large-scale pv demonstration projects in japan€¦ · tokyo wakkanai site completion forecast...

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Large-scale PV Demonstration Projects in Japan Satoshi Morozumi, Yasuyuki Arashiro and Nobuyoshi Inoue New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Japan New Energy Technology Development Department 2 nd International Symposium for Distributed Electricity Generation and Smart Grids 17 th – 18 th October 2007 TECHbase Vienna – arsenal research

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Page 1: Large-scale PV Demonstration Projects in Japan€¦ · Tokyo Wakkanai Site completion forecast figure The first Japanese Mega-Solar Hokuto Site completion forecast figure . 21 Comparative

Large-scale PV Demonstration Projects in Japan

Satoshi Morozumi, Yasuyuki Arashiro and Nobuyoshi InoueNew Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Japan

New Energy Technology Development Department

2nd International Symposium for Distributed Electricity Generation and Smart Grids

17th – 18th October 2007TECHbase Vienna – arsenal research

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2

Table of Contents

1. Background- PV introduction- NEDO’s projects

2. PV projects- Demonstrative Project on Grid-interconnection of Clustered Photovoltaic

Power Generation Systems- Verification of Grid Stabilization with Large Scale PV Power Generation

Systems

3. Summary

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3

Promoting renewable energy is essential.

Renewable energy resources are increasing in electric power system.

Power quality issues

BackgroundSecurity of energy supply

(Oil-alternative energy)Harmony with environment

(Lowering CO2 emission)

New energy introduction targetex. PV: 4.82GW (FY2010)

102GW (FY2030)

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4

Introduction of PV

Data Source: NEF

Price of PV system (104 Yen/kW)

Installed PV capacity (104 kW)

Installation cost / kW

Generation cost / kWhTotal Installation

Total InstallationFor Residential

260yen/kWh

120

8272 71

65

140

58 5246yen/kWh4849

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5

What is NEDO?The New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) is Japan’s largest public R&D management organization for promoting the development of advanced industrial, environmental, new energy and energy conservation technologies.

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6

Development and Demonstration of new energy-related grid-connecting technology

One of the important objectives of NEDO’s R&D is solving problems that arise when distributed and renewable resources are connected to power grids.

These issues arise because the power output from most renewable energy resources fluctuates with weather conditions and connecting them to traditional power grids may create power quality issues.

1) Frequency Stabilization2) Voltage Control3) Protection4) Other Power Quality Issues5) Technology Development

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7

Grid-Connection related Projects in NEDOVoltage control technology for clustered PV systems

Control of supply system with several new energy and dispersed generators

Voltage control technologies for distribution system when many DGs are connectedDevelopment of supply system with different power quality

Demonstrative Project on Grid-interconnection of Clustered Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems

(FY2002-2007)

Wind Power Stabilization Technology Development Project

(FY2003-2007)

Demonstrative Project of Regional Power Grids with Various New Energies

(FY2003-2007)

Demonstrative Project on New Power Network Systems

(FY2004-2007)

Verification of Grid Stabilization with Large Scale PV Power Generation Systems

(FY2006-2010)

FY2006FY2005 and Before

Power Control Technology for wind farm

Interconnection technology for large scale PV generation system

Energy storage system for new energy

Development of an Electric Energy Storage System for Grid-connection with New Energy Resources (FY2006-2010)

FY2007 FY2008 and After

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8

Demonstrative Project on Grid-interconnection of clustered Photovoltaic Power Generation (FY2002-2007)

Clustered installationof Photovoltaic on the distribution network is expected.

There are tangible problems, such as voltage swell by output from PV systems .

- Development of thetechnology to avoid

restriction of PV system output.

-Development of functionto prevent unintentional

islanding.

-Development of applied simulation technologies.

-553 PV systems were installed.-Effect of battery for avoidingrestriction of PV output was examined.- Possibility of interferencesamong the equipments for preventing islanding weredetected.-New equipment, which canavoid such interferencesis now being developing.

Background Objects Results

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9

Outline of the project

External Storage Box

(PCS, Storage battery)

Purpose of the projectDevelopment of the technology to avoid restriction of PV system

output.Development of function to prevent unintentional islanding.Development of applied simulation technologies.

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10

Demonstration sites

Tokyo

Location of Ota city

Demonstration site in Ota city

Research facility in Maebashi city

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11

Demonstrative project site

Installed PV :553Total PV Capacity :2,129kWAverage PV Capacity : 3.85kW

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12

History of installation

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2003/12

2004/01

2004/02

2004/03

2004/04

2004/05

2004/06

2004/07

2004/08

2004/09

2004/10

2004/11

2004/12

2005/01

2005/02

2005/03

2005/04

2005/05

2005/06

2005/07

2005/08

2005/09

2005/10

2005/11

2005/12

2006/01

2006/02

2006/03

2006/04

2006/05

2006/06

2006/07

連系軒数(軒

)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

PV発

電量

、負荷電力量、逆潮流量(M

Wh)

月間PV発電量(M W h)

月間負荷電力量(M W h)

月間逆潮流電力量(M W h)

PV連系軒数(月末時点)

蓄電池連系軒数(月末時点)

最終連系軒数

553

Num

ber o

f hou

ses

Gen

erat

ed e

nerg

y, C

onsu

med

ene

rgy

an

d R

ever

se fl

ow e

nerg

y (M

Wh/

Mon

th)

Monthly generated energy(MWh)

Monthly consumed energy(MWh)

Monthly reversed flow energy(MWh)

Number of installed PV system

Number of installed battery system

Final Number of installed PV system

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13

A system of battery management system

A type of system which Battery and PCS for battery system are added to market base PV system.

Pole Tr

PCS-A

Pole Tr

PV Alley

PCS

20MVA

VCB

Distribution Sub-Station

66kV/6.6kV

PCS-B

Battery

C/S

High voltage Distribution Line

Low Voltage Distribution Line

Load

(Residential)

C/S

PCS- □

Developed technology

Central controller

Inverter

Communication Line

Power flow

Market base PV system

Central Controller

C/S

A type of system which has one PCS for PV and battery system.

Remotely controlling each external battery box

(2) All in One Type

(1)Separate Type

(3) Central Controller

④ ④

(4)New Type islanding protection equipment

New type of islanding protection which can detect islanding rapidly when clustered PV systems are installed

(4704Ah)

Load

(Residential)

PV AlleyBattery

Page 14: Large-scale PV Demonstration Projects in Japan€¦ · Tokyo Wakkanai Site completion forecast figure The first Japanese Mega-Solar Hokuto Site completion forecast figure . 21 Comparative

14

External battery box

Inverter(4kVA)

Lead-Acid battery(4,704Ah・cell)

Ventilation fan

Control terminal

External Battery BOX

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15

Development of technology to avoid restriction of PV system output

The voltages in distribution line sometimes becomes higher than the maximum nominal voltage of 107V or 222V because too much power injection from PV system.

Output of PV is restricted to keep line voltage within operational range (101±6V,202±20V).

Various suppressions of the PV output are analyzed, and then several battery operation modes to reduce such suppressions are developed in this project.

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16

A sample of voltage control operation

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

0:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 0:00

電力

(kW)

86

90

94

98

102

106

110

電圧

(V)

P Vアレイ出力(kW )負荷電力(kW )

受電点電力(kW )

蓄電池充放電電力(KW )PCS交流側電圧1相(V)整定値(104.5V)

Volta

ge (V

)

Pow

er (k

W)

PV output (KW)Demand (KW)Received power (KW)Battery output (KW)

PCS AC voltage (V)Target line voltage (V)

If line voltage violate upper limit of operation voltage, then battery started charging.

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17

Development of function to prevent unintentional islanding

A function to prevent islanding operation disconnects the PV system from the power grid in the case of service interruptions. Interferences among the equipments for preventing islanding are induced when the clustered PV systems are installed.Methods to avoid mis-actuations of such function in the clustered PV systems are developed, the methods will be verified through demonstration.

Developing new islanding detection method.

Testing this method at the test facility in Maebashi City.

Installing field-test equipment at the demonstrative site in Ota city

Installing quality improved facility at the demonstrative site in Ota city Test facility in

Maebashi

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18

New method of prevent islanding

Reactive power from PCS

Time

Reactive Pow

er

Reactive Pow

er

Time

Time

Time

All of PCSs output an active signal synchronously by Wave clock signal.

Reactive Pow

er

Reactive Pow

er

Wave clock signal

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19

Verification of Grid Stabilization with large-scale PV Power Generation Systems (FY2006-2010)

If PV becomes popular infuture, large scale (MW level)PV power station will be introduced to power system. (1) Technology for reduction of fluctuation of

voltage and frequency using battery storage will bedemonstrated. Also, countermeasure of harmonic will be developed and demonstrated.

(2) Developing simulation method related technologies mentioned above.

It is possible that such large scale PV power station may influence voltage and frequencyin the utility system.

Background Objects

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20

Demonstrative projects site

Tokyo

Wakkanai Site completion forecast figure

The first Japanese Mega-Solar

Hokuto Site completion forecast figure

Page 21: Large-scale PV Demonstration Projects in Japan€¦ · Tokyo Wakkanai Site completion forecast figure The first Japanese Mega-Solar Hokuto Site completion forecast figure . 21 Comparative

21

Comparative table

Wakkanai City Hokuto CityPV capacity ~5MW ~2MWModule type crystal type advanced typeEnergy storage NaS :1.5MW - 11.8MWh

EDLC :1.5MW - 25kWh-

PCS 250kW(commercialized product)

400kW(developing )

Grid connection 33kV transmission line 66kV transmission lineForcast solar radiation forecast -

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22

Schedule

F Y 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

P V capacity(M W ) M ar.

80kW

N ov. 1.7M W

O ct.

4.0M W O ct.

5.0M W

N aS battery (M W ) N ov.

0.5M W

O ct.

1.5M W

E D L C (M W ) O ct.

0.5M W

O ct.

1.5M W

G rid connection M ar.

6.6kV N ov.

33kV

F Y 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

P V capacity(M W )

F eb.

0.6M W N ov.

2.0M W

G rid connection F eb.

6.6kV

N ov.

33kV

Wakkanai site

Hokuto site

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23

Configuration of Wakkanai site

太陽光

インバータ

高圧母線

系統電力(特別高圧)

特高トランス

大規模太陽光発電システム

気象予測

系統監視発電制御

需給制御

NAS 電池 キャパシタ太陽光

インバータ

特高トランス

大規模太陽光発電システム

系統監視発電制御

需給制御

制御室

太陽光

インバータ

高圧母線

系統電力(特別高圧)

特高トランス

大規模太陽光発電システム

気象予測

系統監視発電制御

需給制御

NAS 電池NAS 電池 キャパシタ太陽光

インバータ

特高トランス

大規模太陽光発電システム

系統監視発電制御

需給制御

制御室

大規模太陽光発電システムの構成Reforming output from PV by battery storage

Comparison of several types of PV cell

Establishing extra-high voltage grid connection technologies

Transformer

Inverter

High voltage bus

Extra high voltage bus

PVLarge scale PV plant

Weather forecast

Control system

Monitoring & Control

battery Capacitor

Large scale PV plant system structure

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24

How battery system operatesOutput from Mega-solar Plant

Smoothing by battery

Planned transmission by battery

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25

Wakkanai site PV systemunder construction

(’07 Mar.) PV 80kW

稚内PV発電電力量

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2007/3/16 2007/3/17 2007/3/18 2007/3/19 2007/3/20 2007/3/21 2007/3/22 2007/3/23日付

kWkW

(’07 Mar.) PV 80kW

Typical output pattern in a week

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26

Wakkanai site PV systemunder construction

2007 July

(PV: 80kW)

2009 October

(PV: 5MW)

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27

FY2007

PCS 210V/6.6kV

FY2008-2009

Development of large-scale PCS

PV : 0.4MW PCS400kW 420V/6.6kV

Monitoringsystem

PV : 0.6MW

FY2009

PCSPV : 0.1MW

6.6kV/66kV

FY20076.6kV

210V/6.6kV

FY200966kV

PV : 0.4MW

PV : 0.4MW

PCS400kW

PCS400kW

Configuration of Hokuto site

Output Power: 400kWFunction : to suppress voltage fluctuation

by controlling reactive powerto have voltage sag ride-through capabilityto have suppressed harmonic function

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28

2007 October

Hokuto siteunder land forming

2009 November

(PV ~2MW)

Page 29: Large-scale PV Demonstration Projects in Japan€¦ · Tokyo Wakkanai Site completion forecast figure The first Japanese Mega-Solar Hokuto Site completion forecast figure . 21 Comparative

29

PV application in micro-grid projectHachinohe project

Structure of supply system with local private Grid.

Battery100kw

The Sewage plant

Hachinohe city hall (360kw)

Steam boilerWooden waste

Digestion ChamberDigestion gas tank

Steam boiler

Gas engine170kW*3

PV 50kW

PV 10kW PV 10kw

PV 10kW

Wind turbine 2kW*2

CB

Hachinohe city hall new building

Utility line

Hachinohe regional watersupply authority (50kw)

Wind turbine 8kW Wind turbine 8kW

Junior high school (60kw)

Junior high school (53kw)

Elementary school (46kw)

Elementary school (46kw)

Private distribution line (5.4km)

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30

Compensating imbalance of three phase by PV power conditioner in Hachinohe

GEUtility

Network

3×170kW

A C

D C

Schools

City Office

CB7 CB4 CB3

5 0 k W

Inverter

Control System

50kW

Inverter

Page 31: Large-scale PV Demonstration Projects in Japan€¦ · Tokyo Wakkanai Site completion forecast figure The first Japanese Mega-Solar Hokuto Site completion forecast figure . 21 Comparative

31

Summary

- PV has potential to change electric power system.

- To achieve such a paradigm shift, solving grid-connection issues is necessary.

- NEDO thinks such technology development shown in our presentation is very important.

Page 32: Large-scale PV Demonstration Projects in Japan€¦ · Tokyo Wakkanai Site completion forecast figure The first Japanese Mega-Solar Hokuto Site completion forecast figure . 21 Comparative

Thank You for your attention !!

Nobuyoshi [email protected]