last class 1. ecm components: glycosaminoglycans (gags) and fibrous proteins a. gags: hyaluronan;...
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Last Class
1. ECM components: glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and fibrous proteinsa. GAGs: Hyaluronan; Chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate; Heparan sulfate; Keratan sulfateb. Fibrous proteins: collagen, elastin, fibronectin, laminin
2. basal laminae, neuromuscular junction
3. Cell-ECM interaction, ECM degration
4. ECM receptor, integrins
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• Cell Junctions, Cell-Cell Adhesions
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CrossSection View of Intestine Wall
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Tight Junctions
Claudins, Occludins
ZO Proteins
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Tight Junctions as barriers to solute diffusion
Electron-dense tracer is added in the apical (B) and basal sides of the cells (C).
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Tight Junctions Structures
Freeze-fracture EM
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Models for Tight Junctions
Claudin and occludin
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Anchoring Junctions
Connecting cytoskeletons
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Two Classes of anchoring junctions
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Anchoring junctions
1. Adherens junctions (cell-cell)2. Desmosomes (cell-cell)3. Focal adhesions and hemidesmosomes
(cell-ECM)
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Adherens Junctions
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Adherens Junctions
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Folding of an epithelial sheet to form an epithelial tube
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Desmosomes
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Desmosomes
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Focal Adhesion
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hemiDesmosomes and desmosomes
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Gap Junctions
Size of molecules allowed to pass
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Gap Junctions
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Gap Junctions in EM
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Regulation of Gap Junctions
Rabbit retina and dopamine treatment
Switch between rod and cone photoreceptors
Lucifer yellow injection
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Gap Junctions Functions
1. Rapid communication between neighboring cells, e.g. cardiomyocytes need synchronized actions
2. Communication beyond nerve system, e.g. hepatocytes beyond sympathetic nerves need to be informed to produce glucose from glycogen
3. Embryogenesis, form specific tissue with coupled group of cells
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Summary of cell junctions
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Summary of cell junctions
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Cell-Cell Adhesions
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Cell to Tissue mechanism
A Simple Model
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Cell to Tissue mechanism
A More Complex Model
Cell adhesion molecules (CAM)
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Cell-cell Adhesion
cadherins
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Cell-cell Adhesion
Regulation of cadherins
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The distribution of E-cadherin (ectoderm) and N-cadherin (neural tube) in Chick embryo
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Three mechanisms of cell-cell adhesions
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Cadherin-dependent Cell Sorting
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Cadherins are linked to actin filaments
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Adherens Junction Formation
movie
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Selectin-mediated cell-cell adhesion (blood cell rolling)
E-selectin, L-selectin, P-selectin
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White Blood Cell Rolling and Adhesion
Movie
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Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM),
intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)
Calcium-independent
Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily
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Summary Diagramnon-junctional adhesion proceeds junctional adhesion
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Summary
1. Junctions: Occluding Junctions, Anchoring Junctions, Communicating Junctions2. Occluding Junctions: Tight Junction3. Anchoring Junctions: adherens Junction4. Communicating Junctions: Gap Junction 5. Cell-Cell Junction: adherens junction, cadherins
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Overview of the Cell • Membrane structure and components, membrane proteins, carrier
proteins, channel proteins• Signaling transduction, ligand-receptor interactions, ion-channels,
GPCRs, RTKs, molecular switches (kinase, GTPases), molecular complex formation and signaling integration, signaling desensitization,
• GPCR, GPCR signaling: cAMP, Calcium (CaM Kinase as memory molecule)
• RTK, RTK signaling: Ras, PI3K (PLC, Akt, Rac) • Protease mediated signaling: NF-kB • Cytoskeleton: microtubules, actin, intermediate filament• Regulation of microtubules and actin• Molecular motors: myosin (Sliding Acto-Myosin filaments), kinesin• Cell migration and its relationship with actin filaments• Extracellular matrix: GAG, fibrous proteins (collagen, elastin,
fibronectin, laminin)• Basal laminae, cell-ECM interaction, integrins, cell-cell adhesion (tight
junction, adherens junction, gap junction), cadherins