Latin American PoliciesLatin American PoliciesThe U.S. wished to build a canal across Central America to connect her two oceans and newly acquired territories, thereby ending the long voyage around South AmericaThe French had a contract to build a canal in the Columbian province of Panama, an isthmus (a strip of land connecting two larger bodies of land)The French had failed at building the canal and the U.S. bought the lease from the French for $40 millionIn 1903, Secretary Hays negotiated a treaty for a 99 year lease on the land in exchange for $10 million and an annual rent of $250,000Columbian opposition grew against the deal. This angered President RooseveltHe used the Big Stick Foreign policyBig Stick Foreign policy to support Panamanian rebels in a revolt against Columbia and intervened against Columbia when they sent troopsOn Nov. 6, the U.S. recognized Panama’s independence and Hays signed a new treaty with the country of PanamaSome members of Congress were angered by Roosevelt’s actions but Roosevelt replied: “I took the canal zone and let Congress debate”“I took the canal zone and let Congress debate”

Building the CanalBuilding the CanalWorkers in Panama faced many hardships including heat , a damp tropical jungle, and mosquitoes that swarmed and carried many diseases including yellow fever and malaria

Colonel William GorgasColonel William Gorgas, an Army doctor went to Panama to fight the diseases

Gorgas instructed workers to drain swamps, spray insecticide, spread oil on stagnant pools of water, and cut grassy marshes in order to destroy mosquito breeding

By 1906, the measures eliminated most diseases

Without disease the canal was finished and is regarded as one of the greatest engineering feats of all time.

The canal cut through dense jungle and over mountains. Huge amounts of earth were dug out and used to build a dam, a large lake was created, and giant locks raised and lowered ships from sea level , over the mountains, and back down again on the other side.

Panama CanalPanama CanalPanama CanalPanama Canal

TR in Panama(Construction

begins in 1904)

TR in Panama(Construction

begins in 1904)

Building the CanalBuilding the CanalWorkers in Panama faced many hardships including heat , a damp tropical jungle, and mosquitoes that swarmed and carried many diseases including yellow fever and malaria

Colonel William GorgasColonel William Gorgas, an Army doctor went to Panama to fight the diseases

Gorgas instructed workers to drain swamps, spray insecticide, spread oil on stagnant pools of water, and cut grassy marshes in order to destroy mosquito breeding

By 1906, the measures eliminated most diseases

Without disease the canal was finished and is regarded as one of the greatest engineering feats of all time.

The canal cut through dense jungle and over mountains. Huge amounts of earth were dug out and used to build a dam, a large lake was created, and giant locks raised and lowered ships from sea level , over the mountains, and back down again on the other side.

The Roosevelt Corollary to The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1905the Monroe Doctrine: 1905The Roosevelt Corollary to The Roosevelt Corollary to

the Monroe Doctrine: 1905the Monroe Doctrine: 1905Chronic wrongdoing… Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately elsewhere, ultimately require intervention require intervention by some civilized by some civilized nation, and in the nation, and in the Western Hemisphere Western Hemisphere the adherence of the the adherence of the United States to the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may Monroe Doctrine may force the United force the United States, however States, however reluctantly, in flagrant reluctantly, in flagrant cases of suchcases of such wrongdoing or wrongdoing or impotence, to the impotence, to the exercise of an exercise of an international police international police powerpower .

Speak Softly,Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!But Carry a Big Stick!

Speak Softly,Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!But Carry a Big Stick!

The Cares of a Growing The Cares of a Growing FamilyFamily

The Cares of a Growing The Cares of a Growing FamilyFamily

Constable of the WorldConstable of the WorldConstable of the WorldConstable of the World

America as a Pacific America as a Pacific PowerPower

America as a Pacific America as a Pacific PowerPower

Commodore Matthew Perry Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan: 1853Opens Up Japan: 1853

Commodore Matthew Perry Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan: 1853Opens Up Japan: 1853

The Japanese View of

Commodore Perry

The Japanese View of

Commodore Perry

Treaty of Kanagawa: Treaty of Kanagawa: 18541854

Treaty of Kanagawa: Treaty of Kanagawa: 18541854

Strained Japanese - U.S. RelationsStrained Japanese - U.S. RelationsDuring the Russo-Japanese War Japanese immigration increased greatly to the U.S.Many Americans resented the Japanese immigrants as newcomers who took their jobsIn 1906, the San Francisco Board of Education ordered all Asian students attend separate schools.The Japanese government protested that a 1894 treaty had guaranteed Japanese living the the U.S. would be treated wellThey felt the U.S. broke that treatyPresident Roosevelt forced San Francisco to change its policy in return for a Gentleman’s Gentleman’s AgreementAgreement to restrict Japanese immigration to the U.S.

Although he planned no war Roosevelt in 1907, sent 16 gleaming white ships on a tour around the world to impress other nations including the Japanese who soon resolved their differences with the U.S.The Great White FleetGreat White Fleet put on world display America’s naval power

Treaty of Portsmouth: Treaty of Portsmouth: 19051905

Treaty of Portsmouth: Treaty of Portsmouth: 19051905

Nobel Peace Prize for TeddyNobel Peace Prize for Teddy

The Great White Fleet: 1907The Great White Fleet: 1907The Great White Fleet: 1907The Great White Fleet: 1907

Gentleman’s Agreement: Gentleman’s Agreement: 19081908

Gentleman’s Agreement: Gentleman’s Agreement: 19081908A Japanese note agreeing A Japanese note agreeing to deny passports toto deny passports tolaborers entering the U.S.laborers entering the U.S.

Japan recognized the U.S.Japan recognized the U.S.right to exclude Japaneseright to exclude Japaneseimmigrants holding immigrants holding passportspassportsissued by other countries.issued by other countries.

The U.S. government got The U.S. government got thetheschool board of San school board of San Francisco Francisco to rescind their order toto rescind their order tosegregate Asians in segregate Asians in separateseparateschools.schools.

1908 1908 Root-Takahira Root-Takahira AgreementAgreement..

Root-Takahira Agreement: Root-Takahira Agreement: 19081908

Root-Takahira Agreement: Root-Takahira Agreement: 19081908

A pledge to maintain the status quo A pledge to maintain the status quo in the Far East.in the Far East.

Recognition of China’s independence Recognition of China’s independence and territorial integrity, and support and territorial integrity, and support for continuation of the Open-Door for continuation of the Open-Door Policy.Policy.

An agreement to mutual consultation An agreement to mutual consultation in the event of future Far Eastern in the event of future Far Eastern crises.crises.

Lodge Corollary to the Lodge Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1912Monroe Doctrine: 1912Lodge Corollary to the Lodge Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1912Monroe Doctrine: 1912

Senator Henry Senator Henry CabotCabotLodge, Sr. (R-MA)Lodge, Sr. (R-MA)

Non-European Non-European powers,powers,like Japan, would belike Japan, would beexcluded from excluded from owningowningterritory in the territory in the WesternWesternHemisphere.Hemisphere.

Taft’s “Dollar Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”Diplomacy”

Taft’s “Dollar Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”Diplomacy”

Improve financialImprove financialopportunities for opportunities for American businesses.American businesses.

Use private capital toUse private capital tofurther U. S. interestsfurther U. S. interestsoverseas.overseas.

Therefore, the U.S. Therefore, the U.S. should create should create stability and order stability and order abroad that would abroad that would best promote best promote America’s America’s commercial interests.commercial interests.

The Mexican Revolution: The Mexican Revolution: 1910s1910s

The Mexican Revolution: The Mexican Revolution: 1910s1910s

Victoriano Huerta seizes control of Victoriano Huerta seizes control of Mexico Mexico and puts Madero in prison where he and puts Madero in prison where he was was murdered.murdered.

Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, Emiliano Emiliano Zapata, and Alvaro Obregon fought Zapata, and Alvaro Obregon fought against Huerta.against Huerta.

The U.S. also got involved by The U.S. also got involved by occupying occupying Veracruz and Huerta fled the Veracruz and Huerta fled the country.country.

Eventually Carranza would gain Eventually Carranza would gain power in power in Mexico.Mexico.

The Mexican Revolution: The Mexican Revolution: 1910s1910s

The Mexican Revolution: The Mexican Revolution: 1910s1910sEmiliano

ZapataEmiliano Zapata

Francisco I Madero

Francisco I Madero

Venustiano Carranza

Venustiano Carranza

Porfirio Diaz

Porfirio Diaz

Pancho Villa

Pancho Villa

Searching for Searching for BanditosBanditosSearching for Searching for BanditosBanditos

General John J. PershingGeneral John J. Pershing with with PanchoPanchoVillaVilla in 1914. in 1914.

U. S. Interventions in U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920sLatin America: 1898-1920s

U. S. Interventions in U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920sLatin America: 1898-1920s

Wilson’s “Moral Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”Diplomacy”

Wilson’s “Moral Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”Diplomacy”

The U. S. shouldThe U. S. shouldbe the consciencebe the conscienceof the world.of the world.

Spread Spread democracy.democracy.

Promote peace.Promote peace.

Condemn Condemn colonialism.colonialism.

Roosevelt Roosevelt CorollaryCorollary

Policing the Western Policing the Western HemisphereHemisphere

America has the right to act as “policeman” in Latin AmericaTo preserve American interests the U.S. would intervene reluctantlyThis policy was an addition to the Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine

Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy

While Roosevelt thought of American power in military terms his successor William Howard Taft took a different viewTaft wanted to alter American foreign policy by “substituting dollars “substituting dollars for bullets”for bullets”Taft was willing to intervene in other nations when U.S. business interests were threatenedHe believed American investments would bring stability to troubled areas of the world as well as profit and power to the U.S.

Moral Moral DiplomacyDiplomacy

Woodrow Wilson believed in the ideals of American Democracy. Wilson understood the need for military power but also attempted to follow a foreign policy based on moral principles.

Uncle Sam: One of the Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”“Boys?”

Uncle Sam: One of the Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”“Boys?”