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LARGE ENGINE NEWS

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Large Engine News – July-September 2014 © Ricardo plc 2014

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RICARDO INFORMATION SERVICES

LARGE ENGINE NEWS

JULY - SEPTEMBER 2014

An

update dedicated to

Marine, Rail and Stationary Large Engines



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Notes Large Engine News is a newsletter, published by the Ricardo Information Services Department. It summarizes the published literature on Marine, Rail and Stationary Large Engines. It is based on input to the Ricardo POWERLINK database. Items included in this publication are based on literature received by the Ricardo Library in July to September 2014. Copies of the source documents may be obtained by quoting the Library reference, which appears in bold. An additional charge would be made for this service. Other products offered by Ricardo Information Services include: Powerlink - An online database containing over 250,000 abstracts of engine and vehicle literature EMLEG - Worldwide exhaust emissions legislation summaries online

New Engine News Contents - summaries of main technical features of new engines of all types and applications

Fuels & Lubricants News Contents - Developments in fuel and lubricants technology as applied in engines and vehicles

Control & Electronics News Contents - control, electrical and electronic engineering. Practical applications and research & technology

Transmissions News Contents - New and modified transmissions, and driveline technology

Components News Contents - Internal combustion engine components, materials, research and design.

Alternative Powertrain News Contents – Fuel cell, hybrid and electric powertrains as well as alternative combustion systems

Fuel Economy News Contents - Fuel economy improvement, weight reduction, practical examples of vehicle applications

Gas Engine News Contents - Natural gas, LPG and biogas technologies and applications. Published quarterly.

Contact details - Roland Christopher, Information Manager, Ricardo UK Ltd Tel. +44 (0) 1273 794230, email: [email protected].

Ricardo has used reasonable endeavours to ensure that the information supplied in this service is correct. However, no responsibility or liability can be accepted for any errors or omissions. Entries in this publication do not imply endorsement of any product or service by Ricardo

mailto:[email protected]



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Contents COMPONENTS ..................................................................................................................... 4

TURBOCHARGERS ...................................................................................................... 4

EXHAUST EMISSIONS REDUCTION ............................................................................ 5

Marine applications ...................................................................................................... 5

FUEL SYSTEMS ............................................................................................................ 6

Dual fuel ........................................................................................................................ 6

DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................................ 7

Marine engines ............................................................................................................. 7

NVH ............................................................................................................................ 9

GAS ENGINES ....................................................................................................................10

MARKETS AND REGULATIONS .................................................................................10

Markets .........................................................................................................................10

STATIONARY, OFF-HIGHWAY, MARINE, LOCOMOTIVE AND TOTAL ENERGY SYSTEMS ..........................................................................................................11

Engines and systems ..................................................................................................11

ENGINE AND FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENS ..............................................................16

RESEARCH AND COMPUTER SIMULATION .............................................................17

Fuel/air mixing and combustion .................................................................................17

CONTROL AND ELECTRONICS.........................................................................................18

APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING .....................................................18

Power generation ........................................................................................................18

FUELS AND LUBRICANTS .................................................................................................19

APPLICATIONS OF FUELS .........................................................................................19

Marine ...........................................................................................................................19

Power generation ........................................................................................................20

FUEL PRODUCTION ....................................................................................................21

ECONOMIC ISSUES OF FUELS ..................................................................................22

Fuel reserves ...............................................................................................................22

FUEL SAFETY ..............................................................................................................23

APPLICATIONS OF LUBRICANTS TO SPECIFIC ENGINES ......................................24

Marine engines ............................................................................................................24

ALTERNATIVE POWERTRAINS .........................................................................................25

MARINE APPLICATIONS .............................................................................................25

FUEL ECONOMY AND CO2 REDUCTION ..........................................................................26

MARINE APPLICATIONS .............................................................................................26

CONFERENCE LIST............................................................................................................28



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COMPONENTS

TURBOCHARGERS NEW GENERATION OF TURBOCHARGERS ANNOUNCED MAN Diesel & Turbo For the first time ever, MAN Diesel & Turbo will develop a turbocharger series exclusively for two-stroke engines that is especially designed and optimised to fulfil Tier III requirements. Compared to the TCA turbocharger range, successfully introduced by the company during the last decade, TCT efficiency shows an increase of 5% through using newly-developed compressor and turbine-wheel geometry, consequently increasing waste-heat-recovery potential by 30%. The TCT range will also deliver a 10% greater air flow at a turbocharging pressure 25% higher, while being 30% smaller and 40% lighter than the existing TCA range. MAN Diesel & Turbo reports that the first TCT turbocharger is expected to reach the market in 2016 after an extensive validation and field-testing programme. See Electronic Document 7041 (Copenhagen, Denmark; MAN Diesel & Turbo, 15 Sep 2014, Press release, 3pp.)



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EXHAUST EMISSIONS REDUCTION

Marine applications

TWO-STROKE ENGINES: MAN PRIMED TO MEET TIER III NOX CHALLENGE MAN Diesel & Turbo A number of technologies are available to MAN Diesel & Turbo to enable its low-speed engines to meet IMO Tier III NOx emission requirements, including Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR). Operational experience is claimed with both solutions. The world's first Tier Ill-compliant two-engine - a six-cylinder MAN B6W S46MC-C model - was completed by Japanese licensee Hitachi Zosen for a general cargo Carrier for Nissho Shipping in 2011. The engine's exhaust gas passes through a high pressure SCR system installed upstream of the turbocharger. Pursuing another NOx-reducing technology, in 2012 MAN Diesel & Turbo booked its first commercial order for an EGR system for a 4500 TEU Maersk Line C-class container ship newbuilding delivered last year by Hyundai Heavy Industries. The HHl-built six-cylinder S80ME-C9 engine is equipped with an integrated EGR system designed, manufactured and assembled by HHI in co-operation with Alfa Laval, Siemens, GEA and Vestas Aircoil. Covers - ME-GI (gas injection) versions of the complete MAN B&W two-stroke product line are now offered, Methane slip, 620mm-bore X62DF, 720mm-bore X72DE, 820mm-bore X82DF and 920mm-bore X92DF, retrofit solutions, lean-burn combustion technology. See Doc.145897 (Marine Propulsion, Jun/Jul 2014, pp33-36.)



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FUEL SYSTEMS

Dual fuel

NEW GENERATION DUAL FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMS L'Orange Conclusions Dual fuel is not only a “bridge technology” towards gas-engines Homogeneous and heterogeneous combustion concepts have their individual advantages and will both find their applications For homogeneous Combustion systems the "Single Nozzle dual fuel" technology results in a significant simplification for the engine linked with a slight increase in effort for controls and injector Challenges are addressed: closed loop injection control is the main task Base Technologies are ready for engine implementation. Further improvements are under development. Covers - heat management in dual-fuel injectors, consequences of overheated nozzles, nozzle cooling, dosing accuracy (shot-to-shot), atomization/fuel preparation, HP-pump. See vCD 218 01 L'Orange M. Willmann.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May 2014, Day 2, 15pp.)



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DEVELOPMENT

Marine engines

TRACTOR PEDIGREE UNDERWRITES MARINE SUCCESS Caterpillar Over 80 years after the tractor specialist developed its first diesel engine, Caterpillar's high and medium speed designs enjoy sustained business in diverse propulsion and auxiliary markets. Looks at the history of Caterpillar, the world's leading manufacturer of construction and mining equipment, diesel and natural gas engines, industrial gas turbines and diesel-electric locomotives. Covers – MaK, Perkins, Caterpillar Marine Power, D348 and D349 series, D379, D398 and D399 series, 3500 Series, 3512 engines, 3516 models, Car 3500 Series marine gas engines, G3516C is a V16-cylinder spark-ignited gas engine, 3600 Series engine, Cat 3516C and Cat 280 marine engines, Cat C32 ACERT engine. Gives - cross-section of the 2 bore Caterpillar 3618 medium-speed engine. See Doc.145896 (Marine Propulsion, Jun/Jul 2014, pp28-30.) FIRST HIGH SPEED HIMSEN ENGINE Hyundai Over the past decade, Hyundai Heavy Industries (HHI) has developed its HiMSEN engines to cover various horsepower categories of the market for medium speed diesel engines. Based on the experience accumulated, the company has now extended the HiMSEN engine family with the first high speed engine, the vee configuration H 17V. This article is based on Paper 161, CIMAC Congress 2013. Covers – fuel injection equipment, intake port, piston and atomiser, design and verification, block, crankshaft and conrod, cylinder head and liner. See Doc.146001 (MTZ Industrial, 2014, No. 2, pp24-29.) NEW GENERATION LOW SPEED TWO-STROKE ENGINES Wartsila With their best-in-class fuel consumption and excellent reliability, low-speed two-stroke engines will remain the workhorses of world maritime trade for medium vessels to the very largest ships. In preparation for an era of ever bigger containerships, ever tighter emissions regulations and new sizes of vessel due to the enlargement of the Panama Canal, Wartsila has launched a new two-stroke engine Generation. This article is based on Paper 267, CIMAC Congress 2013. Covers – W-X62, W-X72, W-X92, W-X40, W-X35, flex common rail injection, times between overhaul, manufacturing optimisation, service friendliness. See Doc.146002 (MTZ Industrial, 2014, No. 2, pp12-18.) MAN EXTENDS HEAVY-DUTY MARINE RANGE MAN MAN Truck & Bus has developed a new 12-cylinder, vee-configuration engine for heavy-duty marine applications. The new D2862 LE441 diesel is targeted toward marine vessels such as workboats, tugs and freighters and complies with IMO Tier 2 emissions standards, the company said. As the latest addition to the D2862 engine family, the new engine’s power rating has been increased by 73 kW compared to MAN’s existing most powerful marine engines for heavy-duty applications, the D2862 LE431 and D2862 LE421. The total output for the 24.24-litre engine — which has a bore and stroke of 128 x 157mm — is 735 kW at 1800 r/min, with maximum torque of 4380 Nm at 1100 to 1600 r/min. Covers - common rail fuel injection system, fuel consumption, wastegate turbocharging, oil change intervals, SCR. See Doc.146051 (Diesel Progress International, Sep 2014, pp44-45.)



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MARINE PROPULSION 2014 PERSPECTIVE IN ASSOCIATION WITH MER An A-Z listing of Worldwide marine diesel engine manufacturers and their engine models including: ABC, Agco Sisu, Caterpillar Marine Power Systems, CRM Spa Motori Marini, Cummins, Daihatsu, Electro-Motive Diesel, GE Marine, Grenaa Motorfabrik AS, Dresser-Rand, Hanshin Diesel Works, Hyundai Heavy Industries, Isotta Fraschini Motori, John Deere, Kelvin Diesels, Makita Corporation, MAN, Matsui Iron Works, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Moteurs Baudouin, MTU, Niigata Power Systems, Rolls-Royce Marine, Scania, SEMT Pielstick, SKL Motoren, Volvo Penta, Wartsila, Yanmar. Lists principal engine data including model, cycle, cylinders, bore, stroke, mean piston speed, speed, output, BMEP, SFOC. Other directories include: Gas Turbine Directory, Turbocharger Directory (ABB Turbo Systems, MAN Diesel & Turbo, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Napier Turbochargers), Propeller Directory and Gearbox Directory. Also includes article on naval propulsion. See Doc.146086 (Special Supplement to MER, 2014, 32pp.)



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NVH

SIMULATION OF ENGINE POWERED, COUPLED DRIVE SYSTEMS Centa Antriebe and Wartsila By their nature, combustion engines deliver power in short pulses which create torsional vibrations and noise emissions both within the engine and the driven equipment. Centa Antriebe has addressed their attenuation with the innovative use of simulation software. This article is based on a paper presented at the recent Torsional Vibration symposium. Covers – driveline noise and vibration, couplings in engine driven systems, effect of misfire on torsionals, Abaqus modelling, rotational backlash, transfer function model, finite element modelling. See Doc.146004 (MTZ Industrial, 2014, No. 2, pp38-43.) FIRING SEQUENCE OPTIMISATION ON A V20 Liebherr As the number of possible engine firing sequences grows disproportionately with the number of cylinders, an efficient assessment of firing sequences becomes complex. Swiss engine builder Liebherr has investigated both torsional and non-torsional criteria on a 20-cylinder diesel engine design. This article is based on a paper presented at the recent Torsional Vibration Symposium. Covers – torsional vibration model, critical speed analysis, firing sequence and torsional dynamics, multi-criteria firing sequence optimisation, cranktrain mass moments, torsional stress and damper power loss, load cycle dynamics, main bearing load, generator dynamic torque and crankshaft free end vibration. See Doc.146006 (MTZ Industrial, 2014, No. 2, pp60-65.)



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GAS ENGINES

MARKETS AND REGULATIONS

Markets 2014 MARINE PROPULSION ORDER SURVEY - INCREASED ORDERS IN 2013 Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide’s Marine Propulsion Order Survey is part three of three surveys designed to provide details on the markets of large reciprocating engines, steam turbines and gas turbines used in power generation, mechanical drive and marine propulsion applications. The Marine Propulsion Order Survey includes drivers beginning at 500 kW (0.5 MW). New orders are broken into diesel-electric, mechanical drive and auxiliary generating set orders. Fuel types include diesel fuel, heavy fuel and natural gas. All data found in the survey was provided by participating OEMs. An accompanying table identifies those companies that participated in the 2014 survey. Shipbuilders around the world are breathing a collective sigh of relief at what appears to be the beginning of a market turnaround for an industry that has experienced five years of decline. The amount of new ship orders in 2013 saw considerable increase, resulting in growth on a global scale. This is good news for prime-mover manufacturers operating in the marine propulsion realm. Total units catalogued in this year’s survey equalled 12160 engines, a 37% increase compared to last year’s report. The Far East was once again the top geographic location (all reported driver types). With 7104 units destined for the Far East, the region claimed 58% of all orders last year. Europe is benefiting from a revival in the shipbuilding sector, primarily in new construction of specialty vessels such as offshore vessels, cruise ships, dredging vessels and tugs. Analysts quantify that European yards attracted approximately 50% more orders last year than in 2012. US shipyards enjoyed a surge of demand thanks to the country’s continued shale boom. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is directly affecting the global shipbuilding market. The race is on as shipyards try to increase their share of the growing market for LNG carriers. Building LNG carriers requires shipbuilders to have specialised technical skills to install tank linings. South Korean shipbuilders now dominate the market for the vessels, with 100 LNG tankers built by the nation’s yards since 2009, compared with 20 by Chinese firms and 13 by Japanese companies. Tables show - Mechanical Drive Marine Propulsion Orders January-December 2013, Marine Auxiliary Generating Set Orders January-December 2013, Diesel-Electric Marine Propulsion Orders January-December 2013, Combined Geographic Total – All Reported Driver Types. Graphs show - Marine Propulsion Order Survey 10-Year Comparison 2005-2014. See Doc.145999 (Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide, Jul/Aug 2014, pp38-41.)



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STATIONARY, OFF-HIGHWAY, MARINE, LOCOMOTIVE AND TOTAL ENERGY SYSTEMS

Engines and systems

MAN GAS ENGINE DEVELOPMENT MAN Diesel & Turbo Agenda: Supply and Infrastructure - Worldwide LNG Prices, Worldwide LNG Infrastructure & Availability, MAN Turbo & Diesel 4 Stroke Portfolio. Technical Trends - Peak Firing Pressures (medium speed), TC Efficiencies and Pressure Ratios. Drivers in Marine Business - Emission Advantages of Gas Engines, Customer Benefit of Dual Fuel Engines, Methane Slip, Total GHG Emissions, 51/60 DF Engine, Legislation - IMO Implementation Schedule, LNG as a Fuel for Large Container Ships. Examples for Power Business. Summary: Benefits: Power and Marine - Reduced CO2 emissions - Reasonable fuel prize - Safe and redundant operation - Excessive heat recovery possible Marine - No additional measures to reach NOx and SOx-limits - Will meet future IMO black carbon regulations - Helps for the EEDI Challenges: Power: upcoming grid codes Marine: Installation of storage equipment - Regulations not finally settled - Infrastructure and refuelling. See vCD 218 03 MAN Diesel & Turbo Ch. Poensgen.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May 2014, Day 1, 25pp.) TRENDS FOR FUTURE DRIVE SYSTEMS Rolls-Royce Agenda: Introduction / Framework - Environmental Challenges, Greenhouse gases (GHG), CO2, CH4, NOx/PM Regulation as of today, Emissions Regulation Forecast 2025. Fuel Trends - FVV Study: Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Liquid Fuels. Electrified Powertrains - Energy Storage Technologies, Li-Ion-based energy storage systems, Waste Heat Recovery. Trends for Off-Highway Applications - Hybrid Rail Propulsion, Application of Gas Engines, High Speed Gas Engines, Medium Speed Gas Engines, Waste heat recovery – continuous power / gas genset. Conclusion: Global emissions legislation will become even more stringent. Focus here will be on climate, environment and health. Complexity of `emission minimising technologies´ will rise. Attention will focus on fuels and system solutions. See vCD 218 04 Rolls-Royce Power Systems U. Dohle.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May 2014, Day 1, 20pp.)



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TECHNOLOGY TRENDS FOR WARTSILA GAS ENGINES Wartsila Looks at marine and land based applications. Covers - Historical development: W34SG case, fuel price development, Emission regulation (NO2), 2-stage turbocharging, Closed loop cylinder pressure control, Cylinder pressure control results, Wartsila 50 DF – Viking Grace. See vCD 218 05 Waertsilae K. Portin.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May 2014, Day 1, 24pp.) DRIVING CUSTOMER VALUE WITH NATURAL GAS ACROSS LARGE ENGINE MARKETS Caterpillar Covers - Natural Gas Engine Technologies including Spark-Ignition, Dual-Fuel (Dynamic Gas Blending), High Pressure Direct Injection (HPDI); New EP GAS Offering: G3516H, G20CM34 genset engine, Caterpillar Power Generation Systems, Caterpillar Gas Compression Engine Power Range (GCM34, G3600, G3500, G3400 and G3300), Dynamic Gas Blending, M46DF Dual Fuel Engine: 900 KW/cyl, Electro-Motive Diesel (EMD) Powering Rail/Marine with Dual Fuel EMD 710, Mining, LNG Off-Road Customer Value. See vCD 218 06 CAT S. Fiveland.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May 2014, Day 1, 26pp.) CURRENT DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES, ESP. FOR THE (MWM) ENGINE FAMILY TCG 2032 / CG260 Caterpillar Agenda: Company and product overview - MWM Genset families – overview (TCG 2020-V12/V16/V20, TCG 2016-V8/V12/V16, TCG 2032-V12/V16) TCG2032/CG260 engine concept - 4-stroke gas engine, Homogeneous lean burn combustion, Open chamber combustion, Turbocharging and Miller valve-timing, Controllable venturi-type gas mixer, 2-stage mixture cooling, Chamber spark plug, Cylinder selective knock control, Combustion temperature based NOx-control, Electronic engine and plant control Objectives of the TCG2032 EVOLUTION package - Robustness, Efficiency increase, Emission reduction, Power increase Results and new engine features - Composite steel piston, Revised gas mixer, Optimised mixture cooler, New combustion concept, Optimisation of combustion, Reduction of auto-ignition tendency, Increase of knock margin and reduction of auto-ignition, Increase of BMEP, efficiency and reduction of emissions, Results of GenSet tests New power plant concept for the TCG2032 (EVO) Summary and Outlook: TCG2032 Evolution is a robust engine with reduced auto-ignition tendency and increased knock margin. Less HC- and CO-emissions to fulfil future emission regulations without exhaust gas aftertreatment or smaller catalysts. Efficiency and power output improvement validated for additional customer’s needs and requirements. Basis for further power and efficiency increase as well as fuel flexibility (low methane numbers and MN fluctuations during operation). See vCD 218 08 CES W. Mueller.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May 2014, Day 1, 24pp.) NATURAL GAS FOR OFF-ROAD APPLICATIONS Westport Agenda: Westport Overview



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HPDI Technology - High Pressure Direct Injection - Pilot diesel injected just prior to natural gas to provide energy for auto-ignition of gas injection - Natural gas injected at high pressure at end of compression stroke (no pre-mixed air/fuel) Low diesel usage under all conditions - Average of ~5% diesel over vehicle operating cycle Diesel Engine Performance remains - Same high power and torque - Same or higher efficiency Robust combustion over wide range of fuel composition (no premixed air/fuel so no chance of detonation) Sustainable Development Technology Canada (SDTC) Locomotive Demo Program - SDTC HPDI System on EMD 710 Engine, Injectors, Common Rail System, Fuel Conditioning Module. Summary: The SDTC engine test results meet or exceed original goals, - Engine out emissions are all within Tier 3 standards, while GHG emissions meet the 20% or better target The SDTC demonstration will move toward locomotive testing - A High Pressure gas tender is in development CAT/EMD and Westport are fully engaged in collaborative development of HPDI systems for locomotives and Mine Trucks This activity is driven by the strong demand for cheaper, cleaner natural gas in off-road high-horsepower applications. See vCD 218 09 Westport D. Mumford.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May 2014, Day 1, 24pp.) HIGHER EFFICIENCY GAS ENGINES FOR WORLDWIDE POWER APPLICATIONS FROM JENBACH, AUSTRIA GE Distributed Power Contents: The Launch of GE Distributed Power GE Gas Engine Portfolio and Positioning The Approach - J920 FleXtra Engine Highlights: Best in class electrical efficiency ~10 MW gas engine with high electrical efficiency of 48.7%. High CHP efficiency - 2-stage turbocharging technology CHP total efficiency of >90%. 3 Module GenSet concept - Pre-fabricated and factory tested modules for reduced site installation work. Power plants - Single or multiple installation engine projects. Covers - J920 FleXtra design comparison (cross sections). See vCD 218 02 GE Jenbacher P. Frigge.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May 2014, Day 2, 21pp.) ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT OF NIIGATA MEDIUM-SPEED DUAL-FUEL AND GAS ENGINES WITH 1 TO 6 MW RANGE SUITABLE FOR MARINE PROPULSION AND POWER GENERATION Niigata Power Systems Covers - Trend of power generation in Japan, Diversification of a power generation plant operating and Customer support, Gas Fuel situation in Japan, Niigata engines meet IMO Tier III, Market Requirement - Emissions, Fuel Consumption, Reliability, Customer Support, Cost, Fuel Control, Secure of Electric Power, Interest to gas fuel ship, 28AGS series for power generation, Control system of 28AGS, AHX-DF for Marine Dual Fuel Engine, Combustion method and A/F control, Transient characteristic and knocking control under transient operation. Summary: 1. Power generation Gas Engine Niigata has been developing and supplying new 28AGS gas engines for power generating applications on land with a high level of economic efficiency and environmental friendliness. 8



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generator sets will be starting to generate power in this year. 2. Marine propulsion Dual Fuel Engine Niigata has been developing new marine gas engine with new combustion and control systems. New engine satisfied NOx emission for IMO Tier III with gas mode and Tier II with diesel mode. Transient performance comparable to diesel engine was achieved in gas mode of the developed engine with technique of air securement and knock reduction. Two engines will be delivered to ship yard at end of this year. This is the world’s first direct drive of FPP marine gear driven ship by LNG fuel. See vCD 218 04 NPS S. Goto.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May 2014, Day 2, 10pp.) DUAL FUEL ENGINE TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AVL Agenda: Age of natural gas - emissions regulations. Dual fuel combustion - dual-fuel conversion of medium speed engines, dual-fuel high speed engines. Tools and methods - large single cylinder engines, CFD cooling model. Technology, AVL R&D - pilot injector, controls and software, condition based monitoring. Conclusions: Gas fuel substitution on current Diesel engines, with engineering in gas admission, turbocharging, controls. Tier 4 high speed Dual Fuel engines operating at rated output on both Diesel and Gas are a challenging task. Tier4 key technologies are Diesel fuel systems, gas admission, knocking abatement, gas exchange and controls. Medium speed Dual Fuel marine engines will improve performance taking advantage of IMO3 Diesel engine technology. Medium speed Dual Fuel marine engines will continue to be rated output operational on both Diesel and gas fuels. Dual Fuel Engines, the gate to large scale gas fuel utilisation. See vCD 218 05 AVL A. Ludu.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May 2014, Day 2, 28pp.) DUAL FUEL FOR MEDIUM SPEED ENGINES IN TRANSPORTATION GE Transportation Covers - Locomotive anatomy, Freight energy consumption, Economic motivation for natural gas, Gas fuels for North American locos, Rail industry LNG supply chain, Requirements, Evo engine, Natural Gas Injection Technologies. See vCD 218 06 GE-T E. Hall.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May 2014, Day 2, 17pp.) J920 FLEXTRA GAS ENGINE FOR 60 HZ SEGMENT GE GE Power & Water's Distributed Power business has launched its 10 MW-class Jenbacher J920 FleXtra gas engine for the 60 Hz North American segment. "The 60 Hz J920 engine is ideally suited to provide utility and industrial customers with fast, reliable on-site power during demand periods and as more renewable energy is added to the grid," said Lorraine Bolsinger, president and CEO for GE Power & Water's Distributed Power business. "Our J920 FleXtra gas engines offer best-in-class electrical efficiency of up to 49% for 60 Hz in simple cycle, which approaches where a traditional combined-cycle plant can operate. This adds up to significant fuel savings over the life cycle of any plant." Covers - individual cylinder combustion control system, two-stage turbocharging system. See Doc.145952 (Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide, Jul/Aug 2014, pp18, 20 & 22.)



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GREEN(ER) SHIPPING WITH LNG Bergen Engines Covers - GHG reduction vs. fuel consumption, Bergen gas engine development, Hybrid propulsion – M/F Tresfjord, Marine mechanical drive key enablers. See vCD 218 08 Bergen Engines L.A. Skarbo.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May 2014, Day 2, 18pp.)



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ENGINE AND FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENS

FLEXIBILITY IN TURBOCHARGING - OPTIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES ABB Turbo System Flexibility in Turbocharging – Topics: Turbocharging Options - 2-stage Turbocharging - Variable Valve Timing Potential for Gas Engine Applications - Stationary EPG - Medium Speed Dual Fuel MARINE Propulsion - High Speed MARINE Propulsion Summary. Covers - Power2 Two-stage Turbocharging, VCM – Valve Control Management (cam-supported electro-hydraulic valve train). See vCD 218 07 ABB U. Gribi.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May 2014, Day 1, 24pp.)



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RESEARCH AND COMPUTER SIMULATION

Fuel/air mixing and combustion

DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-EFFICIENCY H35 GAS ENGINE AND H35 DUAL FUEL ENGINE Hyundai Heavy Industries Contents: Introduction of HiMSEN Engine - H17/21V, H17/28, H21/32, H25/33, H32/40, H32/40V, H46/60V, H17/24G, H35/40G, H35/40DF, H35/40GV. Optimisation for high efficiency. - Methane slip reduction - Flow optimisation (Intake port) - Combustion optimisation (Miller timing, pre-chamber, piston bowl of gas engine, micro pilot injector, main injector) Summary: The methane slip could be reduced by the optimisation of the gas supply timing and pressure, and the minimisation of the crevice volumes. To improve the efficiency of the gas engine at the same NOx level, the advance of the ignition timing and low EQR were needed. Slower combustion made it possible within the knock and Pmax limitation. The operation with the advanced pilot injection timing and minimum pilot fuel mass was the best for the high efficiency of the gas operation of the dual fuel engine. The engine efficiency could be improved by the optimisation of combustion systems. See vCD 218 10 HHI Y.S.Lee.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May 2014, Day 1, 27pp.) STUDY OF THE EARLY FLAME DEVELOPMENT IN A SPARK-IGNITED LEAN BURN FOUR-STROKE LARGE BORE GAS ENGINE BY FUEL TRACER PLIF Lund University and Wartsila In this work the pre- to main chamber ignition process is studied in a Wartsila 34SG spark-ignited lean burn four-stroke large bore optical engine (bore 340mm) operating on natural gas. Unburnt and burnt gas regions in planar cross-sections of the combustion chamber are identified by means of planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) from acetone seeded to the fuel. The emerging jets from the pre-chamber, the ignition process and early flame propagation are studied. Measurements reveal the presence of a significant temporal delay between the occurrence of a pressure difference across the pre-chamber holes and the appearance of hot burnt/burning gases at the nozzle exit. Variations in the delay affect the combustion timing and duration. The combustion rate in the pre-chamber does not influence the jet propagation speed, although it still has an effect on the overall combustion duration. PLIF images also show that there is mainly lean unburnt gas, originating from the main-chamber, that exit the pre-chamber in the initial phase of ignition, indicating incomplete mixing of the gases in the pre-chamber prior ignition. These findings are also supported by CFD modelling performed on the Wartsila 34SG combustion system. Similar to the air entrainment in a diesel spray, the jets exiting the pre-chamber causes pronounced entrainment of compressed fresh charges into the burning jets, thus promoting heat transfer and subsequent ignition. See SAE 2014-01-1330 (2014, 9pp.)



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CONTROL AND ELECTRONICS

APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Power generation THE LARGEST RECIP-BASED POWER PLANTS WORLDWIDE Gives details of the 10 largest reciprocating engine-based power plants in the world by capacity: 1. Aratu, Salvador, Brazil. 1056 MW 2. IPP3, Jordan. 573 MW 3. Quisqueya I+II, Dominican Republic. 430 MW 4. Boyuk Shor, Azerbaijan. 384 MW 5. Suape II, Brazil. 380 MW 6. Geramar I+II. 332 MW 7. Sangachal, Azerbaijan. 298.8 MW 8. Coloane A, China. 271.4 MW 9. Aliaga Alosbi I+II, Turkey. 270.6 MW 10. Pavana III, Honduras. 267.2 MW. Table shows - Facilities of 80 MW or more, operating or under construction. See Doc.145951 (Modern Power Systems, Feb 2014, pp18-21.)



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FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

APPLICATIONS OF FUELS

Marine TRANSPORTATION AND FUELS: LOOKING AHEAD AT THE FUTURE OF MARINE FUELS International Bunker Industry Association (IBIA) and LQM Petroleum Services The global marine fuel market is generally accepted to be about 250 million tonnes per annum (pa). Today’s marine fuel would be recognisable to those who bought, sold and used marine fuels for the past 70 years, except for new requirements a few years from now to reduce sulphur content. The storage and delivery logistics are fundamentally the same, and the worries, concerns and attitudes of the users are unchanged (chief engineers have always complained about poor quality fuel). Most of today’s market is for residual fuel categorised as ISO grade RMG380. Almost all oceangoing ships over 5000 deadweight tonnage (dwt) use this product as their main fuel grade. An increasing number of larger ships are now using heavier, more viscous fuels such as the RMK grade, that are proving to be more economic. The fraction of vessels that are fuelled with lighter residual fuels is decreasing; the ubiquitous ISO RME180 fuel (180 cSt grade) used by general cargo vessels of the 1970s has been largely replaced by the RMG380 grade for all but the most demanding engines. The demand for distillates, once heavily biased towards heavier diesel and blended diesel, is now concentrated on gas oil of ISO grade DMA. In January 2015, sulphur limits in ECAs will be mandated from 1.0% S down to 0.1% S. Besides managing the temperature at changeover, the operators must also manage the increase in distillate fuel costs and change the allocation of on-board storage to manage much higher volumes of distillate than were needed when the vessels were built. In Annex VI of the MARPOL Convention, the IMO requires that the global limit on marine fuel sulphur must be reduced from max 3.5% S to 0.5% S in 2020. At this time, this will effectively mean a switch from residual fuels to distillate fuels. Graph shows - Global demand for marine fuels by fuel grade, 2013–2030. Covers - alternative fuels - biodiesel and LNG. See Electronic Document 7019 (Concawe Review, Spring 2014, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp22-25.) LNG TO CRUISE INTO BIGGER MARKETS With increasingly strict ship emissions rules being introduced in 2016, both vessel builders and operators around the world face severe challenges to ensure they don't run afoul of the regulations. Emission Control Areas (ECA) regulations have come into force in the North Sea, the Baltic, North America and other regions where ships must meet further emissions limits. In ECAs, the sulphur limit in fuel is currently 1% and will be cut to 0.5% in 2016. Beyond ECAs, the sulphur limit falls to 0.5% by 2020 from today's 3.5%. Nitrous oxides (NOx) from vessels are also governed by strict International Maritime Organisation (IMO) rules. Such dramatic reductions have expanded the debate over which is the most suitable fuel for use in marine propulsion. Engine maker Rolls-Royce recent held a series of presentations and demonstrations to outline its view that liquefied natural gas (LNG) is the ideal fuel of choice for many types of vessels. The company said that LNG reduces emissions of sulphur oxides (SOx) and NOx, carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulates (PM) to meet IMO Tier 3 emissions regulations due to come into force in 2016. Covers - The Bergensfjord and The Stavangerfjord LNG-powered passenger ferries, the Borgoy and Bokn LNG-fuelled escort tugs. Rolls-Royce is keen to see the use of LNG in more applications and ship types. "We don't yet have any cruise vessels with LNG, and that's a high visibility market. To showcase this, we have made a design of a cruise ship fuelled by LNG: it would have four LNG tanks and then machinery based on pure gas engines."



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"Other applications for LNG could be the inland waterway segment, especially in the US. LNG hybrids, combining LNG with batteries, is also a possibility." See Doc.145956 (Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide, Jul/Aug 2014, pp42 & 44-45.)

Power generation CHINA TO REPLACE US AS DIESEL GENERATOR MARKET LEADER BY 2020 China is set to overtake the US as the global diesel generator set market leader, increasing its share from 26% in 2013 to 33% by 2020, says research and consulting firm GlobalData. The company’s latest report, Diesel generator market – global market size, equipment share and competitive analysis to 2020, states that while the US, China and India are currently the top diesel genset players, only China and India’s market shares will improve by the end of the forecast period See Doc.146000 (Modern Power Systems, Aug 2014, p30.)



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FUEL PRODUCTION

INTEGRATING GASIFIERS WITH GAS ENGINES FOR EFFICIENCY AND FLEXIBILITY Ebioss Energy Ebioss Energy of Spain is developing biomass and waste fuelled power plants in which GE Jenbacher gas engines are integrated with its EQTEC bubbling fluidised bed gasifiers. Among the benefits are higher efficiency and lower capex than a Rankine cycle plant of similar capacity, coupled with the ability to use a very wide range of fuels, including straw, wood chips and agricultural wastes, etc. A new 5 MW CHP facility employing the technology is under construction in Bulgaria, with a second identical unit planned, to be located on an adjoining site. The envisaged fuel is mainly straw and wood chips, with an anticipated moisture content of 10%. This is a challenging fuel for a plant of this type, requiring very tight integration between the gasifiers, which must produce relatively clean syngas, and the gas engines, which must be tolerant of non-standard fuel gas. The gasification process consists of essentially three stages. With arrival of the feedstock in the gasifier (via water-cooled electrically driven variable screw feed to control the mix by density) there is an initial drying process, in which water is removed with practically no chemical reactions. Then there is a pyrolysis stage in which the dried feedstock is decomposed, at temperatures above 300°C, into a mixture of solids (char), liquids (tars) and gases. Finally, at temperatures in the range 700-800°C, the char, tars and gases react with each other and the gasifying agent (air) to create a final gaseous mixture, mainly consisting of H2, CO, CO2, CH4, plus C2Hn, H2O, N2, residual tars and particulates. See Doc.145980 (Modern Power Systems, Aug 2014, pp26-27.)



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ECONOMIC ISSUES OF FUELS

Fuel reserves

OIL & GAS – RESOURCES AND CONSTRAINTS OMV Aktiengesellschaft Agenda: Resources and Reserves (Oil & Gas) Energy Demand Energy mix Constraints Summary: - No shortage of non-renewable energy resources in sight - Energy demand will increase, Efficiency is crucial - Meeting 450 ppm target seems not realistic - Different regional priorities: no "one size fits all solution" - The energy mix in 2050 will be still dominated by fossil-fuels. Covers - non-renewable energy resources, Global Reserves of Oil, Gas and Coal, energy demand growth moves to South Asia, EU Climate and Energy Targets 2020 and 2030 aim at 40% GHG-emissions reductions until 2030. See vCD 218 01 OmV W. Bohme.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May 2014, Day 1, 31pp.)



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FUEL SAFETY

SAFETY IN LNG OPERATION - EXPERIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND RULES DNV Contents: Legacy DNV experience - gas fuelled ships, “Glutra” – The first LNG fuelled passenger ferry, 48 LNG fuelled ships in operation worldwide, 53 confirmed LNG fuelled newbuilds (confirmed orderbook). LNG basics and main safety challenges - Basic properties of natural gas, Main focus areas for safely use of natural gas as fuel, Explosion risk. LNG storage - Tank arrangement. Gas piping - Piping to engine room. Engine room arrangement options Summary. See vCD 218 02 DNV GL Group Strom.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May 2014, Day 1, 31pp.)



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APPLICATIONS OF LUBRICANTS TO SPECIFIC ENGINES

Marine engines

COLD CORROSION CONFLICT The shift towards fuel efficiency over the past few years has created a new generation of engines –from manufacturers such as MAN and Wartsila. These engines tend to be longer stroke and focus on the creation of higher-pressure at lower loads to provide better efficiency. While the new technology provides an answer to the question of how to reduce fuel costs, it comes with a side effect: cold corrosion from the sulphuric acid produced within the cylinder liners. There are two ways in which cold corrosion can be tackled: either by a mechanical means of increasing the temperature within the cylinder liner (there is a gradient to cold corrosion within the cylinder with the section closer to the engine maintaining a higher temperature); or by using alkalinity to neutralise the acid While mechanical solutions are still in the pipeline (MAN has confirmed that it is working on a retrofìttable piece of kit that will prevent quick lowering of temperature in the cylinder), lubricant manufacturers have risen to the challenge with a variety of options for operators to choose from. These manufacturers fall in to two schools of thought - those that believe a higher base number (BN) in the lube is the solution and others that believe that the chemistry in their one-fits-all lubricants (considered mid-range with a BN of between 50 and 65) allows a more effective interaction between the base and the acid. The crux of the matter however is cylinder oil lubricant feed rates if using a low BN product, logic would demand that you would need a higher amount of lubricant in the cylinder to have more alkali to balance the acid. This would indicate that a higher feed rate would be called for, which raises the question of whether it is more effective to switch to a higher BN lube. MAN has made it clear that it recommends use of a high base lube for use with its new engines. There are three major players that recommend the use of mid-range lubes based on chemistry unique to their lube formulas: Shell, ExxonMobil and Total Lubmarine. Both Lukoil and Castrol are of the opinion that their high end lubes are the only suitable answer. Covers - Alexia technology, Castrol Cyltech 80 AW product, 100BN lube. See Doc.146017 (Marine Engineers Review, Jul/Aug 2013, pp14-19.)



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ALTERNATIVE POWERTRAINS

MARINE APPLICATIONS SELF EXCITED VIBRATION IN A SPECIALISED ELECTRIC PROPULSION SYSTEM Mokpo National Maritime University Starting with cruise ships and LNG carriers, electric propulsion systems are becoming popular as system designers seek to enhance operational flexibility, reduce noise emissions and closely match engine power produced to engine power demanded. Like all innovations, these systems present challenges in practical operation. This article is based on a paper presented at the recent Torsional Vibration Symposium. Covers – vibration and noise analysis, torsional, axial and structural vibrations, torsional and axial vibration, structural vibration and airborne noise. See vCD 207 22_Lee.pdf for full paper. See Doc.146005 (MTZ Industrial, 2014, No. 2, pp54-59.)



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FUEL ECONOMY AND CO2 REDUCTION

MARINE APPLICATIONS BREAKING THE ICE - HEINZMANN SUCCESSFULLY CARRIES OUT ITS FIRST COMMON RAIL INJECTION RETROFIT ON A MARINE PROPULSION ENGINE Heinzmann As purpose-built ships that navigate through ice-covered water, icebreakers need the power to push through sea ice in a typical push-pull motion. The Swedish Maritime Administration (SMA), which operates several icebreakers in the Baltic Sea, found that these frequent and fast load changes result in a relatively high fuel consumption and smoke value for many of these vessels. For this reason, the SMA contracted with engine management specialist Heinzmann for a retrofit project to upgrade the engines in its icebreaker fleet to common rail fuel injection. The project began with the retrofit of one engine on an icebreaker equipped with five Pielstick PC 2.2 propulsion engines, each generating 3.5 MW. All the engines are 40 years old and are utilized in parallel — from two to five engines — depending on the output requirement. The first engine was retrofitted and commissioned in December 2013. Hubert Kienzler, Heinzmann’s product manager – Common Rail systems, was responsible for the project and reported that the retrofit was carried out in 10 days and did not require major modifications to the engine itself. “We were surprised with the very good results on the smoke values,”Kienzler said. “The black smoke disappeared completely and, compared to the original hydraulic governor, we determined a much better transient behaviour. Results on the measurements of filter smoke number (FSN) have shown a reduction from 0.6 to 0.1 with the engine in full load, and from 1.0 to 0.3 in part load. ”Kienzler added that the NOx values in the exhaust gases, predictably, were not improved. “We expect the NOx values prescribed by IMO Tier 2 to be reached with an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system and no additional exhaust aftertreatment,” Kienzler said. The installation of an EGR system will be the next step for this first trial engine, the company said. The other important result of the common rail retrofit during field tests was a fuel savings of higher than 7% compared to the former operation. See Doc.145982 (Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide, Jul/Aug 2014, pp32-34.) ADVANCED CO2 EXHAUST HEAT RECOVERY FOR TOMORROW’S ENERGY-EFFICIENT SHIPS Increasing fuel costs and stricter emissions requirements in the marine industry are compelling owners and operators to re-evaluate the impacts and economics of ship power plants. These trends set the stage for expanded use of energy efficient technologies on commercial and military vessels. One promising solution is exhaust heat recovery (EHR) using carbon dioxide (CO2) as the working fluid. This technology offers the desired benefits of increased fuel efficiency coupled with marine-friendly features such as compactness and low maintenance requirements. Using similar thermodynamic cycle principles that have been in practice for over 100 years — but replacing traditionally used steam with CO2 — these systems improve upon the many benefits of a proven technology. In the commercial marine segment, the most prevalent marine prime mover type is the low-speed diesel (LSD), followed by medium-speed diesel (MSD) engine, and gas turbines (GTs). LSD engines have the highest fuel efficiency of any engine type (close to 50%), but also have the lowest amount of heat lost to the exhaust. The two diesel types have similar heat balances; the LSD has slightly higher efficiency, resulting in lower exhaust heat energy. Both engines lose about 25% of their heat through various other means, charge air cooling being the most significant. The gas turbine, on the other hand, has the lowest efficiency and loses almost all of its remaining heat through the exhaust. The addition of heat recovery effectively levels the combined system efficiency of the three engine types to within a few percentage points. Ship designers can take advantage of some of the inherent advantages of gas turbines (reduced maintenance, reduced vibrations, improved emissions, etc.)



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without having to sacrifice the efficiency that comes with diesels. Within the commercial sector, both the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have imposed restrictive limits on sulphur oxide (SOx) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions through the implementation of Emissions Control Areas (ECAs). Sulphur oxide emissions limits will eventually apply worldwide, according to the current plan. Covers - exhaust scrubbers, electric-drive or hybrid propulsion, CO2 based Rankine Cycle technology. See Doc.145995 (Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide, Jul/Aug 2014, pp28-31.)



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CONFERENCE LIST CONFERENCE - ADVANCED FUELS FOR SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY Nurburg, Germany Haus der Technik FEV 4-5 Nov 2014 Fuels for a sustainable mobility – this is a vital challenge for the automotive industry and for the fuel and refining industry. Advanced engine technologies and fuel formulations must jointly contribute to achieve future CO2 emission targets and to ensure long term availability of economic fuel. Topics:

General: - Global and national fuel scenarios - CO2 reduction – requirements and realization paths - Technologies for future mobility

Passenger Cars: - CNG/LPG - Flex Fuel E100 - Ethanol E10 – E85 - B07 Diesel and beyond - Synthetic fuels (GTL) - Tailor-made bio-fuels

Heavy Duty & Large Engines: - CNG/LNG - Dual Fuel - Synthetic fuels (GTL) - Tailor-made bio-fuels.

Website: http://www.hdt-essen.de/#4 1ST LNG WORLD SHIPPING CONFERENCE London, UK Riviera 4-5 Nov 2014 This conference is one of the first events to look at the technical challenges of the ship/shore interface. 7 content rich sessions: LNG fleet and project developments; Ship/shore interface operations; FSRUs and FLNGs; Small-scale LNG; Safety, security, manning and training; Vessel newbuilds, design and technology; The ship/shore impact on contractual and insurance obligations. Website: http://www.rivieramm.com/events/lng-world-shipping-conference-2014-62/event-home-783 FUTURE FUELS FOR SHIPPING SEMINAR London, UK Informa Lloyd's Maritime Academy 17-18 Nov 2014 Find out about the prospects for development of different marine solutions such as:

http://www.hdt-essen.de/#4

http://www.rivieramm.com/events/lng-world-shipping-conference-2014-62/event-home-783

http://www.rivieramm.com/events/lng-world-shipping-conference-2014-62/event-home-783



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Methanol

Glycerol

Biofuel

Hydrogen

Solar

Nuclear

Batteries. Case Studies on Clean Fuel Solutions Hydogen as a Marine Fuel: Hear Auriga Energy discuss the Hydrogenesis Ferry, the UK’s first hydrogen powered ferry. Wind Hybrid Vessels: Lade AS will discuss the project developments for a hybrid merchant vessel for sustainable sea transport, powered by the wind and LNG. The Role of Regulation and its Impact on the Maritime Industry: Find out how the industry is responding to environmental regulations and which fuels will be powering the next generation of vessels. Website: https://www.informaglobalevents.com/event/future-fuels-for-shipping/booking/form/4271 HEAVY-DUTY, ON- AND OFF-HIGHWAY ENGINES 2014 - 9TH INTERNATIONAL MTZ CONFERENCE Saarbrucken, Germany MTZ Ricardo 18-19 Nov 2014 Maximising engine efficiency while complying with strict worldwide emissions standards will continue to be at the top of the agenda for the manufacturers of heavy-duty on- and off-highway engines when it comes to developing new powertrains. These demanding objectives not only require the optimisation of existing systems but also the development of constantly new technical solutions. The conference focuses, among other things, on innovations in fuel injection, combustion processes, concepts for in-cylinder and external emission reduction and energy management. The conference presents current and future developments in heavy diesel and gas engines as well as alternative drive systems for different applications. It is an essential platform for an international exchange of ideas and experience between experts in the field of industrial and commercial vehicle engines. Topics:

New diesel, gas and dual-fuel engines for commercial vehicles, mobile machines and marine and stationary applications

- Low-emission and fuel-efficient powertrains - Engine and component development - Utilisation of exhaust heat

Combustion processes - Mixture formation - Combustion process - Measuring and analysis systems, simulation

Emissions control - In-cylinder optimisation - Exhaust aftertreatment systems

Alternative fuels and powertrains - The fuels of the future - Hybridisation

Turbocharging, fuel injection and gas injection - Turbocharging concepts - Liquid fuel injection systems and components - Gas injection systems and components

https://www.informaglobalevents.com/event/future-fuels-for-shipping/booking/form/4271



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Engine and system optimisation - Mechanical optimisation, friction reduction, drive system - Engine management - Development methods.

Website - http://www.atzlive.de/index.php;do=show/sid=sgcqpfel8jl6auaepp4pp90a21/site=atz/lng=en/alloc=333/id=735 5TH SHIP PROPULSION SYSTEMS CONFERENCE London, UK IMarEST 25-26 Nov 2014 http://www.imarest.org/OurEvents/EventListings.aspx POWER-GEN INTERNATIONAL 2014 Orlando, FL, USA Pennwell Corporation 9-11 Dec 2014 The exhibitors are the major suppliers of power generation products, services and technology, including a strong engine and engine-powered gen-set contigent along with controls and other system components. Website: http://www.power-gen.com/index/future-event-dates.html RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD CONFERENCE & EXPO NORTH AMERICA Orlando, Florida, USA PennWell 9-11 Dec 2014 Topics include:

Interconnection and integration issues

Project development and financing

Manufacturing technologies

Wind

Solar

Biomass & biofuels

Hydro

Geothermal

Ocean / tidal / wave

Waste-to-energy

Energy storage

Hydrogen and fuel cell

Renewable portfolio standards

Green power programs

Green power marketing

Federal, state and local incentive programs

Renewable energy credits and certificates

Permitting opportunities and challenges

National security implications

http://www.atzlive.de/index.php;do=show/sid=sgcqpfel8jl6auaepp4pp90a21/site=atz/lng=en/alloc=333/id=735

http://www.atzlive.de/index.php;do=show/sid=sgcqpfel8jl6auaepp4pp90a21/site=atz/lng=en/alloc=333/id=735

http://www.imarest.org/OurEvents/EventListings.aspx

http://www.power-gen.com/index/future-event-dates.html



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International opportunities and challenges

End-use applications

Utility and large-scale power providers

Commercial and industrial development

Distributed generation. Website: http://www.renewableenergyworld-events.com/index.html LNG FUEL FORUM MIDDLE EAST CONFERENCE Dubai, United Arab Emirates Informa 10-11 Dec 2014 Assessing the commercial and technical viability of LNG as fuel for ships in the Middle East. Website: http://www.informamaritimeevents.com/event/lng-fuel-forum-middle-east-conference LNG BUNKERING SUMMIT 2015 Amsterdam, The Netherlands IQPC 27-28 Jan 2015 As 2015 nears, the shipping industry is faced with adhering to strict regulations on sulphur emissions. The Emissions Control Area, comprising the Baltic and North Seas along with the English Channel, will see the fuel sulphur limit fall to just 0.1%. LNG offers one of the most prominent solutions, reducing sulphur oxide, nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide emissions while being economically feasible. With ports and ship operators agreeing that LNG is the most plausible solution to meet upcoming sulphur emission standards, the question is who will jump first. The past year has seen crucial developments on both fronts. From July 1st inland shipping can officially bunker with LNG in the Seinehaven, in Rotterdam Botlek, which is a first for Europe. Recent months have also witnessed an increased global interest from ship operators. In June, contracts for building the first LNG-fuelled ferry for domestic Danish trade were signed, a significant milestone as the ship will be the first LNG-fuelled ferry designed for domestic trade in the European Union. With ports and ship operators making significant progress, it is clear that a unified approach is the way forward. Website: http://www.lngbunkeringsummit.com/ WORLD LNG FUELS 2015 Houston, Texas, USA Zeus Development Corporation 2-4 Feb 2015 More than ever before, LNG has the opportunity to capture high-horsepower markets as fleets of trucks, ships, locomotives, power units and stationary applications search for low-cost, clean, secure fuel. Barriers to market entry appear to be falling one after another as industry participants race to build out the required liquefaction and logistics infrastructure. Participants will learn of:

The status of LNG’s advancement into an unprecedented number of fleets

New bunker tank designs, rail tender designs.

Breaking bulk at mega export projects to serve LNG fuel markets.

LNG's progress in capturing drilling, fracturing and heavy-haul OFS markets.

http://www.renewableenergyworld-events.com/index.html

http://www.informamaritimeevents.com/event/lng-fuel-forum-middle-east-conference

http://www.lngbunkeringsummit.com/



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Expansion of fuel delivery insfrastructure, including new public, private station networks.

Efforts by railroads not only to consume LNG, but liquefy and transport the fuel.

Updates on efforts to rectify U.S. federal excise tax for highway fleets.

The latest on the Texas Clean Energy Triangle.

In-depth China review.

U.S. Coast Guard efforts to establish critical codes and guidelines.

Contenders in the competition to lead each market vertical: oil and gas, marine, highway trucking, rail, mining and industry power.

New entrants, customers, suppliers, partners, competitors.

Case studies of efforts to establish new markets, like agriculture.

The latest capabilities and demarcation between CNG and LNG.

The latest efforts to distribute LNG via intermodal containers.

New engine technologies, onboard fuel delivery systems.

Lessons learned from early mine demonstration projects.

Investment and alliance opportunities.

Stretching the capacities of shop-fabricated tanks to new records. Website: http://www.worldlngfuels.com/ 6TH INTERNATIONAL LNG SHIPPING CONFERENCE 2015 London, UK Informa Maritime Events 5-6 Feb 2015 Essential global industry analysis on the key issues to understand challenges to overcome and opportunities to utilise including:

Latest insight on the global LNG shipping fleet

Crucial drivers impacting global shipping routes

Future trends in the LNG chartering market

Developments in finance trends and options for fleet expansion

New opportunities and regions to maximise the LNG fleet

Operational and design methods to optimise LNG fleet efficiency

Strategies to overcome the crew challenge. Website: http://www.informamaritimeevents.com/event/LNG-Shipping-Conference C1409 - FUEL SYSTEMS FOR IC ENGINES London, UK IMechE 10 Mar 2015 The automotive industry must continue to meet the demands of the modern environmental agenda. To excel, manufacturers must research and develop fuel systems that guarantee the best engine performance, ensuring minimal emissions and maximum fuel economy. The next conference in this successful series on fuel injection systems for internal combustion engines will focus on the latest technology for state-of-the-art system design, characterisation, measurement, and modelling, addressing all technological aspects of diesel and gasoline fuel injection systems. This will range from fundamental fuel spray theory, component design, to effects on engine performance, fuel economy and emissions. Topics:

Fuel injection component design, both diesel and gasoline

Effects of fuel injection system on spray formation and propagation

Effects of fuel injection system on engine performance and emissions

http://www.worldlngfuels.com/

http://www.informamaritimeevents.com/event/LNG-Shipping-Conference



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Calibration and optimisation

System integration

Fuel system measuring techniques, development and manufacturing

Engine and vehicle controls

General modelling methods for dynamic performance prediction, especially in high-pressure fluids and multiphase regimes

CFD applied to FIE and fuel air mixing

Large engine fuel injection systems

Fuel filtration

Diagnostics and service experience

Exhaust/After-treatment injection systems

Fuel formulation for achieving optimum injection

Low lubricity fuels. Website: http://events.imeche.org/EventView.aspx?EventID=2323 F+L WEEK 2015 CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION - THEME - "THRIVING IN A VOLATILE, UNCERTAIN, COMPLEX & AMBIGUOUS (VUCA) ENVIRONMENT: LESSONS FROM THE MARKET LEADERS" Singapore F&L Asia 10-13 Mar 2015 Topics:

Automotive

Motorcycle

Heavy Duty

Stationary Engines

Industrial & Specialties

Metalworking /Metalforming

Lubricating Greases

Lubricating Base Oils

Transport Fuels. Website - http://fuelsandlubes.com/conference/call-for-papers 12TH ANNUAL GREEN SHIP TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE - GST 2015 Copenhagen, Denmark Informa Maritime Events 11-12 Mar 2015 Topics:

International environmental regulations affecting shipping

Environmentally sustainable ship design and hydrodynamics

Fuel management and energy efficiency

Life cycle management and sustainable shipping

Developments in reducing carbon emissions

Ballast water treatment technology

Wastewater management systems

Developments in engine and propulsion technology

Technology for reducing air emissions

Case studies from shipowners and operators for projects under development, in production or where lessons have been learnt

http://events.imeche.org/EventView.aspx?EventID=2323

http://fuelsandlubes.com/conference/call-for-papers



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Environmental management systems

Oily water treatment systems

Hull biofouling and antifouling technology

Environmental developments in ports and terminals

Reducing emissions and saving energy in port

Crew training and the human factor in environmental responsibility

Corporate social responsibility and sustainability programmes

LNG as a fuel for ships

Ship performance monitoring

Retrofitting for new technology

Monitoring, reporting and verification

Developments in alternative power sources. Website: http://www.informamaritimeevents.com/event/greenshiptechnology INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION OF RAIL TECHNOLOGY RAIL-TECH 2015 Amersfoort, The Netherlands EUROPOINT Conferences & Exhibitions 17-19 Mar 2015 Website: www.rail-tech.com LNG FUEL FORUM NORTH AMERICA 2015 Miami, Florida, USA Informa Maritime Events 18-19 Mar 2015 Hear from industry leaders from across the LNG bunker fuel supply chain on key topics and latest developments impacting LNG as a fuel in the USA and Canada. Website: http://www.informamaritimeevents.com/event/LNGNA ASME 2015 JOINT RAIL CONFERENCE San Jose, California, USA ASME 23-26 Mar 2015 Website: http://calendar.asme.org/EventDetail.cfm?EventID=28060 7TH EUROPEAN COMBUSTION MEETING (ECM2015) Budapest, Hungary Combustion Institute 30 Mar-2 Apr 2015 The European Combustion Meetings cover all aspects of combustion science and technology, including fundamental physical and chemical aspects of traditional and novel fuel sources, modelling, reaction kinetics, industrial systems, gas turbine and engine systems, fires, combustion diagnostics, laminar and turbulent flames, burner systems, environmental impact and their mitigation, oxyfuel combustion, boilers and fluidised bed combustors, etc. Website: http://www.ecm2015.hu/index.php/invitation/

http://www.informamaritimeevents.com/event/greenshiptechnology

http://www.rail-tech.com/

http://www.informamaritimeevents.com/event/LNGNA

http://calendar.asme.org/EventDetail.cfm?EventID=28060

http://www.ecm2015.hu/index.php/invitation/



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LNG AND CNG FOR TRANSPORT FORUM - INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND PRICING MECHANISMS FOR LNG AND CNG IN LAND AND MARINE TRANSPORT London, UK Informa 8-9 Apr 2015 Infrastructure development and pricing mechanisms for LNG and CNG in land and marine transport. Website: http://www.ibcenergy.com/event/lng-fuel-transport-forum FLAME 2015 - THE 21ST ANNUAL FLAME CONFERENCE - THE EUROPEAN MEETING PLACE FOR THE GLOBAL GAS AND LNG COMMUNITY Amsterdam, The Netherlands icbi 13-16 Apr 2015 Annual themes include supply security, geopolitics, gas trading, pricing, infrastructure, investing, storage, LNG, the third package. Website - www.icbi-flame.com 8TH ANNUAL MARINE PROPULSION & AUXILIARY MACHINERY CONFERENCE 2015 London, UK Riviera Maritime Media 15-16 Apr 2015 The Annual Marine Propulsion Conference really addresses the operational challenges facing ship operators today. Designed by industry for industry, the innovative event format makes it must attend for anyone whose business involves marine propulsion. Website - http://www.rivieramm.com/events/the-annual-marine-propulsion-conference-and-awards-2015-79/event-home-2094 11TH INTEGER EMISSIONS SUMMIT EUROPE 2015 Dusseldorf, Germany Integer-Research 9-11 Jun 2015 Building on the success of the 2014 conference, the summit will once again feature dedicated streams examining diesel emissions legislation and emissions reduction technologies for:

Heavy-duty commercial vehicles

Non-road mobile machinery

Marine vessels

Light-duty vehicles and passenger cars

AdBlue. Website: http://www.integer-research.com/dec-europe-2015/

http://www.ibcenergy.com/event/lng-fuel-transport-forum

http://www.icbi-flame.com/

http://www.rivieramm.com/events/the-annual-marine-propulsion-conference-and-awards-2015-79/event-home-2094

http://www.rivieramm.com/events/the-annual-marine-propulsion-conference-and-awards-2015-79/event-home-2094

http://www.integer-research.com/dec-europe-2015/



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POWER-GEN EUROPE Amsterdam, The Netherlands Pennwell 9-11 Jun 2015 Themes include:

Strategies for a Power Sector in Transition

Decarbonation and Energy Efficiency

Gas Fired Generation

Advanced & Flexible Steam Power Plants

Electrical Equipment, Machines & Automation Systems

Plant Optimization and Maintenance

Nuclear Power Generation.

Renewable Energy Strategy and Business

Integrating and Rebuilding Europe’s Power Supply. Website - http://www.powergeneurope.com ASME TURBO EXPO 2015 Montreal, Canada ASME 15-19 Jun 2015 Now in its 60th year, ASME Turbo Expo is recognised as the must-attend event for turbomachinery professionals. The technical conference has a well-earned reputation for bringing together the best and brightest experts from around the world to share the latest in turbine technology, research, development, and application in the following topic areas: gas turbines, steam turbines, wind turbines, fans & blowers, Rankine cycle, and supercritical CO2. Turbo Expo offers unrivalled networking opportunities with a dedicated and diverse trade show floor. The 3-day exhibition attracts the industry's leading professionals and key decision makers, whose innovation and expertise are helping to shape the future of the turbomachinery industry. Topics include:

Aircraft Engine

Ceramics

Coal, Biomass & Alternative Fuels

Combustion, Fuels & Emissions

Controls, Diagnostics & Instrumentation

Cycle Innovations

Electric Power

Fans & Blowers

Heat Transfer:

Industrial & Cogeneration

Manufacturing Materials & Metallurgy

Marine

Microturbines, Turbochargers & Small Turbomachines

Oil & Gas Applications

Steam Turbines

Structures & Dynamics

Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles

Turbomachinery

Wind Energy Website - http://www.asmeconferences.org/TE2015/index.cfm

http://www.powergeneurope.com/

http://www.asmeconferences.org/TE2015/index.cfm



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ELECTRIC & HYBRID MARINE MAINTENANCE EXPO 2015 Amsterdam, The Netherlands UKIP Media & Events 23-25 Jun 2015 Electric & Hybrid Marine World Expo is dedicated solely to showcasing the very latest and next-generation electric and hybrid marine propulsion technologies, components and solutions. Topics include:

Electric/hybrid vessel design and build

Engine and propulsion systems

Powertrain control and design

Smart energy management

Energy storage

Energy and heat recovery systems

Modelling and simulation

Vessel owners' perspectives and case studies

Genset efficiency

Battery safety

Battery integration and charging technologies

Fuel cell and supercapacitor technologies

Efficiency gains and operating costs

Capex v Opex analyses for electric and hybrid vessels

Vessel electrification via hybrid-electric propulsion

Fuel consumption

Emissions reductions

Hybrid system design and engineering

Marine e-propulsion including sail/solar

Electric motors

Emissions reduction and regulatory compliance

Operational profile case studies. Website: http://www.electricandhybridmarineworldexpo.com/ RAILWAY ENGINEERING - 2015 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION London, UK ECS Publications 1-2 Jul 2015 Topics:

Permanent Way, Rail Maintenance, Signalling & Electrification - High Speed Rail Issues - Assets - Management - Track - Sleepers & Ties - Switches & Crossings - Railway Geotechnics - Light Rail – Tram Systems - Wheel-Rail Contact - Electrification & Lighting - Safety Integrity Levels (SILs) - Heavy Haul Issues - Case Studies

http://www.electricandhybridmarineworldexpo.com/



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Rolling Stock & Railway Aerodynamics - Railway Operation - Signalling - Rolling Stock & Rail - Railway Aerodynamics

Railway Structures & Earthworks - Assets - Bridge Dynamics & Repair - Retaining Walls - Tunnels - Earthworks - Foundation solutions - Heavy Haul issues - Contamination Clean-up - Station Renewal - Safety & Access Issues - Case Studies.

http://www.railwayengineering.com/Rail-Eng-2015-Call-for-Papers-1-2-July%202015.pdf

http://www.railwayengineering.com/Rail-Eng-2015-Call-for-Papers-1-2-July%202015.pdf

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