languague .theory

8/8/2019 Languague .Theory

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Language Theory

Ahmed, Ankita & Hiral


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W h a t i s l a n g u a g e ?

Alanguage is aparticular kind of

system for encodingand decoding

information. It is apre-conceived idea of

an individual aboutentire world around

him, in anunderstandable form.


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Semiotics

Everything is a sign

Signs can be read

Signs exist in a structure and context

Looking at the structure of signs allows you to get tothe meaning

For each text what is being said, by whom and why?


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R e l a t i v i t y Human cognitive facility of

creating and using

language.

Systematic creation and

usage of systems of

symbols.

Pairing a specific sign with

an intended meaning,

established through social

conventions.


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Fa c t s

Human language is not my private language.

It does not originate in me.

It is conventional.

It belongs in the public sphere to all of us.

And thats what allows it to be communicative.

A system of science that we can make use of, and recognize

because it exists among us, something that can be shared in

common.


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Un d e r s t a n d i n g

Study of how information is

represented and transformed in

the brain.

Semiotics , signs are everywhere

and everything is a sign - words,

images, sounds, and absence of

them - in short, anything fromwhich some meanings may be

generated.

We give our "reading" to

everything we see.


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Its Positive & Negative

It exists as an aggregate for all it wants.

It is something virtual and it expresses.

We infer the unconscious from the erratic behavior of

consciousness.

It evolve into structuralism.

Relationship between speech and language.

It relates to any object before its understanding.


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Semiotics


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Ferdinand de SaussureLinguist (French)

1857 1913

Charles Sanders PeirceMathematician

(American)

1839 1914

Claude Levi-Strauss

Anthropologist (French)

1908 -

Structuralists


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T h e T h e o r y

There are three main components to remember: The (1)sign is

composed of a (2)signifier -- the material form of the sign -- and

(3)the signified-- the concept it represents.

[ ... ]

... Sign -- The written word STOP

Signifier -- The letters S-T-O-P

Signified concept -- The motion category "stop"


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DOGgau

hund

Inu

canis


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SYNTAGMATIC

PARADIGMA

TIC

DENOTATION

CONNOTATION

Some Jargon


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MAN BITES+ DOG+Syntagmatic


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MAN BITES DOG+ +

WOMAN

Paradigmatic


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July 3rd

DENOTION


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September 11th

CONNOTATION


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T h e c o n c e p t t r e e

A Concept

A soundimage

I think ofSomething

Signified

Itcorresponds.

Signifier

An ArbitraryRelationship

An BinaryRelationship

A Sign: Its Negative Knowledge (arbitrary ordifferential)


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S i g n sThree categories of signs:

1. Iconic - A sign which resembles the signified (portrait, photo,

diagram, map)

2. Symbolic - A sign which does not resemble the signified but which is

purely conventional (the word stop, a red traffic light, or a

national flag)

3. Indexical - A sign which is inherently connected in some way

(existentially or causally) to the signified (e.g. smoke signifies fire;

and all the little symbols you see on web pages -- mailboxes,

envelopes, arrows).


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I n M e d i a A picture of for actual printer, is a symbol in your computer. It says

"print" (not printer) to signify the action.

See a close up, you RECOGNIZE it again on screen as a sign of the

same character.You don't have to know or remember the names!

If you saw tree before, you can recognize it on the screen. The art of

film language is not in iconic signification....

In film, on the contrary, every image seems to be an iconic sign.

Since there is no learning of conventional connections between the

sign and signified involved, we recognize screen images in every

culture. At its birth film offered us a new "international" language.


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The Paradigm Set EmployedNewspaper Pictures WordsTimes of India Terrorist, Map, Leopold Caf,

Injured Child, CopWar

DNA The Burning Taj, Map of

Mumbai, The Terrorist,RailwayStation

Bloodbath

Hindustan Times The Burning Taj Flames, Fighting

Deccan Chronicle Ambulance people injured Attack, Night ofTerror

The Telegraph The Taj under Hostage War, Foreigners Hostage

Dawn, Pakistan Map of Mumbai, Peopleescaping cross fire

Detestable Act, Blame Game,Peace Agenda,


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R e f e r e n c e s

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VsMfaIOsT3

M http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_language

http://ezshabd.com/index.php?txtSearch


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