers/Buckley2014_nais.pdf · Languages’in’the’Southwestern’US’ 4 Kashaya NE’Pomo’ SEPomo Yavapai’](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042316/5f0532e27e708231d411c4a7/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Yahwiy!
34