lathe. parts 1. headstock l hollow spindle l gear box
TRANSCRIPT
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Lathe
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Parts
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1. Headstock
hollow spindle gear box
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2. Tailstock
handwheel locks
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3. Bed (ways) carriage made up of saddle and apron» cross slide» compound rest (rotates to any angle) &
holds tool post» half nut lever - used only for cutting threads» thread dial
feed rod - general turning lead screw (Acme thread) - for threading
only
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4. Base
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Lathe spindle - internal Morse taper at nose
end
centers collet assemblies
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Outside the spindle nose
threaded nose long taper with drive key camlock
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Spring cleaner
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Spindle Tooling
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1. Independent 4 jaw chuck
most precise most difficult to set up holds work more securely oddly shaped pieces use dial indicator for centering work piece can reverse jaws jaws are removed 3,2,1 and returned in
order of 1,2,3
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2. Universal 3 jaw chuck
some 2 or 6 jaws easier to set up less precise jaws will not reverse so a separate set of
jaws must be used chucking» normal» external» internal
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3. Drive plate
used with lathe dog to drive work mounted between centers
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4. Face plate
can mount work directly to face of plate
has T-slots
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5. Collets for small detailed work range only few thousandths of inch work pieces to be gripped must not vary more
than +/- .003” rough or inaccurate work - don’t use with collet never tighten a collet without a workpiece in its
jaws rubber flex collets - have a wider range
(about .125”)
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6. Magnetic chuck
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Tailstock
jacobs chuck (drills) taper shank drills centers
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Operating the machine controls
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Hand feeding is not used for long cuts
lack of uniformity poor surface finish
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Using power feed and approaching a
shoulder, disengage 1/8” before shoulder
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Micrometer collar graduations
single depth - tool moves as much as the collar shows
you are actually removing twice as much from the diameter
turn in .020” , actually moves in .020” removing .040” from dia.
some lathes built to compensate - turn in .020”, actually moves in .010” to remove .020” from dia.
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Operations on the lathe
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1.) Facing
to obtain flat surface on end of work piece
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Why is facing done?
to establish lengths before center drilling on parts clamped on face plate
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Tool must be at centerline of work
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Lock carriage when facing
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Can feed in either direction when facing
1. feed from center to outside» better surface finish» difficult to cut on a solid face in the center
2. feed from outside to center (preferred)» can take heavier cuts» easier to cut to scribed lines on the
circumference of the work
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Feed by hand for small diameters
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Methods of facing to length
face to layout line » less precise
turn compound slide parallel to the ways and use micrometer dial»most precise
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2.) Center Drilling
also called combination drill and countersink
performed because the hole must have 60 deg angle to clear point of center
range from 1/8” to 3/4” body diameter don’t feed drill too fast don’t feed drill too deep
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3.) Turning between centers (done after facing and center
drilling)
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Adv:
can turn without eccentricity can turn more of a shaft
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Disadv:
no parting no boring no drilling
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Accessories needed
tailstock center headstock center drive plate lathe dog knockout bar
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Adjust tailstock so the bent tail of the dog
moves freely in its slot
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Lathe dog tail should not rub on the bottom
of the slot
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4.) Turning between chuck and a center
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Adv:
quick setup positive drive
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Disadvantage:
eccentricities on a shaft can be caused by chuck jaw inaccuracies
work piece slips endwise into the chuck - come off tailstock center
solutions to this» 1. make chalk mark at chuck to monitor
slipping» 2. machine a shoulder on the shaft to contact
face of chuck
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Cutting tools and tool holders
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General Single Point Turning Tools
HSS Carbide» greater rigidity» greater material removal rates
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Tool geometries (shape of tool)
grooving / parting threading knurling boring - boring bar
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Tool holders and Tool posts
mounted on compound rest and held in T-slot
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1. Standard type (obsolete)
straight shank left hand right hand
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2. Quick change
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Tools should be set on the centerline of the
work piece for turning (as well as for facing)
can set this by checking with the center in the tailstock
can set this by using a steel rule
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Checking alignment of lathe centers (4
methods)
points of centers brought together tailstock witness marks test bar - uses dial indicator mounted
on tool post cutting and measuring (most
accurate)