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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA,JOHOR
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATIC
FACULTY OF SCIENCE, ARTS & HERITAGE
FULL REPORT EXPERIMENT PHYSICS
Name: MUHAMAD SHAH RIDZUAN BIN SHAFERY
No Matrix:AA111212
No IC:930928085517
Code Courses:DAS 14103
Experiment Title:E24 – PROJECTILE MOTION 1
Date: 14/08/2011
Instructor: PN. AMIRA SARYATI BT AMERUDDIN
REPORT CONTENT
BIL. CONTENT PAGE
1. Experiment Title 0
2. Theory Part A 1
3. Apparatus 2
4. Procedure 2
5. Data Sheet 3
6. Discussion & Conclusion 4
7. Theory Part B 5
8. Apparatus 6
9. Procedure 6
10. Data Sheet 7
11. Analysis & Answer 8-9
12. Discussion & Conclusion 10
13. Theory Part C 11
14. Apparatus 12
15. Procedure 12
16. Data Sheet 13
17. Analysis & Answer 14
18. Discussion & Conclusion 15
19. Refference 16
PROJECTILE
MOTION 1
TEORY
To predict where a ball will land on the the floor when it is shot off a table at an angle, it is
necessary to first to first determine the initial speed (muzzle velocity) of the ball. This can be
determined by launching the ball horizontally off the table and measuring the vertical and
horizontal distances through which the ball travels. Then the initial velocity can be used to
calculated where the ball is shot at an angle.
INITIAL HORIZONTAL VELOCITY:
For a ball launched horizontally off a table with an initial speed, , the horizontal distance
travelled by the is given by , where is the time ball is in the air. Air friction is
assumed to be negligible.
The vertical distance the ball drop in time is given by
The initial velocity of the ball can be determined by measuring and . The time of flight of
the ball can be found using: and then the initial velocity can be found using
INITIAL VELOCITY AT THE ANANGLE:
To predict the range, , of a ball launched with an initial velocity at an angle, , above the
horizontal, first predict the time of flight using the equation for the vertical motion:
where is the initial height of the ball and is the position of the ball when it hits the floor.
Then use to find the range. If the ball is shot at an angle below the
horizontal, then is negative.
1
APPARATUS
Mini Launcher and steel ball, Plumb bob, Meter stick, Carbon paper, White paper.
PROCEDURE
PART A : Determine the initial Velocity of the Ball
1. Put the ball into the Mini Launcher and cock it to the long range position. Fire one
shot to locate where the ball hits the floor. At this position, tape a piece of white paper
to the floor. Place a piece of carbon paper (carbon-side down) on top of this paper and
tape it down. When the ball hits the floor, it will leave a mark on the white paper.
2. Fire about ten shots.
3. Measure the vertical distance from the bottom of the ball as it leaves the barrel (this
position is marked on the side of the barrel) to the floor. Record this distance in Table
1.1 .
4. Use a plumb bob to find the point on the floor that is directly beneath the release point
on the barrel. Measure the horinzontal distance along the floor from the release point
to the leading edge of the paper. Record in Table 1.1 .
5. Measure from the leading edge of the paper to each of the ten dots and record these
distances in Table 1.1 .
6. Find the average of the ten distance and record the value in Table 1.1 .
7. Using the vertical distance and the average horizontal distance, calculate the time of
flight and the initial velocity of the ball. Record in Table 1.1
8. Calculate the total Average Distance. Record in Table 1.1 .
2
DATA SHEET
PART A : Determine the initial Velocity of the Ball
Table 1.1 Determine the initial Velocity
Vertical distance = 130.0 cm Horizontal distance to paper edge = 288.0 cm
Calculate time of flight = 0.514 Initial velocity = 4.623
TRIAL NUMBER DISTANCE (cm)
1 16.5
2 16.1
3 15.0
4 15.0
5 14.7
6 15.4
7 14.5
8 15.4
9 16.5
10 16.6
Average Distance 15.58
Total Average Distance 253.58
(Total Average Distance = Distance to paper edge + Average Distance)
3
DISCUSSION
Based on the experiment, i agree to the result because the value experiment is near with value
teory.
Errors And Way To Overcome
1. The reading of the angle of degree on the mini luncher is not accurate. To avoid this
problem we must see the angle of degree carefully and parallel with the reading.
2. The reading between horizontal distance to paper edge not accurate. To solve this
problem we must measure to avoid the error.
3. The mini launcher move to the left and right when we shoot andd make the reading of
the distance not accurate. To solve this problem, we must set the mini launcher
straight to the paper before we shoot the ball to make a reading of distance accurate.
CONCLUSION
Based on the experiment conducted, the value experiment for part A is 253.58cm.
4
PROJECTILE
MOTION 1
TEORY
To predict where a ball will land on the the floor when it is shot off a table at an angle, it is
necessary to first to first determine the initial speed (muzzle velocity) of the ball. This can be
determined by launching the ball horizontally off the table and measuring the vertical and
horizontal distances through which the ball travels. Then the initial velocity can be used to
calculated where the ball is shot at an angle.
INITIAL HORIZONTAL VELOCITY:
For a ball launched horizontally off a table with an initial speed, , the horizontal distance
travelled by the is given by , where is the time ball is in the air. Air friction is
assumed to be negligible.
The vertical distance the ball drop in time is given by
The initial velocity of the ball can be determined by measuring and . The time of flight of
the ball can be found using: and then the initial velocity can be found using
INITIAL VELOCITY AT THE ANANGLE:
To predict the range, , of a ball launched with an initial velocity at an angle, , above the
horizontal, first predict the time of flight using the equation for the vertical motion:
where is the initial height of the ball and is the position of the ball when it hits the floor.
Then use to find the range. If the ball is shot at an angle below the
horizontal, then is negative.
5
APPARATUS
Mini Launcher and steel ball, Plumb bob, Meter stick, Carbon paper, White paper
PROCEDURE
PART B : Predicting the range of the ball shot at an angle
1. Adjust the Mini Launcher to launch at an angle between 20 and 60 above the horizontal.
Record this angle in Table 1.2.
2. Using the initial velocity and vertical distance found in the first part of this experiment,
calculate the new of flight and the new horizontal range for a projectile launched at the
new angle. Record in Table 1.2.
3. Draw a line across the middle of a white piece of paper and tape the paper on the floor
so line is at the predicted horizontal distance from the Mini Launcher. Cover the paper
with carbon paper.
4. Shoot the ball ten times.
5. Measure the ten distances and take the average. Record in Table 1.2.
6
DATA SHEET
PART B : Predicting the range of the ball shot at an angle
Table 1.2 Confirming the predicted Range
Angle above horizontal = 20 Horizontal distance to paper edge = 394.7cm
Calculate time of flight = 0.91 Predicted range = 3.95
Trial Number Distance from Edge of Paper(cm)
1 4.3
2 4.0
3 4.1
4 3.3
5 5.7
6 3.8
7 6.1
8 4.2
9 6.0
10 3.9
Average Distance 4.54
Total Average Distance 399.24
7
ANALYSIS
Part B : Predicting the range of the ball shot at an angle
1. Calculate the Total Average Distance. Record in Table 1.2.
(Total Average Distance = Distance From Edge of Paper + Horizontal Distance to Paper
Edge)
2. Calculate and record the percentage difference between the predicted value and the
resulting average distance when shot at an angle.
3. Estimate the precision of the predicted range. How many of the final 10 shots landed
within this range?
ANALYSIS ANSWER
Part B : Predicted the range of the ball shot at an angle
1. Total Average Distance record in the table 1.2.
= 4.54cm
=4.54cm + 394.7cm
=399.24cm
2. Calculate and record the percentage different between the predicted value and the
resulting average distance when shot at an angle.
=
=
= 19.5%
8
3. Estimate the precision of the predicted range. How many of the final 10 shots landed
within this range.
0 = 110 + (839.7 ) (9.81)( )
= 110 + 286 4.9
= 4.9 + 286 +110
= 0.0170
= (4.623 (0.0170)
= 0.074
Predicted Range is 0.074
9
DISCUSSION
Based on the experiment , i agree to the result because the percentage error is near to the
collision theory value.
Errors And Way To Overcome
4. The reading of the angle of degree on the mini luncher is not accurate. To avoid this
problem we must see the angle of degree carefully and parallel with the reading.
5. The reading between horizontal distance to paper edge not accurate. To solve this
problem we must measure to avoid the error.
6. The mini launcher move to the left and right when we shoot andd make the reading of
the distance not accurate. To solve this problem, we must set the mini launcher
straight to the paper before we shoot the ball to make a reading of distance accurate.
CONCLUSION
1. Based on the experiment conducted, the value experiment for part B is 4.77cm
2. Percentage different in the magnitude of the magnitude of the obtained relative standart
value for part B is 19.5%.
10
PROJECTILE
MOTION 1
TEORY
To predict where a ball will land on the the floor when it is shot off a table at an angle, it is
necessary to first to first determine the initial speed (muzzle velocity) of the ball. This can be
determined by launching the ball horizontally off the table and measuring the vertical and
horizontal distances through which the ball travels. Then the initial velocity can be used to
calculated where the ball is shot at an angle.
INITIAL HORIZONTAL VELOCITY:
For a ball launched horizontally off a table with an initial speed, , the horizontal distance
travelled by the is given by , where is the time ball is in the air. Air friction is
assumed to be negligible.
The vertical distance the ball drop in time is given by
The initial velocity of the ball can be determined by measuring and . The time of flight of
the ball can be found using: and then the initial velocity can be found using
INITIAL VELOCITY AT THE ANANGLE:
To predict the range, , of a ball launched with an initial velocity at an angle, , above the
horizontal, first predict the time of flight using the equation for the vertical motion:
where is the initial height of the ball and is the position of the ball when it hits the floor.
Then use to find the range. If the ball is shot at an angle below the
horizontal, then is negative.
11
APPARATUS
Mini Launcher and steel ball, Plumb bob, Meter stick, Carbon paper, White paper.
PROCEDURE
PART C : Predicting the range of the ball shot at an Negative Angle
6. Adjust the Mini Launcher to launch at an angle between 10 and 40 above the horizontal.
Record this angle in Table 1.3.
7. Using the initial velocity and vertical distance found in the first part of this experiment,
calculate the new of flight and the new horizontal range for a projectile launched at the
new angle. Record in Table 1.3.
8. Draw a line across the middle of a white piece of paper and tape the paper on the floor
so line is at the predicted horizontal distance from the Mini Launcher. Cover the paper
with carbon paper.
9. Shoot the ball ten times.
10. Measure the ten distances and take the average. Record in Table 1.3.
ANALYSIS
PART C : Predicting the range of the ball shot at an Negative Angle
4. Calculate the Total Average Distance. Record in Table 1.3.
(Total Average Distance = Distance From Edge of Paper + Horizontal Distance to Paper
Edge)
5. Calculate and record the percentage difference between the predicted value and the
resulting average distance when shot at an angle.
6. Estimate the precision of the predicted range. How many of the final 10 shots landed
within this range?
12
DATA SHEET
PART C : Predicting the range of the ball shot at an Negative Angle
TABLE 1.3 Confirming the Predicted Range
Angle above horizontal = Horizontal distance to paper edge = 125.5cm
Calculate time of flight = 0.029 Predicted range = 0.125
Trial Number Distance from Edge of Paper(cm)
1 21.9
2 21.6
3 18.1
4 22.7
5 23.4
6 21.1
7 21.5
8 22.9
9 23.8
10 18.6
Average Distance 21.6
Total Average Distance 147.1
13
ANALYSIS ANSWER
PART C : Predicting the range of the ball shot at an Negative Angle
1. Total Average Distance record in the table 1.3.
=
= 21.6cm
= 21.6 + 125.5
= 147.1cm
2. Calculate and record the percentage different between the predicted value and the
resulting average distance when shot at an angle.
=
=
= 7.7%
3. Estimate the precision of the predicted range. How many of the final 10 shots landed
within this range.
0 = 69 + (339.2 ) (9.81)
= 56.5 + 116 4.9
= 0.5
= 339.2 )( )
=
Predicted Range is 159.4
14
DISCUSSION
Based on the experiment , i agree to the result because the percentage error is near to the
collision theory value.
Errors And Way To Overcome
7. The reading of the angle of degree on the mini luncher is not accurate. To avoid this
problem we must see the angle of degree carefully and parallel with the reading.
8. The reading between horizontal distance to paper edge not accurate. To solve this
problem we must measure to avoid the error.
9. The mini launcher move to the left and right when we shoot andd make the reading of
the distance not accurate. To solve this problem, we must set the mini launcher
straight to the paper before we shoot the ball to make a reading of distance accurate.
CONCLUSION
3. Based on the experiment conducted, the value experiment for part C is 147.1cm
4. Percentage different in the magnitude of the magnitude of the obtained relative standart
value for part C is 7.7%.
15
REFERENCE
1. Physic laboratory experiment book, Department of Science & Mathematic, Faculty of
Science & Cultural UTHM.
2. http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/projectile-motion
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projectile_motion
16