laser ignition a new concept to use and increase the ...lasersparkpluginc.com/uploads/sp6.pdf ·...

Laser Ignition a New Concept to Use and Increase the Potentials of the Gas EnginesDr. Günther Herdin/CTO GEJenbacher2nd Annual Advanced Stationary Reciprocating Engines Conference

2 GE Jenbacher

22/03/2005Dr. Günther Herdin

Future Ignition Systems

• Plasma Ignition

• High Frequency Ignition

• Auto Ignition

• Laser Ignition

• Pressure Wave Ignition

• Diesel Pilot Ignition

• ….

3 GE Jenbacher

GEJ Laser Ignition Activities

basic engineering and HCCI combustionTU Wien, Institut for PhotonicsTU Wien, Institut for Process EngineeringTU Wien, Institut for ICETU Graz, Institut for Experimental Physics TU WienFrancesconi Technology

basic engineering and engine testsTU Wien, Institut for PhotonicsTU Wien, Institut of Process EngineeringTU Graz, Institut forExperimental Physics

Jubiläums Fonds der österreichischen Nationalbankbasic works and verificationTU Wien, Institut for PhotonicsTU Graz, Institut for ICE

20062005200420032002200120001999

FFF

A3 BMVIT

August 2000 first engine test

4 GE Jenbacher


Why Laser Ignition?

conventional spark plug systems comes to the physical border line

……. and the Laser ignition can help to have BMEP`s higher than 2.4 MPa for gas engines. With this we see efficiencies of 48 % possible and NOx emissions in the range of 30 ppm.

5 GE Jenbacher


Increase of Spark VoltageComparison BMEP 2.2 / 1.7 MPa

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 1000 2000 3000

BMEP 2.2 MPa

BMEP 1.7 MPa

test duration [h]

spark voltage [kV]

6 GE Jenbacher


Spark Voltage vs BMEP

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 1 2 3BMEP [MPa]

spark voltage [kV]

500 mg NOx/Nm3

250 mg NOx/Nm3

7 GE Jenbacher


Control of the Nd-Yak Laser IC-900 E01

8 GE Jenbacher


Scheme Research Engine

12

1

7891011

4 3 26 5

alternator

air

air

gas

exhaust

intercooler

throttle

deltec tec jet

booster

gas

exhaust

NOx, CO, HxCy

9 GE Jenbacher


Laser – Ignition Engine Test

first engine test 08.2000

10 GE Jenbacher


Laser - Ignition Engine Test

11 GE Jenbacher


Potentials NOX-Emissions

330

240

70

250

190

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

spark ignition

laser ignition

NOX [mg/Nm³]

diesel pilot ignition

direct pre chamber direct pre chamber

12 GE Jenbacher


Comparison NOX EmissionConventional Ignition / Laser Ignition

0.1

1

10

1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6A/F-ratio [ ]

measured VPC 2% VTDC

VPC 1% VTDClaser ignition

NOX [g/kWh]

13 GE Jenbacher


Effect of Ignition SystemNOX-Emission and Fuel Economy

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

400 500 600 700 800 900

laser with 16% EGR

standard ignition 16% EGR

18

17

1615

14

13

222120

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

SFC [g/kWh]

NOX [g/kWh]

source: SAE 780329 J. D. Dale

A/F ratio

14 GE Jenbacher


Pressure Course Nd-YAG-LaserMinimum Ignition Energy, prel = 0.4 MPa

0

10

20

30

40

-0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

rel. pressure [MPa]

time [s]

A/F=1.06

A/F=1.27

A/F=1.47

15 GE Jenbacher


Min. Ignition Energy Nd-YAG-Laser

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

minimum ignition energy [mJ]

rel. pressure [MPa]

16 GE Jenbacher


Laser IgnitionHeat Release Position

0

1

2

3

4

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

dQB [%/°CA]

crank angle [CA°]

ROHR laser ignition

ROHR spark ignition

17 GE Jenbacher


Laser Ignition Single Point / Multi Pointflame front 29° after ignition

single point ignition multi point ignition (4 points)

18 GE Jenbacher


Laser IgnitionHeat Release - Single Point / Multi Point

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80crank angle [CA°]

dQB [%/°CA]

ROHR lasermulti point ignition

ROHR spark ignition

19 GE Jenbacher


Minimum Ignition Energy - U. Maas/B. Lewis

0.01

0.1

1

10

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

ignition energy [mJ]

A/F-ratio

methane

H2

propane

2.7 current limit in the

combustion vessel

20 GE Jenbacher


View of the Plasma after thePlanar-Konvex Lens

21 GE Jenbacher


Close 3-Point IgnitionDiffractive Lens

laser beam6mm

diffractive lens

22 GE Jenbacher


Diffractive Lensto Gen. 3 Ignition Plasmas

5mm

23 GE Jenbacher


Comparison Hydrogen vs. Methane

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

H2 MPE= 2.43mJ

methane MPE= 6.33mJ

p [MPa]

t [ms]

λ= 1.8p= 1 MPaT= 200°C

24 GE Jenbacher


Laser Optimization Combustion Vessel

02468

101214161820

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4rel. pressure [MPa]

min. ignition energy [mJ]

first generation

optimized laser beam

present pilot system

25 GE Jenbacher


Self Cleaning Effect of the Window

26 GE Jenbacher


Laser Ignition – LIF/OH Analysis

side view axial viewProf. Neger TU-Graz

27 GE Jenbacher


Example of IntensityEnergy 10 mJ/Pulse 10 ns

28 GE Jenbacher


Combustion Vessel Influence Temperature

31.2

22.73

0

10

20

30

40ignition energy [mJ]

200°C 150°C

(A/F-ratio=const, p=3MPa, pulse duration = 5ns)

29 GE Jenbacher


MPE vs A/F-Ratio λ at 30 bar

275°C 400°C

150°C

30 GE Jenbacher


Prototype of the Special Designed Laser

31 GE Jenbacher


Test Arrangement TU Vienna

32 GE Jenbacher


Results of the First Spec. Designed Laser

spez

. ind

. Ver

brau

ch [g

/kW

h]

210

240

270

300

330

360

spez

. ind

. Em

issi

onen

[g/k

Wh]

05

101520253035

Lambda [-]0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8

CO

V vo

n p m

i [%

]

0

2

4

6

8

10

ISFCCOV

Apm

ax, Z

W, E

nerg

ieum

satz

punk

te [

°KW

nZO

T],

Bre

nnda

uer [

°KW

]-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Lambda [-]0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8

Brennd Apmax MBF5% MBF50% MBF90%

ZW

Tabg

[°C

]

350400450500550600650700ISHC

ISNOxTAbg

Zündkerze Laser

n = 2000 [min-1]; pmi = 4 [bar]; homogen; w/o AGRn = 2000 [min-1]; pmi = 4 [bar]; homogen; w/o AGR

33 GE Jenbacher


Reduction of the Ignition Delay w. L.I.

5,7

11,8

6

8 4,5

2,2

2,2

0

2

4

6

8

10

0 1000 2000 3000 4000

Drehzahl [U/min]

pmi [

bar]

Zündverzugdifferenz [°KW] zw. LZ u. FZ zu Gunsten der LZ

speed rpm

engine: Hatz 0.4 l/cyl.

34 GE Jenbacher


Basic Concept Laser Ignition

35 GE Jenbacher


City lights made from GE Jenbacher Gas Engines

Thank you for attention

laser ignition a new concept to use and increase the ...lasersparkpluginc.com/uploads/sp6.pdf ·...

Documents