large list of names, actions, origins.doc

7/27/2019 LARGE LIST OF NAMES, ACTIONS, ORIGINS.doc

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Muscles of Facial Expression

ACTION ORIGIN INSERTION

Buccinator Compresses cheek (as in

sucking)

Molar alveolar region of mandible

and maxilla

Orbicularis oris

Orbicularis oris Squeezes closed and protrudeslips (as in kissing)

Maxilla and mandible aroundmouth

Muscles and skin of lips

Zygomaticus major Draws angle mouth up (as insmile)

Zygomatic bone Skin and muscle at corners of mouth

Frontalis Raise eyebrow, wrinkle forehead Galea aponeurotica (scalp tendon) Skin of eyebrows

Orbicularis oculi Squeezes eye closed (as insquinting)

Frontal bone on medial wall oforbit

Eyelids

Platysma Pulls lower lip down (as in

frowning)

Fascia of pectoralis Mandible, skin of lower face

Muscles of Mastication


Masseter Elevates mandible (as in closingmouth)

Zygomatic arch and bone Mandible ramus and angle

Temporalis Elevates mandible Temporal, frontal, parietal bones Coronoid process of mandible

Muscles that act on Neck (to move head)


Sternocleidomastoid Flexes neck (as in cocking headto one side, or flex down if both)

Manubrium, clavicle (medial third) Mastoid process of temporalbone

Splenius capitis(posterior)

Extends or hyperextends neck(as if looking up)

C7-T3 (spinous process) Mastoid process of temporalbone


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Muscles that act on Shoulder (to move the arm)


Deltoid (anterior) Flexion and medial rotation ofhumerus at shoulder

Clavicle Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Deltoid (middle) Abducts humerus at shoulder (asin upward flap)

Acromion Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Deltoid (posterior) Extension and lateral rotation ofhumerus at shoulder

Scapular spine Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Pectoralis major Flexion, adduction, medialrotation of humerus at shoulder(as in bench press)

Sternum to rib 7Medial half of clavicle

Intertubercular groove ofhumerus

Latissimus dorsi Extends, adducts, mediallyrotates humerus at shoulder(pulls down)

T7-L5, ribs 10-12, iliac crest Intertubercular groove ofhumerus(muscle travels under axillaryregion)

Rotator Cuff Muscles (ALL these small muscles help to keep head of humerussnug in glenoid fossa)ACTION ORIGIN INSERTION

Subscapularis Medially rotates humerus atshoulder

Subscapular fossa of scapula Lesser tubercle of humerus

Supraspinatus ABducts and laterally rotateshumerus at shoulder

Supraspinous fossa of scapula Superior part of greatertubercle of humerus

Infraspinatus Laterally rotates humerus atshoulder

Infraspinous fossa of scapula Posterior greater tubercle ofhumerus

Teres minor Adducts and laterally rotatehumerus at shoulder Lateral border of scapula Inferior greater tubercle of humerus

Muscles that act on Scapula (to move shoulder)ACTION ORIGIN INSERTION

Levator scapulae Elevates, adducts (retracts)scapula (as in bringing shoulderup/in to ear)

Transverse processes C1-C4 Medial border of scapula,superior to spine

Rhomboideus major Adducts (retracts) scapula (as inpulling shoulders back and up)

T2-T5 spinous processes Medial border of scapula

Serratus anterior Abducts scapula (to raise armand pull shoulder forward, as inpunching)

Ribs 1-9 Anterior surface of vertebralborder of scapula

Trapezius (upper) Elevates scapula (as in Occipital bone, C1-C7 spinous Lateral 1/3 clavicle and


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shrugging) processes acromion processTrapezius (middle) Retracts and elevates scapula (as

in pulling shoulders back and up)T1-T5 spinous processes Spine of scapula

Trapezius (lower) Retracts and depresses scapula(as in pulling shoulders back anddown)

Spinous process T6-T12 Medial 1/3 of scapula spine

Muscles that act on the Elbow (to move the forearm)

ACTION ORIGIN INSERTIONBrachialis Flexes elbow (as in raising

forearm)Anterior distal shaft of humerus Coronoid process of ulna

Brachioradialis Flexes elbow (as in raisingforearm)

Lateral supracondylar ridge of distalhumerus

Styloid process of radius

Pronator teres Pronates forearm at elbow (as intwisting forearm toward body)

Medial epicondyle of humerus,coronoid process of ulna

Lateral midshaft of radius

Biceps brachii Flexes elbow, supinates forearm Long supraglenoid tubercle ofscapula

Short coracoid process of scapula

Radial tuberosity

Triceps brachii Extends forearm at elbow (longhead also stabilizes shoulder)

Long: infraglenoid tubercle ofscapulaLateral: posterior proximal shaft ofhumerusMedial: posterior distal shaft ofhumerus

Olecranon of ulna

Muscles that act on Wrist (to move hand)


Extensor carpi radialisbrevis Extends wrist, radially deviateswrist (aBduction) Lateral epicondyle of humerus Metacarpal III (base)

Extensor carpi ulnaris Extends wrist, ulnar deviateswrist (aDduction)

Lateral epicondyle of humerus,posterior shaft of ulna

Metacarpal V (base)

Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexes wrist, ulnar deviates wrist(aDduction)

Medial epicondyle of humerus Pisiform, hamate, metacarpalV (base)

Flexor carpi radialis Flexes wrist, radially deviateswrist(aBduction)

Medial epicondyle of humerus Metacarpals II and III (base)

Extensor digitorum Extends digits of hand and wrist Lateral epicondyle of humerus Dorsal aspect of phalanges II-V


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Muscles of Breathing


External intercostals Pulls ribs up toward origin,elevate ribcage to causeinspiration

Inferior border rib above Superior borders rib below

Internal intercostals Pulls ribs down towards origin,

depress ribcage to causeexpiration

Superior border rib below

(note: different from A&PFLIX)

Inferior border rib above

(note: different from A&PFLIX)

Diaphragm Diaphragm drops down toenlarge thoracic cavity, causinginspiration

Xiphoid process, ribs 10-12, costalcartilage 5-9, lumbar vertebrae

Central tendon (in center ofthe disc shaped muscle)

Muscles that act on Vertebral Column


Spinalis thoracis Unilaterally: lateral flexionvertebral col.

Bilaterally: extension andhyperextension of vertebralcolumn

T11-L2 T1-T6

Rectus abdominis Compresses abdomen, flexesvertebral column

Pubis crest and symphysis Xiphoid process, costalcartilage 5-7

Muscles that act at Hip (to move leg)ACTION ORIGIN INSERTION

Gluteus maximus Extends hip (as in pushing downon a stair), rotates femur laterally

Ilium, sacrum, coccyx Gluteal tuberosity of femur

Adductor magnus Extends hip and adducts femur Ischial and pubic rami Linea aspera of femur

Tensor fasciae latae (tenses or stabilizes hip and kneejoints)

Iliac crest near anterior superiorspine

Lateral condyle of tibia

Adductor longus Flexes hip, adducts femur Pubis Linea aspera (shorter insertionthan magnus)

Psoas major Flexes hip Vertebral bodies T12-L5 Lesser trochanter of femur

Gracilis Adducts thigh, flexes knee Pubis Medial aspect of proximal tibia


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Pectineus Adducts, flexes, medially rotatesthigh at hip

Pubis and pubic ramus From lesser trochanter tosuperior part of linea aspera offemur

Sartorius Flexes hip and flexes knee,laterally rotates thigh (crosslegged position)

Anterior superior iliac spine Medial aspect of tibial tuberosity

Muscles that Flex Knee (hamstrings work as a group, as when preparing to kick a ball)ACTION ORIGIN INSERTION

Biceps femoris Flexes and laterally rotates knee,extends and adducts hip

Long head: Ischial tuberosityShort head: Posterior mid-shaft offemur

Head of fibula

Semimembranosus Flexes knee Ischial tuberosity Posterior medial condyle of tibia

Semitendinosus Flexes knee Ischial tuberosity Medial surface of proximal tibia(slightly anterior to insertion ofsemimembranosus

Muscles that Extend Knee (quadriceps work as a group, as when kicking a ball)


Rectus femoris Extends knee, flexes hip Anterior inferior iliac spine of coxalbone

Tibial tuberosity and patella

Vastus lateralis Extends knee Greater trochanter, linea aspera of femur

Tibial tuberosity and patella

Vastus medialis Extends knee Linea aspera of femur Tibial tuberosity and patella

Vastus intermedius Extends knee Anterior shaft of femur Tibial tuberosity and patella

Muscles that act on Ankle (to move foot)


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Gastrocnemius Plantar flexion at ankle, flexesknee

Medial and lateral epicondyles offemur

Calcaneus

Soleus Plantar flexion at ankle Proximal third of tibia and fibula Calcaneus

Tibialis anterior Dorsiflexion and inversion atankle

Lateral tibia, interosseousmembrane

Medial cuneiform, metatarsal 1

large list of names, actions, origins.doc

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