latest progress in pmt development
DESCRIPTION
Latest progress in PMT development. VLVnT11 in October, 2011 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Electron Tube Division Yuji Hotta. Contents. 1. Profile of Hamamatsu 2. 3 inch PMT Development for KM3NeT 3. 12 inch PMT Development. 1. Profile of Hamamatsu. Where we are located. Population : 818K - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Latest progressin PMT development
VLVnT11 in October, 2011
Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
Electron Tube Division
Yuji Hotta
1. Profile of Hamamatsu
2. 3 inch PMT Development for
KM3NeT
3. 12 inch PMT Development
ContentsContents
1. Profile of Hamamatsu
Hamamatsu is a name of a city.HONDA, YAMAHA and SUZUKI(famous motor cycle companies) are located in the same area.
Population : 818K (as of October 1, 2011)
KAWAI
ROLAND
Where we are locatedWhere we are located
JAPAN
Japanese Standard MAP
EuropeUSA
(Subsidiaries) (Subsidiaries)
Global Network of Global Network of HamamatsuHamamatsu
Established : Sept 29, 1953Employees : 4,167 (Group)(As of Jun 2011)Net Sales : \91B (€ 830M)(FY2010)
Electron Tube DivisionElectron Tube DivisionSolid Sate DivisionSolid Sate Division Systems DivisionSystems Division
Laser GroupLaser GroupCentral Research LabCentral Research Lab
Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
2. 3 inch PMT Development for
KM3NeT
Requirements for KM3NeTRequirements for KM3NeT
Quantum Efficiency at 404 nm : 32% min.
Inhomogenity of cathode response : 10% max.
Supply Voltage : 1400 V max.
Gain : 5E+06
Dark count rate at 15 degree C : 3 kHz max.
Transit Time Spread : 2 ns max. (sigma) => 4.7 ns max. (FWHM)
Peak to valley ratio : 3.0 min.
Length : 105 mm max.
Effective area : 72 mm diameter min.
Convex input window : 198 mm radius
Price : CheapProduction capability : High
Hamamatsu 3 inch PMTsHamamatsu 3 inch PMTs
R6233 R6091
Hamamatsu 3 inch PMTsHamamatsu 3 inch PMTs
Parameter Requirement
R6233 R6091
QE 32% min. at 404 nm
30% typ. at peak
26% typ. at peak
Gain 5 x 106 2.7 x 105 typ. 5 x 106 typ.
TTS (FWHM) 4.7 ns max. 12.2 ns typ. 2 ns typ.
Effective area(Diameter)
72 mm min. 70 mm min. 65 mm min.
Length 105 mm max. 87 mm +/- 1 mm
137 mm +/- 2mm
Price Cheap Cheap Not Cheap
Mass Production
Possible Possible Not Possible
Need to improve!
Important!
3 inch PMT Development3 inch PMT Development
R6233-01 (Standard) R6233-01 MOD
Number of Dynode Stages8 Stages => 10 Stages
Window ShapeFlat => Concave-Convex
Outer : R198
R6233-01 MOD Test ResultR6233-01 MOD Test Result
TTS => slow
Effective area => small
Gain => low
Effective area => large
New 3 inch PMT DevelopmentNew 3 inch PMT Development
Electrodes need to be changed.
Shape of Glass bulb needs to be changed.
PMT has to be cheap and has to be suitable for mass production.
TTS => fast
Gain => high
3 inch PMT Development3 inch PMT Development
R6233-01 (Standard) R6233-01 MOD R12199 (New!)
New 3 inch PMT DevelopmentNew 3 inch PMT Development
80 mm +/-2 mm
97 m
m +
/-2
mm
Type Number : R12199Window Shape : Concave-ConvexWindow Material : Borosilicate GlassPhotocathode Material : BialkaliNumber of Dynode Stages : 10Outer Diameter : 80 mmLength : 97 mm
R12199 Quantum EfficiencyR12199 Quantum Efficiency
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Wavelength [nm]
QE
[%
]
Sample-1Sample-2Sample-3Sample-4Sample-5
Need to improve!Preliminary
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
-45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Position [mm]
Rel
ativ
e O
utpu
t [%
]
Cathode Uniformity
Anode Uniformity
Light Wavelength : 400 nmLight Spot : 1 mmSupply Voltage : 1000 VDivider: Standard
X-Axis
77.4 mm
BOTTOM
LEFT RIGHT
TOP
< TOP VIEW >
Dy1
Dy2
R12199 Uniformity (X-Axis)R12199 Uniformity (X-Axis)Preliminary
R12199 Uniformity (Y-Axis)R12199 Uniformity (Y-Axis)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
-45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Position [mm]
Rel
ativ
e O
utpu
t [%
]
Cathode Uniformity
Anode Uniformity
Light Wavelength : 400 nmLight Spot : 1 mmSupply Voltage : 1000 VDivider: Standard
Y-Axis
74.3 mm
BOTTOM
LEFT RIGHT
TOP
< TOP VIEW >
Dy1
Dy2
Preliminary
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Channel
Co
un
ts
Peak to Valley Ratio : 3.1Supply Voltage : Gain = 5E+06
R12199 Pulse Height R12199 Pulse Height DistributionDistribution
Preliminary
R12199 Transit Time SpreadR12199 Transit Time Spread
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
30 40 50 60 70
Time [ns]
Co
un
ts
FWHM :3.6 nsSupply Voltage : Gain = 5E+06
Preliminary
1
10
750 1000 1250 1500
Supply Voltage [V]
Tim
e [n
s]
Rise TimeFall TimePulse Width
R12199 Time ResponseR12199 Time ResponsePreliminary
1250 V
3.6 ns 3.3 ns
6.2 ns5.4 ns
7.2 ns6.0 ns
R12199 CharacteristicsR12199 Characteristics
Parameter Requirement R12199
QE 32% min. at 404 nm
22 - 23% at peak
Gain 5 x 106 2 - 5 x 106
TTS (FWHM) 4.7 ns max. 3.5 – 4.5 ns
Effective area(Diameter)
72 mm min. 74 mm.
P/V ratio 3 min. 3
Dark Count 3000 max. To be measured
Length 105 mm max. 97 mm +/- 1 mm
Price Cheap Cheap
Mass Production Possible Possible
Preliminary
R12199 DevelopmentR12199 Development
-We are now trying to find optimal
production condition for R12199 (New 3
inch PMT).
- Samples will be available soon.
Tentative Delivery ScheduleTentative Delivery Schedule
Production and Delivery Plan of 3-inch PMT for KM3NeT Date: Apr.27.2011
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Delivery
1st Year
2,000/M1,000/M
4,200/M
2nd Year
4,200/M
Materials
Additional Equipment-1 (Welding Machine, Activation Bench)Additional Equipment-2 (Evaporation, DC Measurement Setup)
12,000
Production (Employment of New Workers -> Training -> Skill up
4,200/M
50,400314,400
4,200/M
7th Year4th Year
Subtotal: 50,400
3rd Year
4,200/M
50,400 50,400 50,400
5th Year 6th Year
4,200/M
50,400Total:
3. Development of 12 inch PMT
8 inch 10 inch
13 inch
20 inch
Large Format PMTLarge Format PMT LineupLineupWe have 13” Between 10” and 20”.It has Metal Flange (special part).Limited production rate & higher cost !!
It’s necessary to have a similar sizeof PMT with conventional structurefor less cost and mass-production.=> 12-inch PMT was developed !!
Metal Flange
26
10 inchR7081
12 inchR11780Φ253 mm
12-inch PMT has larger effective area ratio.
Φ305 mm
RoundRoundShapeShapeMushrooMushroo
mmShapeShape
Higher Pressure-resistanceHigher Pressure-resistance
Φ220 mm
Φ280 mm
Comparison of Dimension Comparison of Dimension between 10-inch and 12-inch PMTbetween 10-inch and 12-inch PMT
27
Diff.=33 mm
Diff.=25 mm
Comparison betweenR11780 & R7081
Effective Area: 1.62Price: less than 1.5
“Price per unit area”is lower than R7081.
ItemsR11780
12-inch PMTR7081
10-inch PMT
Diameter 305 mm 253 mm
Effective Area 280 mm min. 220 mm min.
Effective Area Ratio 84.3% 74.6%
Tube Length 385 mm 300 mm
Dynodes LF/10-stage LF/10-stage
GAIN1.0E+07 at2000V
1.0E+07 at 1500V
T.T.S. (FWHM) 2.7 ns 2.9 ( 3.4 ) ns
P/V Ratio 3.0 2.5 ( 2.8 )
Dark Counts 10,000 cps 7,000 cps
Comparison of Comparison of CharacteristicsCharacteristics
28
R11780 Ebb & Dark R11780 Ebb & Dark CountsCounts
Samples: 43 tubesHistogram of Dark Counts
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
~2.5 ~5.0 ~7.5 ~10.0 ~12.5 ~15.0 ~17.5 ~20.0 20~
Dark Counts [kcps]
Num
ver
of T
ubes
[pc
s]
Histogram of Ebb for Gain of 1E+07
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
~160
0
~170
0
~180
0
~190
0
~200
0
~210
0
~220
0
~230
0
~240
0
~250
0
Ebb for Gain of 1E+07 [V]
Num
ber
of
Tub
es [
pcs]
Dark Counts at Ebb (1E+07)
Average: 10.6 kcpsSTDEV: 5.6 kcpsMin.: 2.0 kcps
Max.: 30.5 kcps
Ebb for Gain of 1E+07
Average: 1890 VSTDEV: 157 VMin.: 1660 VMax.: 2320 V
Percentage of these tubescould be reduced in future.
2000V
10 kcps
29
R11780 TTS & PV R11780 TTS & PV RatioRatio
Histogram of PV Ratio
0
5
10
15
20
~1.5 ~2.0 ~2.5 ~3.0 ~3.5 ~4.0 ~4.5
PV Ratio at Ebb
Num
ver
of T
ubes
[pc
s]
Histogram of TTS
0
5
10
15
20
25
~2.2 ~2.4 ~2.6 ~2.8 ~3.0 ~3.2 ~3.4
TTS [ns]
Num
ber
of
Tub
es [
pcs]
PV Ratio at Ebb (1E+07)
Average: 3.00STDEV: 0.48Min.: 1.70Max.: 3.90
TTS at Ebb (1E+07)Average: 2.70 nsSTDEV: 0.16 nsMin.: 2.35 nsMax.: 3.13 ns
Samples: 43 tubes
2.7 ns
3.0
30
R11780 QE Transition
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 10 20 30 40Serial Number
QE a
t 380 n
m [
%]
R11780 QE R11780 QE ImprovementImprovement
High QE Trials
Standard
Low QE was observed at the beginning of trial production.Improvement effort was made from Apr.2011.We called it High QE trials. As a result, QE becomes better.
31
R11780 QE I mprovement
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
300 350 400 450 500 550 600Wavelength [nm]
QE [
%]
R11780 QE R11780 QE CURVESCURVES
High QE Trials
Standard
Average QE at 380 nmHQE Trials : 30.7 % (27 tubes)Standard : 22.8 % (10 tubes)
32
R11780 Further R11780 Further ImprovementImprovement
QE has to be improved further. R7081-HQE select : QE = 32 % min. at 380nm R11780-HQE Trials: QE = 30.7 % ave. at 380nm
After Pulse is larger than our expectation. R11780 standard : 10% (0.1~16u sec) R11780-HQE Trials : 15% (0.1~16u sec) R7081: 2% (0.1~16u sec) Those characteristics can be improvedwith suitable production conditioning,especially in the activation process.
33
High QE Bialkali PhotocathodeHigh QE Bialkali Photocathode
Definition of SBA/UBA
R9880New TO-8 typeMetal Package
R7600/R89001 inch SquareMetal Package
Min. Typ.
Photocathode(suffix)
Available Products
Ultra Bialkali"UBA" (-200)
38% 43%R7600/R8900
(Metal Package PMT)
QE at peakwavelength
Super Bialkali"SBA"
(-100/-110)32% 35%
R7600/R8900/R9880(Metal Package PMT)
1-1/8"-5"Glass Bulb types
R11780 with 17” Glass R11780 with 17” Glass SphereSphere
R1178012-inch PMT
Some spacefor divider
17-inchGlass Sphere
Transit Time Spread
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
10 20 30 40 50
Time [nsec]
Cou
nts
TTS (FWHM)2.70 ns typ.
at 2000V
Pulse Height Distribution
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Channel
Co
unts
P/V Ratio3.0 typicalat 2000V
R11780 PHD and TTSR11780 PHD and TTS
Dark Counts10K cps typ.
TTS (FWHM)2.7 ns typ.
P/V ratio 3.0 typ.
Prime features of R11780
R11780 Cathode Uniformity
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
-90 -75 -60 -45 -30 -15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90
Position Angle [degree]
Rel
ativ
e O
utpu
t [%
]
X- AXI S
Y- AXIS
Spot Dia. : 5 [mm]
Wavelength : 410 [nm]
Supply Voltage : 150 [V]
q
Spot Light
PMT
R11780 Anode Uniformity
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
-90 -75 -60 -45 -30 -15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90
Position Angle [degree]
Rel
ativ
e O
utpu
t [%
]
X- AXI S
Y- AXI S
Spot Dia. : 5 [mm]
Wavelength : 410 [nm]
Supply Voltage : 1920 [V]
R11780 R11780 UniformityUniformity
R11780 Waveform (Rise R11780 Waveform (Rise Time)Time)
RISE TIME: 4 nsTransit Time: 70 nsSupply Voltage: 2000V
1.0E+04
1.0E+05
1.0E+06
1.0E+07
1.0E+08
1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500
SUPPLY VOLTAGE [V]
GA
INR11780 Gain vs R11780 Gain vs VoltageVoltage
1E+07 at 2000V