larry cohen, msw executive director
DESCRIPTION
We Know What To Do: Preventing Violence Creates Thriving Communities . Boulder , CO October 8, 2013. Larry Cohen, MSW Executive Director. @ preventioninst. http:// www.facebook.com/PreventionInstitute.org. Child Restraint & Safety Belt Use. B E Y O N D Brochures. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Larry Cohen, MSWExecutive Director
We Know What To Do: Preventing Violence
Creates Thriving Communities
@preventioninst
http://www.facebook.com/PreventionInstitute.org
Boulder, COOctober 8, 2013
Child Restraint & Safety Belt Use
B E Y O N D
Brochures
Health in all Policies: A Health Lens in Decision-making
“Simply put, in the absence of a radical shift towards prevention and public health, we will not be successful in containing medical costs or improving the health of the American people.” - President Obama
“No epidemic has ever been resolved by
paying attention to the treatment of the
affected individual.”
- George W. Albee
Population-based Focuses on prevention Reduces risks Increases protective
factors
A Public Health Approach to Violence
www.preventioninstitute.org/UNITY
What can be done to prevent the problem from occurring in the first place?
MOVINGUPSTREAM
“We are still standing on the bank of the
river, rescuing people who are drowning.
We have not gone to the head of the river
to keep them from falling in.
That is the 21st century task.”
Gloria Steinem Photo Credit:
http://static.flickr.com/90/207590972_a30260c293_b.jpg
The Prevention Continuum
Up Front In The Thick Aftermath
Immediate responses
AFTER violence has
occurred to deal with the
consequences in the short-term
Long-term responses
AFTER violence to deal with the lasting consequences and treatment interventions
Approaches that take place
BEFORE violence has occurred to
prevent initial perpetration or victimization
Violence Prevention in Public TransportationWashington, DC, USA
Source: Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Washington_DC_metro_station_bethesda.jpg
NORMSsanction behavior
attitudes, beliefs, ways of being
based in culture & tradition
taken for granted
more than a habit
behavior shapers communicate regularity in behavior
The ideas of one generation become the instincts of the next.
- D.H. Lawrence
“
”
HEALTH & SAFETYBEHAVIORBEHAVIOR
ENVIRONMENT
Photo courtesy of Latino Health Access
Photo courtesy of Latino Health Access
It is unreasonable to expect that people will change their
behavior easily when so many forces in the social, cultural, and physical environment
conspire against such change.
“
”Institute of Medicine
Source: Institute of Medicine. (2000). Promoting health: Intervention strategies from social and behavioral research (B. D. Smedley & L. S. Syme, Eds.). Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Poor people and people of color are more likely to live in neighborhoods
receiving less public and private investment in
infrastructure and consequently can appear disorganized and unsafe.
Image Credit: Michelle Mockbee Flickr
Image Credit: Jelm6 Flickr
SOURCE: Williams DR, Collins C. (2001) Racial residential segregation: a fundamental cause of racial disparities in health.Landrine H, Corral I. (2009) Separate and unequal: residential segregation and black health disparities
Oakland, CA
a 15 year difference in life expectancy
Source: Life and Death from Unnatural Causes – Health and Social Inequity in Alameda County. Alameda County Public Health Department. August 2008
For every $12,500 in family income:One additional year life expectancy
The health inequities we see…are not about just individual bad choices:
Nancy Krieger, Harvard School of Public Health
“”they are about things not
being fair
INJURIES, ILLNESS & INEQUITIES
EXPOSURES &
BEHAVIORS
HEALTH CARE
SERVICES
ENVIRONMENT
The Trajectory of Health Inequities
Take 2 Steps to Prevention
Medical CareExposures
& BehaviorsEnvironmen
t
Not the primary determinant of health
Treats one person at a time
Often comes late; can’t always restore health
Medical Care Alone Cannot Reduce Injuries and Inequities
What’s Sold and How It’s Promoted
What’s sold & how it’s promoted
Elements of Community Health
PLACE
Liquor Store ClosingsLos Angeles, CA
Zoning ordinances shut down 200 liquor stores in 3 years.
An average 27% reduction in crime within a four-block radius of each closed liquor outlet.
Social networks & trust Participation & willingness to act
for the common good Acceptable behaviors & attitudes
Racial justice Jobs & local ownership Education
What’s sold & how it’s promoted
Look, feel & safety Parks & open space Getting around Housing Air, water, soil Arts & culture
Elements of Community Health
PEOPLE
PLACE
EQUITABLE OPPORTUNITY
Preventative services Access Treatment quality, disease
management, in-patient services, & alternative medicine
Cultural competence Emergency response
MEDICAL SERVICES
ActivityTaking 2 Steps To Prevention
The 1st step ...
Health Care Services
Exposures & Behaviors
Environment
Two Steps To Prevention ActivityA. Health
IssueB. Exposures/
BehaviorsC. Community Health
Factors D. Community
Goals/Indicators
• Tobacco Use / Smoking• Diet & Inactivity• Alcohol• Microbial agents• Toxic agents• Firearms• Sexual behavior• Motor vehicles• Illicit use of drugs
• Getting around• Parks and open space• Arts and culture• Social networks and trust• Participation and willingness to
act for the common good.• Norms/Costumbres• Look, feel and safety• Housing• Air, water, soil• What is sold /how it’s promoted• Racial justice & relationships• Jobs and local ownership• Education
Circle the Exposures/ Behaviors listed below that are related to your health issue.
Circle the factors below that are related to your health issue.
List specific examples from your community of the community health factors you circled in column C. Choose up to 3 examples for each factor.
Type 2 Diabetes
Let’s take another step ...
Health Care Services
Exposures & Behaviors
Environment
Two Steps To Prevention ActivityA. Health
IssueB. Exposures/
BehaviorsC. Community Health
Factors D. Community
Goals/Indicators
• Tobacco Use / Smoking• Diet & Inactivity• Alcohol• Microbial agents• Toxic agents• Firearms• Sexual behavior• Motor vehicles• Illicit use of drugs
• Getting around• Parks and open space• Arts and culture• Social networks and trust• Participation and willingness to
act for the common good.• Norms/Costumbres• Look, feel and safety• Housing• Air, water, soil• What is sold /how it’s promoted• Racial justice & relationships• Jobs and local ownership• Education
Circle the Exposures/ Behaviors listed below that are related to your health issue.
Circle the factors below that are related to your health issue.
List specific examples from your community of the community health factors you circled in column C. Choose up to 3 examples for each factor.
Type 2 Diabetes
Louisville, KY: Healthy Corner Stores
Louisvilleky.gov
Influencing Policy & Legislation
Changing Organizational Practices
Fostering Coalitions & Networks
Educating ProvidersPromoting Community Education
The Spectrum of Prevention
Strengthening Individual Knowledge & Skills
Parks & open space
Elements of Community Health
PLACE
“. . .We could use this place as a place to play sports.We don’t get to interact as much because we don’t have places to play. The bond is broken. We could build a park so that kids my age can stay active healthy and connected.”
Daisy Romero, Age 13Photo Voice Project, Santa Ana, CA
Park Access
Acres of Park Space per 1,000 people
31.8
1.7
0.6
Reference: Paul M. Sherer. “The Benefit of Parks.” Trust for Public Land, 2006.
Park Access
Acres of Park Space per 1,000 people
Latino Neighborhoods
31.8
1.7
0.6
Predominantly White Neighborhoods
African American Neighborhoods
Reference: Paul M. Sherer. “The Benefit of Parks.” Trust for Public Land, 2006.
Prospect Park: Before RevivalBrooklyn, NY
Image Credit: Librado Romero, The New York Times
Prospect Park RevivalBrooklyn, NY
Photo Credit: Librado Romero, The New York Times
UNITY City Network Members
www.preventioninstitute.org/UNITY
www.preventioninstitute.org/UNITY
UNITY City Network
Oakland
San DiegoTucson
Seattle
MinneapolisDetroit
Denver
St. Louis
Chicago
Louisville
Boston
Newark
Los Angeles
New Orleans
Nashville
PhiladelphiaClevelandRichmond
Houston
(San Jose)
Coordinate the UNITY City Network
Guide Effective & Sustainable Practice: Training, tools and consultation
Make the Case: Framing the discourse on preventing violence
Educate Decision Makers & Inform National Strategies: Highlighting what works, including supportive policies and resources
UNITY Activities
Findings
Law enforcement and criminal justice the most common approaches
Public health departments rarely included
Most cities lacked a comprehensive strategy
Cities with the greatest coordination had the lowest rates of youth violence
UNITY Assessment
A Coordinated Approach
Image Credit: City of Minneapolis, Summer 612
Minneapolis
UNITY Policy Platform
UNITY Urban Agenda
www.preventioninstitute.org/UNITY
Programmatic & Service Priorities
Structure & Staffing
Decreased risk factors
Increased resilience factors
Leadership Accountability Coordination Understanding
of violence prevention
Program & Govt Effectiveness
Children & Youth Families Neighborhoods
Violence Prevention Outcomes Intimate partner &
domestic violence Dating violence Sexual assault Child abuse Elder abuse Youth violence Community
violence Homicide Suicide Hate violence Police brutality
A Lifetime Commitment to Violence Prevention: The Alameda County Blueprint
Violence is preventable
Violence prevention is local
Honor what’s working
Respect for diversity
Prevention is not containment or suppression
We are all stakeholders
Violence prevention is a long-term effort
PrinciplesViolence Prevention Blueprint
MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA
Blueprint for Action: Preventing Youth Violence in Minneapolis
Connect all youth to trusted adults
Intervene at the first sign of risk for violence
Restore youth who have gone down the wrong path
Unlearn the culture of violence
Adopted the Blueprint for Action: a Multi-Sector Plan for Prevention.
64 percent decrease in homicides of young people aged 15 to 24 years.
Number of youth suspects in
violent crimes dropped by 62 percent.
Coordinated ApproachMinneapolis, MN
Source:Department of Health and Family Support. (2011, May 24). Results Minneapolis. Retrieved from http://www.minneapolismn.gov/health/yvp/dhfs_data
Street Outreach & Interruption
CeaseFire Chicago
CureViolence (CeaseFire Chicago) demonstrated a 41-73% drop in shootings and killings and a 100%
drop in retaliation murders in three years.
Activities at ALL Levels of the Spectrum in Salinas, California
1. Strengthening Individual Knowledge & Skills
6. Influencing Policy and Legislation
5. Changing Organizational Practices
4. Fostering Coalitions
and Networks3. Educating Providers
2. Promoting Community Education
• Develop public policies to address alcohol as a risk factor for violent behavior • Prioritize economic development and job training for youth •Develop collaboration between City, County, and School Districts to implement this plan
• Develop a strategy to reduce gang violence
• Invest in early childhood and parent support initiatives
• Convene community-wide dialogue on discipline
The Synergy of the Spectrum
“The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.”
63
Norms Are Behavior Shapers
focus on norms
can help prevent
violence against women
and children.
A
5 Key Norms
Narrow Definitions ofMasculinity
Limited Roles for Women
Power &Control
Privacy and SilenceViolence
Success storiesDon Imus, host of CBS’s radio talkshow “Imus in the Morning” fired for racist & sexist remarks
Tony Kornheiser of ESPN’s “SportCenter” suspended for inappropriate remarks concerning co-worker Hannah Storm.
Addressing the Intersection: Preventing Violence and Promoting
Healthy Eating and Active Living
Healthy Eating & Physical Activity
Safety & Preventing Violence
The Intersection
A) Violence and fear of violence affect individual behaviors related to healthy eating and active living.
B) Violence and fear of violence diminish the community environment, reducing support for healthy eating and active living.
“Reality and perception of violence are justifications for people not being outside or letting children outside, and not walking to
places that they normally would”
-Community Leader
“We have a wonderful gym in the park, but the kids don’t use it because they are afraid of the
park.”
“Turf wars deter people from walking to grocery stores.”
“Community safety is our number one concern. If our employees feel unsafe coming to work, or our patrons are scared to shop in the area, we won’t open a store there.”
– Head of Security at a major retail corporation
Creating Safe Spaces
Joint use agreements
Safe routes to school
Afterschool programming
Aesthetics
Safety-promoting features
Preventing Violence by Improving Neighborhood Public Spaces
Chula Vista, CA
Safe Routes to School
Due to safety concerns at the nearby park, parents did not allow children to walk to school
The Bushmaster Neighborhood committee began a walking school bus
A “No Sales 40” initiative banned the sale of 40-ounce glass bottles of alcohol around the park to reduce crime.
Flagstaff, AZ
The Built Environment and SafetyMedellin, Colombia
Source: Vargas VA and García PV. Violencia urbana, seguridad ciudadana y políticas públicas: la reducción de la violencia en las ciudades de Bogota y Medellin (Colombia) 1991- 2007.Bogota: Universidad Nacional de Colombia. 2008.
Providing Land Rights & Reducing Alcohol Abuse
Diadema, Brazil
Source: Echeverri Restrepo, Alejandro . Hacia un Urbanismo Social. Medellin: Empresa de Desarrollo Urbano de Medellin. Colombia. 2008.
Fostering Social Cohesion
Photo courtesy of Get Moving Kern and Greenfield Walking Group
Multi-Field Collaboration
Partnership
Law Enforcement
Public Health
Violence Prevention
Healthy Eating Active Living
City Council
Youth
Interdisciplinary Collaboration Strengthens Outcomes
Brings together diverse expertise
Combines advocacy power
Provides access to more constituencies and networks
Creates greater focus on common goals
Fosters sustainability
Appeals to many funders
Collaborator 4Expertise:
DesiredOutcomes:
Key Strategies:
Collaborator 3Expertise:
DesiredOutcomes:
Key Strategies:
Collaborator 1Expertise:
DesiredOutcomes:
Key Strategies:
Collaborator 2Expertise:
DesiredOutcomes:
Key Strategies:
Shared Outcomes
Partner Strengths
Joint Strategies
Collaboration Multiplier
Preventing violence through urban farmingDenver, CO
Public Health
Urban Agriculture
Violence Prevention
City Council
Parks & Recreation
Youth
Community Development
Faith-based Orgs
Planning Department
School
PromotoresCommunity Health Education
Expertise Desired Outcomes Strategies
Law Enforcement
Optometry n Utilize color and design features to increase driver attention to traffic signals and signs
n Expertise in legal requirements and crash investigations and has the authority to enforce traffic laws
n Enforce traffic laws, patrol neighborhoods, implement check points, cite reckless drives, and participate in educational campaigns
Transportation Engineering
n Road and sidewalk design that provides safe travel for multiple modes of transportation
n Promote safety regulations for occupants and vehicles n Implement street designs that promote safety
Public Health
n Population-based prevention approaches and data collection of injury rates
n Facilitate environmental and policy changes (i.e., pedestrian/bicycle-friendly street design, car seats, seat belts, driving under the influence, bicycle helmets)
Phase I: Information Gathering
n Understanding of how people visualize traffic signs and signals
n Increase compliance to traffic safety laws
.
n Prevent traffic crashes and reduce severity of injuries if a crash occurs
n Reduce unintentional injuries among all travelers, including drivers, pedestrians, bicyclists, disabled, elderly
n Improve vehicle displays, traffic signals, and road signage n Better driver assessment for licensing purposes
Health Sector
Economic Sector
Education Sector
Community Services
Sector
Analysis2
Partner Strengths
Shared Outcomes
Joint Strategies
Collaboration Multiplier: Improving Safety and Increasing Access to Healthy Food
+ City CouncilExpertise:
Desired Outcomes:
Key Strategies:
Violence PreventionExpertise:
Desired Outcomes:
Key Strategies:
Public HealthExpertise:
Desired Outcomes:
Key Strategies:
Urban AgricultureExpertise:
Desired Outcomes:
Key Strategies:
CC
VPPH
UA
Collaboration Multiplier: Improving Safety and Increasing Access to Healthy Food
+ City CouncilExpertise:• Knowledge and ability to influence local
policy decisions
Desired Outcomes:•Policies that promote health and safety in the district
Key Strategies:•Help leverage funds for long-term sustainability
Violence PreventionExpertise:•Expertise in youth violence prevention and intervention
Desired Outcomes:•Decreased gang violence and increased positive opportunities for at-risk youth
Key Strategies:•Build youth leadership and connect youth to training and employment opportunities
Public HealthExpertise:•Experience in population-based interventions and collection of data on chronic disease and injury rates
Desired Outcomes:•Unification of collaborative efforts to address violence and chronic disease
Key Strategies:•Facilitate system and policy changes that link healthy eating active living with violence prevention efforts
Urban AgricultureExpertise:•Knowledge on urban food system infrastructure and implementation
Desired Outcomes:•Long-term partnerships to achieve sustainable food systems
Key Strategies:•Create mechanisms for residents to access fresh, affordable healthy foods
CC
VPPH
UA
Public HealthExpertise:• Provide credibility, data and in-kind staff support
Desired Outcomes:• Unification of collaborative efforts by partners to address VP/HEAL
Key Strategies:• Facilitate system and policy changes that link healthy eating active living with violence prevention efforts
PH
City Council CCExpertise:• Knowledge and ability to influence
local policy decisions
Desired Outcomes:•Policies that promote health and safety in the district
Key Strategies:•Help leverage funds for long-term sustainability
Violence Prevention
VPExpertise:•Expertise in youth violence prevention and intervention
Desired Outcomes:•Decreased gang violence and increased positive opportunities for at-risk youth
Key Strategies:•Build youth leadership and connect youth to training and employment opportunities
Shared Outcomes
Partner Strengths
Joint Strategies/Activities
Public Health PHExpertise:•Experience in population-based interventions and collection of data on chronic disease and injury rates
Desired Outcomes:•Unification of collaborative efforts to address violence and chronic disease
Key Strategies:•Facilitate system and policy changes that link healthy eating active living with violence prevention efforts
Urban AgricultureExpertise:•Knowledge on urban food system infrastructure and implementation
Desired Outcomes:•Long-term partnerships to achieve sustainable food systems
Key Strategies:•Create mechanisms for residents to access fresh, affordable healthy foods
UA
City CouncilExpertise:• Knowledge and ability to
influence local policy decisions
Desired Outcomes:•Policies that promote health and safety in the district
Key Strategies:•Help leverage funds for long-term sustainability
Violence PreventionVP
Expertise:•Expertise in youth violence prevention and intervention
Desired Outcomes:•Decreased gang violence and increased positive opportunities for at-risk youth
Key Strategies:•Build youth leadership and connect youth to training and employment opportunities
Public Health PH
Expertise:•Experience in population-based interventions and collection of data on chronic disease and injury rates
Desired Outcomes:•Unification of collaborative efforts to address violence and chronic disease
Key Strategies:•Facilitate system and policy changes that link healthy eating active living with violence prevention efforts
Urban AgricultureExpertise/:•Knowledge on urban food system infrastructure and implementation
Desired Outcomes:•Long-term partnerships to achieve sustainable food systems
Key Strategies:•Create mechanisms for residents to access fresh, affordable healthy foods
Shared Outcomes• Strong partnerships among partner
organizations and community members• Safe community gathering space: Urban farm• Employment for youth and adults• Increased access to healthy foods• Institutional systems and local policies to
promote health and safety
Partner Strengths• Established trust and respect in community• Local policy maker involvement and support• Experience in community engagement and
training• Content expertise• In-kind support• Linked to broader city-wide initiatives
Joint Strategies• Establish urban farm and farmer’s market• Build youth capacity to understand goal and
advocate for environmental and policy changes• Build capacity of leaders• Cultivate relationships and partnerships• Connect youth and community residents to
training and employment opportunities
UA CC
Shared Outcomes
• Strong partnerships among partner organizations and community members
• Safe community gathering space: Urban farm
• Employment for youth and adults• Increased access to healthy foods• Institutional systems and local
policies to promote health and safety
PH VP UA ++ + CC
Sectors that Prevent Violence Community
Services Criminal Justice Economic Education Governance Public Health Social Services
Private Sectors: Business Faith Media
Other Departments: Housing Planning & Zoning Public Works Transportation
Collaboration Multiplier: Improving Safety
+ Community Services
Desired Outcomes:Build residents’ leadership and advocacy skillsIncrease access to city resources and services for communities that have been historically marginalized
Key Strategies:
EducationDesired Outcomes:
Deliver trauma informed education
Key Strategies:Develop alternatives to zero-tolerance disciplineIncorporate social and emotional learning into all curriculum and instruction
HealthDesired Outcomes:Establish a hospital-based violence intervention program
Key Strategies:Conduct a self-assessment on the health agency’s capacity to prevent violence and injury
EconomicDesired Outcomes:
Key Strategies:Subsidize start-up costs for entrepreneurs in disinvested areas
Establish a Business Improvement District
Incorporate Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design into projects
CS
Ed H
Ec
Shared Outcomes
• Shared data to make better decisions• Decisions and programs reflect residents’ priorities• Positive stories about youth incorporated into
communications• Expanded Safe Routes to School to address gangs, graffiti
and blight, alcohol density• Health services provided at schools• Pedestrian and neighborhood shopping districts are safe,
clean and accessible• Marginal retail areas are rezoned with special attention to
alcohol outlet density• Joint Use Agreements • Partnering with youth-serving groups and community-based
organizations to complement school-run activities and supplement the curriculum
• Funded micro-enterprises to address gaps in neighborhood services and encourage youth employment
H Ed Ec ++ + CS
Collaboration Multiplier: Improving Safety
Community ServicesDesired Outcomes:Build residents’ leadership and advocacy skills.Increase access to city resources and services for communities that have been historically marginalized
Key Strategies:
EducationDesired Outcomes:
Deliver trauma informed education
Key Strategies:Develop alternatives to zero-tolerance disciplineIncorporate social and emotional learning into all curriculum and instruction
HealthDesired Outcomes:Establish a hospital-based violence intervention program
Key Strategies:Conduct a self-assessment on the health agency’s capacity to prevent violence and injury
Economic E
Shared Outcomes
Partner Strengths
Joint Strategies/Activitie
s
Shared data to make better decisionsDecisions and programs reflect residents’ prioritiesPositive stories about youth incorporated into communications
Expanded Safe Routes to School to address gangs, graffiti and blight, alcohol densityMarginal retail areas are rezoned with special attention to alcohol outlet densityJoint Use Agreements
Desired Outcomes:
Key Strategies:Subsidize start-up costs for entrepreneurs in disinvested areas
Establish a Business Improvement District
Incorporate Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design into projects
A good solution solvesmultipleproblems.Prevention Institute
Community-Centered Health Homes
A Different Way to Think about Health Care
Photo Credit: Daniel Bernstein
“The last time we looked in the book, the specific therapy for malnutrition was food.”Jack Geiger, MD
Medical Equipment
Community-Centered Health Homes
Patient-Centered Health Homes
Medical Homes
Photo Credit: http://metes.wordpress.com/2009/01/25/diagonal-crosswalks/
Oakland Chinatown
INQUIRY ASSESSMENT ACTION
ENVIRONMENTAL & POLICY CHANGE
COORDINATED CLINICAL & COMMUNITY PREVENTION
ACTIVITY
IDENTIFY PRIORITY
HEALTH ISSUES
COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGY
DEVELOPMENT
PARTNERSHIP FORMATION
• Health Care• Public Health• Community
Organizations
DATA COLLECTION
OUTCOMES
IMPROVED HEALTH
COST SAVINGS
EVIDENCE-BASE FOR EFFECTIVE PRACTICE
CLINICAL/COMMUNITY POPULATION HEALTH INTERVENTION MODEL
Existing Clinician Skills PATIENT INTAKE DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT
Transferable to Community Prevention
“We are bringing together the health and human rights voices in south LA and beyond to discuss the healthcare crisis and how we build a movement for the right to health.”-Jim Mangia, CEO St. John’s
Social networks & trust Participation & willingness to act
for the common good Acceptable behaviors & attitudes
Racial justice Jobs & local ownership Education
What’s sold & how it’s promoted
Look, feel & safety Parks & open space Getting around Housing Air, water, soil Arts & culture
Elements of Community Health
PEOPLE
PLACE
EQUITABLE OPPORTUNITY
Preventative services Access Treatment quality, disease
management, in-patient services, & alternative medicine
Cultural competence Emergency response
MEDICAL SERVICES
Inquiry: Housing Questionnaire
Analysis: Collaborative to Assess Housing
Conditions
Strategic Actions for a Just Economy
Esperanza Community Housing Corporation
Los Angeles Community Action Network
St. John’s Well Child & Family Center
Action: Policies that Improve Health
Outcomes
POLICIES: LA City Attorney’s Office; LA County Department of Public Health
Landlord Compliance
Action
Community Engagement
Health Education
Medical Care
Advocacy
Litigation
“ The first of all freedoms is freedom
from violence.
The first of all rights must be the right to
safety.”
-Connie RiceDirector, LA Advancement Project and author of ‘Power Concedes Nothing’
We Must Prevent Violence
“Intellectuals solve problems.
Geniuses prevent them.”
Albert Einstein
We Can Prevent Violence
“ Violence is not the problem of one neighborhood or group.
Coming together and owning this problem and the solutions are
central.”
-Dr. Deborah Prothrow-Stith Harvard School of Public Health
UNITY Co-Chair
We Need All Our Voices to Build a Movement
Photo Credit: http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jah/91.4/images/hall_fig01b.jpg
Larry Cohen510-444-7738
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