FCPS World II SOL Standards: WHII 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d

FCPS HS Social Studies © 2014

Revolutions in Latin America (1780-1830 C.E.)You Mean There Were Other Revolutions in the Americas Besides in the United States?

Independence in Latin AmericaSource: http://peoplecartographer.tumblr.com/post/25974370157/this-map-is-in-honor-of-windridden-who-asked-for

Colonial System in Latin AmericaBy the late 1700s, most of Latin America had been colonized especially by Spain, but also Portugal and France. Spain was able to control such a large area having outposts of colonial authority in major cities such as Mexico City, Lima, and Buenos Aires. The social structure in Latin America was very rigid. Position in society was based on birth. People born in Spain called peninsulares had the most power. Peninsulares had the highest government and Church jobs. The colonies were managed by a representative of the Spanish king called the viceroy. The Catholic Church was the official religion and had a big impact on the colonies. The economy was mainly based on mining of precious metals. Mining and farming was done by mulattos, enslaved Africans, and natives. Latin Americans, particularly the creoles, grew frustrated with having little control in their government. By the beginning of the 1800s, many Latin American countries would attempt to gain freedom from Spain.

Structure of Colonial Latin American Source: Teacher created

Other Countries Gain IndependenceDuring the early 1800s, many Latin American countries gained freedom including Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil. In Mexico, Father Miguel Hidalgo began the Mexican independence movement in 1810. Mexico eventually gained independence from Spain in 1821. Simón Bolivar, given the title “The Liberator,” was the most famous revolutionary. Bolivar was

Toussaint L’OuvertureSource: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toussaint_L%27Ouverture.jpg

Haiti Begins the RevolutionsThe French colony called Saint Domingue, modern day Haiti, was the first Latin American land to gain freedom. Haiti was a very valuable

colony because it produced a lot of sugar. There were a large number of African slaves in Haiti that worked on the sugar plantations. These slaves were treated very poorly by their masters. Former slave Toussaint L’Ouverture led a revolt against French control in the late 1790s. L’Ouverture was later captured, but the revolution continued without him. In 1804, Haiti gained independence.

The Monroe Doctrine Although most Latin American nations were independent by the 1820s, they feared European powers would try to reconquer these lands. The United States also thought this might happen. In 1823, President James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine. The document recognized the independence of the Latin American countries. It also stated the United States would consider any future attempts at colonizing as a threat to its own peace and safety. In other words, Europe should stay out of the Western Hemisphere.

a creole from Venezuela. He was inspired by the Enlightenment ideas and wanted to free his country. He liberated Venezuela in 1811 and went on to free the northern areas of Latin America.

Revolutions in Latin America (cont.) WHII 7a, 7b, 7c, and 7d

FCPS HS Social Studies © 2014

Quick Review

Connection to TodaySao Paulo, Brazil and Mexico City, Mexico are two of the most populated cities in the world. What other cities do you know in Latin America? Where have you been or where would you like to visit in Latin America? Why?

ResourcesLearn 360● Politics and Discourse in Latin American Literature: Simon Bolivar: http://goo.gl/Syb2lt

● Simon Bolivar http://worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/316821?terms=bolivarnticism

1. Peninsulares who were given authority to rule colonies in Latin America were known as-

3. What best completes the list of characteristics of colonies in Latin America?

Key VocabularyLatin America: the areas of the Western Hemisphere south of the United States. Latin America includes Mexico, Central America, South America, and islands in the Caribbean Sea.

Colonize: the process of a large country, usually from Europe, taking over another land and taking control of its politics and economy.

Outpost: a military camp in another country

Rigid: not easily changed

Peninsulares: in Spanish colonial society, colonists who were born in Spain

Viceroy: the governor of a Spanish colony in Latin America

Toussaint L’Ouverture: former slave who helped free Haiti from French rule

Monroe Doctrine: 1823 U.S. foreign policy statement warning against European interference in Latin America.

Miguel Hidalgo: priest who helped begin the Mexican independence movement

Creoles: in Spanish colonial society, a colonist who was born in Latin America to Spanish parents

Simón Bolivar: leader of the independence movements in the northern part of South America

2.

A. ViceroysB. CreolesC. HaciendasD. Encomiendas

What part of the world was most impacted by the Monroe Doctrine?A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4

A. The Monroe Doctrine governs their livesB. Major cities were established as outposts of colonial authorityC. Protestantism spreads in Latin AmericaD. Society is based on your merit and ability

4. Many of the rich creoles like Simon Bolivar studied the Enlightenment ideas. Explain what impact those ideas might have had on the revolutions in Latin America. Besides the Enlightenment, what other influences might have impacted Latin American revolutionaries?