law commission report no. 212- laws of civil marriages in india a proposal to resolve certain...
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8/18/2019 Law Commission Report No. 212- Laws of Civil Marriages in India a Proposal to Resolve Certain Conflicts
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GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
LAW
COMMISSION
OF
INDIA
Laws of Civil Marriages in India –
A ro!osal "o Resolve Cer"ain Confli#"s
Report No. 212
OCTOBER 2008
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LAW COMMISSION OF INDIA (REPORT NO. 212)
Laws of Civil Marriages in India –
A ro!osal "o Resolve Cer"ain Confli#"s
Forwarded "o Dr$ %$ R$ &'ardwa() *nion Minis"er for
Law and +,s"i#e) Minis"r- of Law and +,s"i#e)
Govern.en" of India /- Dr$ +,s"i#e AR$ La0s'.anan)
Char!a"# Law Co..ission of India) on 12"' da- ofO#"o/er) 3445$
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T'e 15"' Law Co..ission was #ons"i","ed for a !eriod of
"'ree -ears fro. 1s" Se!"e./er) 3446 /- Order No$
A$784139193446:Ad.n$III ;LA< da"ed "'e 16"' O#"o/er)
3446) iss,ed /- "'e Govern.en" of India) Minis"r- of Lawand +,s"i#e) De!ar".en" of Legal Affairs) New Del'i$
T'e Law Co..ission #onsis"s of "'e C'air.an) "'e
Me./er:Se#re"ar-) one f,ll:"i.e Me./er and seven
!ar":"i.e Me./ers$
C'air.an
%on=/le Dr$ +,s"i#e AR$ La0s'.anan
Me./er:Se#re"ar-
Dr$ &ra'. A$ Agrawal
F,ll:"i.e Me./er
rof$ Dr$ Ta'ir Ma'.ood
ar":"i.e Me./ers
Dr$ ;Mrs$< Devinder >,.ari Ra'e(a
Dr$ >$ N$ C'andrase0'aran illai
rof$ ;Mrs$< La0s'.i +a./'ol0ar
S."$ >ir"i Sing'S'ri +,s"i#e I$ Ven0a"anara-ana
S'ri O$$ S'ar.a
Dr$ ;Mrs$< S'-a.l'a a!!,
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T'e Law Co..ission is lo#a"ed in ILI &,ilding)
3nd Floor) &'agwan Das Road)
New Del'i:114 441
Law Co..ission S"aff
Me./er:Se#re"ar-
Dr$ &ra'. A$ Agrawal
Resear#' S"aff
S'ri S,s'il >,.ar ? +oin" Se#re"ar- @ Law Offi#er
Ms$ awan S'ar.a ? Addi"ional Law Offi#er
S'ri +$ T$ S,laan Rao ? Addi"ional Law Offi#er
S'ri A$ >$ *!ad'-a- ? De!,"- Law Offi#er
Dr$ V$ >$ Sing' ? Assis"an" Legal Adviser
Ad.inis"ra"ive S"aff
S'ri S,s'il >,.ar ? +oin" Se#re"ar- @ Law Offi#er
S'ri D$ C'o,d',r- ? *nder Se#re"ar-
S'ri S$ >$ &as, ? Se#"ion Offi#er
S."$ Ra(ni S'ar.a ? Assis"an" Li/rar- @
Infor.a"ion Offi#er
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T'e "e" of "'is Re!or" is availa/le on "'e In"erne" a"
'""!?99www$law#o..issionofindia$ni#$in
B Govern.en" of India
Law Co..ission of India
T'e "e" in "'is do#,.en" ;e#l,ding "'e Govern.en"
Logo< .a- /e re!rod,#ed free of #'arge in an- for.a" or
.edi,. !rovided "'a" i" is re!rod,#ed a##,ra"el- and no"
,sed in a .isleading #on"e"$ T'e .a"erial .,s" /e
a#0nowledged as "'e Govern.en" of India #o!-rig'" and
"'e "i"le of "'e do#,.en" s!e#ified$
An- en,iries rela"ing "o "'is Re!or" s'o,ld /e addressed
"o "'e Me./er:Se#re"ar- and sen" ei"'er /- !os" "o "'e
Law Co..ission of India) 3nd Floor) ILI &,ilding)
&'agwan Das Road) New Del'i:114441) India or /- e.ail
"o l#i:dlani#$in
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http://www.lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/mailto:[email protected]://www.lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/mailto:[email protected]
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DO No. 6(3)133/2007-LC(LS) 17 October, 2008
Dear Dr. Bhar!a" #$,
S%b& La!' o C$$* +arr$ae' $ $a
roo'a* to e'o*e Certa$ Co*$ct'
hae reat *ea'%re $ or!ar$ here!$th the 212th eort o the La!
Co$''$o o $a o the aboe '%b"ect.
he '%b"ect ha' bee tae % suo motu or a re''$ ee to ae the Sec$a*+arr$ae ct, 154 a the ore$ +arr$ae ct, 16. N%ero%' arr$ae' tae *ace
!$th$ $a a $ ore$ co%tr$e' !h$ch are o%t'$e the ab$t o ar$o%' er'oa* *a!'a' !e** a' the9 caot be oere b9 the eera* a coo *a! o c$$* arr$ae' or
the rea'o o ot ha$ bee ora**9 'o*e$:e or re$'tere %er $t. ho%h the'e
eactet' are eat e;%a**9 or a** co%$t$e' o $a, 9et the9 cota$ e! ro$'$o' !h$ch reat*9 $h$b$t eo*e o certa$ co%$t$e' to aa$* the. or the
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?ee$ th$' $ $, the La! Co$''$o ha' '%e'te certa$ aeet' $
both the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct, 154 a the ore$ +arr$ae ct, 16 'o that the$r ro$'$o' becoe %$or*9 aa$*ab*e to a *arer %ber o arr$ae' o a** $a
co%$t$e'. accete a $*eete, the recoeat$o' !$** o a *o !a9 $
o%*ar$:$ c$$* arr$ae'.
aco!*ee the e=te'$e cotr$b%t$o ae b9 ro. Dr. ah$r +ahoo,
%**-t$e +eber, $ rear$ th$' eort.
@$th !ar rear',
Ao%r' '$cere*9,
(Dr. #%'t$ce . La'haa)
Dr.
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CONTENTS
C'a!"er ae No.
C'a!"er I? In"rod,#"ion 0
C'a!"er II? T'e S!e#ial Marriage A#" 187
. O* Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 1872 11
B. Ne! Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 12
C. ter-e*$$o%' C$$* +arr$ae' 13
C'a!"er III? T'e Foreign Marriage A#" 16
. So*e$:at$o o Ne! +arr$ae' 15
B. e$'trat$o o >=$'t$ +arr$ae' 16
C'a!"er IV? T'e ro'i/i"ed Degrees in Marriage
. Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 1872 17
B. Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 17
C. ore$ +arr$ae ct 16 20
C'a!"er V? T'e A!!li#a/le Law of S,##ession
. er the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 1872 21
B. er the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 22
C. >ect o the eet o 176 23
D. er the ore$ +arr$ae ct 16 26
C'a!"er VI? Re#o..enda"ions 27
C%ATER I
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In"rod,#"ion
er the re'et *ea* '9'te o $a c$t$:e' hae a cho$ce bet!ee the$r
re'ect$e re*$$o-ba'e a co%$t9-'ec$$c arr$ae *a!' o the oe haa, o the other ha, the eera* a coo *a! o c$$* arr$ae'. @h$*e the
*a!' o the $r't o the'e cateor$e' are eera**9 e'cr$be b9 the coe$o%'
e=re''$o er'oa* *a!'E, the *atter *a! $' o% $ the o**o!$ t!o
eactet'&
($) Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154F a
($$) ore$ +arr$ae ct 16.
he $r't o the'e ct' $' eat or tho'e ett$ arr$e !$th$ the co%tr9 a
the *atter or tho'e $a c$t$:e' !ho a9 arr9 $ a ore$ co%tr9.
he Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 $' ot cocere !$th the re*$$o o the
art$e' to a $tee arr$ae. 9 er'o, !h$cheer re*$$o he or 'he
roe''e', a9 arr9 %er $t' ro$'$o' e$ther !$th$ h$' or her co%$t9 or $
a co%$t9 other tha h$' or her o!, ro$e that the $tee arr$ae $
e$ther ca'e $' $ accor !$th the co$t$o' or arr$ae *a$ o! $ th$' ct
GSect$o 4H.
he Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 a*'o ro$e' the ac$*$t9 o t%r$ a
e=$'t$ re*$$o%' arr$ae $to a c$$* arr$ae b9 re$'ter$ $t %er $t'
ro$'$o', ro$e that $t $' $ accor !$th the co$t$o or arr$ae *a$ o!
%er th$' ct GSect$o 15H.
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he ct ro$e' or the ao$tet o +arr$ae O$cer' !ho ca both
'o*e$:e a $tee arr$ae a re$'ter a re-e=$'t$ arr$ae oere b9
a9 other *a! GSect$o 3H.
he ore$ +arr$ae ct 16 ac$*$tate' 'o*e$:at$o o c$$* arr$ae'
b9 $a c$t$:e' o%t'$e the co%tr9, !$th aother c$t$:e or !$th a ore$er.
h$' ct a*'o $' ot cocere !$th the re*$$o o the art$e' to a $tee
arr$aeF a9 er'o ca arr9 %er $t' ro$'$o' e$ther !$th$ h$' or her o!
co%$t9 or $ a $eret co%$t9.
or carr9$ $t' %ro'e' the ore$ +arr$ae ct eo!er' the Cetra*
oeret to e'$ate +arr$ae O$cer' $ a** $t' $*oat$c $''$o' abroa.
N%ero%' arr$ae' tae *ace $ $a !h$ch are o%t'$e the ab$t o
ar$o%' er'oa* *a!' b%t caot be oere b9 the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct e$ther
or the rea'o o ot ha$ bee ora**9 'o*e$:e or re$'tere %er $t. he
;%e't$o !h$ch *a! !o%* the a*9 to '%ch arr$ae' rea$' %re'o*e.
Both the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 a the ore$ +arr$ae ct 16 are
eat e;%a**9 or a** $a co%$t$e'. Aet the9 cota$ 'oe ro$'$o' !h$ch
reat*9 $h$b$t eber' o certa$ co%$t$e' to aa$* the$r ro$'$o'.
o eet the'e cocer' the re'et reort 'ee' to '%e't certa$
aeet' $ both the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 a the ore$ +arr$ae ct
16. he %ro'e o the'e '%e't$o' $' to ae the t!o ct' aa$*ab*e to a
*arer %ber o arr$ae' tha the9 o! are a to ae the !$e*9 accetab*e
to a** co%$t$e' o $a.
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C%ATER II
T'e S!e#ial Marriage A#" 187
. Old Special Marriage Act 1872
he $r't *a! o c$$* arr$ae' $ $a !a' the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 1872
eacte %r$ the Br$t$'h r%*e o the recoeat$o o the $r't La!
Co$''$o o re-$eeece era. t !a' a ot$oa* *a! $$t$a**9 ae
aa$*ab*e o*9 to tho'e !ho $ ot roe'' a9 o the ar$o%' a$th tra$t$o' o
$a. he
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B. New Special Marriage Act 1954
154 the $r't Sec$a* +arr$ae ct o 1872 !a' reea*e b9 a re*ace !$th
a e! *a! bear$ the 'ae t$t*e. h$' $' a ot$oa* *a!, a a*terat$e to each othe ar$o%' er'oa* *a!', aa$*ab*e to a** c$t$:e' $ a** tho'e area' !here $t $' $
orce. e*$$o o the art$e' to a $tee arr$ae $' $ater$a* %er th$' ctF
oe ca arr9 %er $t' ro$'$o' both !$th$ a o%t'$e oeI' co%$t9.
he Sec$a* +arr$ae ct oe' ot b9 $t'e* or a%toat$ca**9 a*9 to a9
arr$aeF $t ca be o*%tar$*9 ote or b9 the art$e' to a $tee arr$ae $
reerece to the$r er'oa* *a!'. t cota$' $t' o! e*aborate ro$'$o' o
$orce, %**$t9 a other atr$o$a* ca%'e' a, %*$e the $r't Sec$a* +arr$ae
ct o 1872, oe' ot ae the D$orce ct 186 a*$cab*e to arr$ae'
oere b9 $t' ro$'$o'.
or the
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C. Inter!eligious "i#il Marriages
he Sec$a* +arr$ae ct $' aa$*ab*e a*'o or $ter-re*$$o%' arr$ae' a oe'
ot e=et a9 co%$t9 ro $t' ro$'$o' $ th$' re'ect.
he
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he $a D$orce ct, ho!eer, 'a9' that $t !$** a*9 ee $ o*9 oe art9 $' a
Chr$'t$a. h$' $' aother co*$ct-o-*a! '$t%at$o.
$e! o the'e co*$ct' o ar$o%' er'oa* *a!', a** e;%a**9 reco$:e $$a, $t !$** be $ the $te'' o th$' that a** $ter-re*$$o%' arr$ae' Ge=cet
tho'e !$th$ the e $ '%ch a arr$ae ha' bee
'o*e$:e %er a9 other *a!, or the %ro'e' o atr$o$a* ca%'e' a
ree$e' the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct ca be ae a*$cab*e to the. S%ch a oe
!$** br$ a** $ter-re*$$o%' arr$ae' $ the co%tr9 %er %$or *a!. h$' !$**
be $ accorace !$th the %er*9$ r$c$*e o rt$c*e 44 o the Co't$t%t$o o
$a re*at$ to %$or c$$* coe.
he !or Sec$a*E $ the cat$o o the ct ee' reco'$erat$o. 1872
!he the $r't *a! o c$$* arr$ae' !a' eacte a o-re*$$o%' arr$ae co%*
be reare a' 'ec$a*E a' the art$e' to '%ch a arr$ae ha to eo%ce the$r
re*$$o. +arr$ae b9 re*$$o%' r$te' !a' the the r%*e a a c$$* arr$ae co%* be
o*9 a e=cet$o. No! $ the t!et9-$r't cet%r9 ca**$ o-re*$$o%' c$$*
arr$ae' 'ec$a*E ha' *$tt*e "%'t$$cat$o. Be$ a %$or *a! !h$ch the art$e'
to a9 $tee arr$ae ca ot or $rre'ect$e o the$r re*$$o or er'oa* *a!,
$t ee ot be e'cr$be a' a *a! ro$$ or a 'ec$a*E or o arr$ae. t
ro"ect' '%ch arr$ae' a' %%'%a* a e=tra-or$ar9 a create' $'$$' $
the $' o the eera* %b*$c.
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C%ATER III
T'e Foreign Marriage A#" 16
. Solemni'ation o( New Marriages
ore$ +arr$ae ct !a' $r't eacte $ $a $ 103 %r$ the Br$t$'h r%*e.
t rea$e $ orce t$** 16 !he a e! ore$ +arr$ae ct !a' eacte o
the atter o the e! Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154.
er th$' ct a arr$ae a9 be 'o*e$:e, $ a ore$ co%tr9,
bet!ee t!o $a' or a $a a a ore$er, $rre'ect$e $ e$ther ca'e o there*$$o a er'oa* *a! o the art$e', $ the co$t$o' or arr$ae *a$ o! $
the ct are %*$**e (Sect$o 4).
he oeret o $a $' eo!ere b9 th$' ct to ao$t +arr$ae
O$cer' $ ore$ co%tr$e' ro ao't $t' $*oat$c a co'%*ar 'ta $
tho'e co%tr$e' (Sect$o 3).
he ct oe' ot hae a9 ro$'$o re*at$ to $orce, %**$t9 or a9
other atr$o$a* ree9 or re*$e. or th$' %ro'e the ct ae' the re*eat
ro$'$o' o the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 a*$cab*e, mutatis mutandis, a*'o to
a** arr$ae' 'o*e$:e or re$'tere %er $t' ro$'$o' (Sect$o 18).
he ct $' et$re*9 ot$oa* a $t' ro$'$o' o ot aer'e*9 aect the
a*$$t9 o a arr$ae 'o*e$:e $ a ore$ co%tr9 other!$'e tha %er $t'
ro$'$o' (Sect$o 27).
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B. !egistration o( )*isting Marriages
arr$ae 'o*e$:e $ a ore$ co%tr9 %er a9 other *a! $c*%$ the
*oca* *a! o that co%tr9 ca be re$'tere %er the ore$ +arr$ae ct 16 $$t %*$*' the co$t$o' or a*$$t9 o arr$ae' *a$ o! $ th$' ct GSect$o 17
(1) to (3)H.
he roce%re or re$'trat$o o re-e=$'t$ arr$ae' %er the ct $'
'ae a' or 'o*e$:at$o o e! arr$ae'.
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C%ATER IV
T'e ro'i/i"ed Degrees in Marriage
. Special Marriage Act 1872
he cocet o roh$b$te eree' $ arr$aeE $' reco$:e b9 a** '9'te' o
a$*9 *a! a eera**9 eer9 a$*9 *a! ha' $t' o! *$'t o re*at$e' !$th !ho
oe caot arr9. he Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 1872 $ ot cota$ a9 '%ch *$'t
a o*9 *a$ o! that&
he art$e' %'t ot be re*ate to each other $ a9 eree oco'a%$$t9 or a$$t9 !h$ch !o%*, accor$ to a9 *a! to
!h$ch e$ther o the $' '%b"ect, reer a arr$ae bet!ee the
$**ea*.E
h%', $ re'ect to roh$b$te eree' $ arr$ae $ a $tee c$$* arr$ae to
be re%*ate b9 the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 1872 er'oa* *a!' o the art$e',
coo or $eret, rea$e $ orce.
B. Special Marriage Act 1954
he e! Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 !ho**9 chae' the '$t%at$o $ re'ect o
roh$b$te eree' $ arr$ae. Oe o the co$t$o' or a $tee c$$*
arr$ae to be 'o*e$:e %er th$' ct $' that the art$e' are ot !$th$ the
eree' o roh$b$te re*at$o'h$E GSect$o 4 ()H. he e=re''$o eree' o
roh$b$te re*at$o'h$E $' e$e $ Sect$o 2 (b) o the ct a' a a a a9 o
the er'o' et$oe $ art o the $r't Sche%*e a a !oa a a9 o the
er'o' et$oe $ art o the 'a$ Sche%*e.E h%', %*$e the $r't Sec$a*
+arr$ae ct 1872 th$' ct $cororate' $t' o! *$'t o roh$b$te eree' $
arr$ae, 'earate or e a !oe.
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each o the t!o *$'t' o roh$b$te eree' there are 37 etr$e'. he
re*at$o' et$oe $ the $r't 33 etr$e' $ each *$'t are reare a' roh$b$te
eree' $ arr$ae %er a** other *a!', both co$$e a %co$$e. he'eetr$e', thereore, o ot $h$b$t a9 er'o o !hateer re*$$o ro ot$ or a
c$$* arr$ae. he *a't o%r etr$e' $ the t!o *$'t' et$oe be*o!, ho!eer,
o'e a rob*e or certa$ co%$t$e'&
(a) +ist I ,(or men-
34. atherI' brotherI' 'o
35. atherI' '$'terI' 'o
36. +otherI' '$'terI' 'o
37. +otherI' brotherI' 'o
(b) +ist II ,(or women-
34. atherI' brotherI' a%hter
35. atherI' '$'terI' a%hter
36. +otherI' '$'terI' a%hter
37. +otherI' brotherI' a%hter
h%' a** $r't co%'$' atera* a atera*, ara**e* a cro'' are
*ace b9 the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct $ the cateor9 o roh$b$te ar$ta*
re*at$o'h$.
he Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 ae' a ro$'$o or re*a=at$o o the r%*e
o roh$b$te eree' $ arr$ae. o the co$t$o that art$e' to a $tee c$$*
arr$ae %'t ot be !$th$ roh$b$te eree' o arr$ae the ct a' the
o**o!$ ro$'o&
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ro$e that !here a c%'to oer$ at *ea't oe o the art$e' er$t' a arr$ae bet!ee the, '%ch arr$ae a9 be 'o*e$:e
ot!$th'ta$ that the9 are !$th$ the eree' o roh$b$te
re*at$o'h$.E Gc*a%'e () o Sect$o 4H
he !or c%'toE a' %'e $ th$' ro$'o $' e$e b9 the ct $ the
o**o!$ ter'&
th$' 'ect$o Jc%'toI $ re*at$o to a er'o be*o$ to a9 tr$be
co%$t9, ro% or a$*9, ea' a9 r%*e !h$ch the State
oeret a9, b9 ot$$cat$o $ the O$c$a* a:ette, 'ec$9 $
th$' beha* a' a*$cab*e to eber' o that tr$be, co%$t9, ro%
or a$*9.E G>=*aat$o to Sect$o 4H.
he o'$t$o o $r't co%'$' %er the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 $' $
accor !$th the
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Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154, ho!eer, oe' ot *ace a9 'eco co%'$ $ $t' t!o
*$'t' o roh$b$te eree' $ arr$ae.
he co'e;%ece o the'e *ea* ro$'$o' $' that $ a
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C%ATER V
T'e A!!li#a/le Law of S,##ession
. 0nder t$e Special Marriage Act 1872
' ha' bee 'tate aboe, the $r't Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 1872 co%* $$t$a**9 be
aa$*e o*9 b9 tho'e !ho $ ot c*a$ to be
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125 a** '%cce''$o *a!' the e=$'t$ !ere $cororate $to a e! a
corehe'$e $a S%cce''$o ct. o the *a!' ere $to th$'
co'o*$at$ *a! !ere the o* $a S%cce''$o o 1865, the ar'$ S%cce''$oct 1865 a the
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h$' ro$'$o !a' %$or*9 a*$cab*e to !hoeer ote or a c$$* arr$ae,
!hether !$th$ or o%t'$e oeI' co%$t9. ' a re'%*t, a** er'oa* *a!' o
'%cce''$o cea'e to a*9 $ the ca'e' o c$$* arr$ae'. .
C. )((ect o( t$e Amendment o( 197/
O the recoeat$o o the La! Co$''$o o $a (5 th eort, 174)
ar*$aet eacte the +arr$ae La!' (eet) ct 176. h$' ct ae
Sect$o 21- to the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154, !h$ch rea' a' o**o!'&
@here the arr$ae $' 'o*e$:e %er th$' ct o a9 er'o !ho
roe''e' the
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($) @here a ar'$ ot' or a c$$* arr$ae, !hether !$th$ or o%t'$e
h$' co%$t9 the eera* $her$tace *a! %er the $a
S%cce''$o ct !$** a*9 -- ot the ar'$ '%cce''$o *a! a'
$cororate $ that ct.
() @here a Chr$'t$a ot' or a c$$* arr$ae, !hether !$th$ or
o%t'$e the Chr$'t$a co%$t9, the $a S%cce''$o ct !$**
a*9.
er the $act o the +arr$ae La!' (eet) ct 176, th%',
c$t$:e' o $a ot$ or a c$$* arr$ae are c*a''$$e $to three cateor$e',
$:.&
(a)
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ba'e *a! o $her$tace co$$e $ the or o the ar'$ S%cce''$o ct 1865 !h$ch
!a', o the$r ea, re'ere ee %er the e! co'o*$at$ *a! ca**e the
$a S%cce''$o ct 125. or th$' rea'o o ar'$ !at' to ae %'e o the Sec$a*
+arr$ae ct 154 a' $t !o%* er$e the o the$r *a! o '%cce''$o.
here 'ee' to be o rea'o !h9 the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 'ho%* at a**
ae a ro$'$o rear$ '%cce''$o *a! to be a*$e $ ca'e o c$$* arr$ae'.
er the o* Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 1872 art$e' to a c$$* arr$ae ha to $''oc$ate
the'e*e' ro re*$$o a 'o a9 co%$t9-'ec$$c *a! o '%cce''$o co%* ot
a*9 $ a9 '%ch ca'e. ' th$' !o%* create a ac%%, $t !a' %ao$ab*e to ae
the $a S%cce''$o ct 1865 a*$cab*e to the. B%t, th$' $' ot the ca'e %er the
e! Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 %er !h$ch there $' o ee to reo%ce re*$$o $
a9 ca'e o a c$$* arr$ae. So, '%cce''$o to the roert$e' o the art$e' a9 !e**
cot$%e to be oere b9 the$r re'ect$e er'oa* *a!', !hether the9 be*o to the
'ae co%$t9 or to t!o $eret co%$t$e' e'ec$a**9 '$ce $ th$' co%tr9
there $' o cocet o a arr$e co%*eI' "o$t roert9.
t a9, o co%r'e, be ae o''$b*e or a9 $$$%a* to ot or the $a
S%cce''$o ct 125 $rre'ect$e o !hether h$' or her arr$ae $' a c$$* arr$ae or
a re*$$o%' arr$ae oere b9 a er'oa* *a!. B%t the re'et *$ae bet!ee c$$*
arr$ae' a the a*$cab*e *a! o '%cce''$o 'ere' o %ro'e. O the cotrar9,
or certa$ co%$t$e' $t $' a $'co%raeet a a 'er$o%' $h$b$t$o aa$'t ot$
or a c$$* arr$ae.
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D. 0nder the oreign Marriage Act 19/9
Noe o the ro$'$o' re*at$ to "o$t a$*9 'tat%', $her$tace r$ht' o art$e'
to a c$$* arr$ae a the '%cce''$o *a! a*$cab*e to the art$e' a the$r $orch$*re a the$r %t%re e'ceat' o% $ the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 $'
a *ace $ the ore$ +arr$ae ct 16 !h$ch $' '$*et o the'e $''%e'.
h%', e'$te 'o*e$:at$o or re$'trat$o o a arr$ae %er the ore$
+arr$ae ct 16 the art$e', the$r $''%e' a %t%re e'ceat' rea$ '%b"ect
to the 'ae *a! o '%cce''$o !h$ch !o%* a*9 other!$'e.
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C%ATER VI
Re#o..enda"ions
the *$ht o a** that ha' bee 'a$ aboe !e $ that there $' a re''$ ee to
ae the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 a the ore$ +arr$ae ct 16. @$th a
$e! to are''$ th$' ee !e ae the o**o!$ recoeat$o'&
1. he !or Sec$a*E be roe ro the t$t*e o the Sec$a* +arr$ae
ct 154 a $t be '$*9 ca**e he +arr$ae ct 154E or he
+arr$ae a D$orce ct 154.E he '%e'te chae !$** create ae'$rab*e ee*$ that th$' $' the eera* *a! o $a o arr$ae a
$orce a that there $' oth$ 'ec$a*E abo%t a arr$ae
'o*e$:e %er $t' ro$'$o'. t $' $ act arr$ae' 'o*e$:e%er the co%$t9-'ec$$c *a!' !h$ch 'ho%* be reare a'
'ec$a*.E
2. ro$'$o be ae to the a*$cat$o c*a%'e $ the Sec$a* +arr$ae
ct 154 that a** $ter-re*$$o%' arr$ae' e=cet tho'e !$th$ the
=*aat$o to
Sect$o 4 o the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 be e*ete.
5. he 'ae ro$'$o $ re'ect o roh$b$te eree' $ arr$ae (a'
'%e'te $ ararah 3 aboe) be $cororate a*'o $to Sect$o 4 o
the ore$ +arr$ae ct 16. he ro$'o to c*a%'e () o that
Sect$o a c*a%'e (a) o Sect$o 2 o the ct be e*ete.
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6. ** reerece' to '%cce''$o a "o$t a$*9 be reoe ro the
Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 a Sect$o' 1, 20, 21 a 21- o the
Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154, ea*$ !$th '%cce''$o a eber'h$
o "o$t a$*9, be reea*e.
7. ro$'$o be $'erte $to the $a S%cce''$o ct 125 that a9
er'o !h$cheer co%$t9 he or 'he be*o' to a9, b9 a
ec*arat$o o a$a$t or b9 a !r$tte a %*9 atte'te !$**, ot orthe a*$cat$o o th$' ct $'tea o the *a! o '%cce''$o other!$'e
a*$cab*e to h$ or her.
@e hae a co'$ere o$$o that the'e recoeat$o', $ accete
a $*eete, !$** o a *o !a9 $ o%*ar$:$ c$$* arr$ae' a
'$ce a** '%ch arr$ae' !o%* be oere b9 the 'ae *a! $t !$** be a
$ht9 'te to!ar' tra'*at$ $to act$o the $ea* o %$or$t9 $ c$$*
*a!' e$'ae b9 rt$c*e 44 o the Co't$t%t$o o $a.
;Dr$ +,s"i#e AR$ La0s'.anan<
C'air.an
;rof$ Dr$ Ta'ir Ma'.ood< ;Dr$ &ra'. A$ Agrawal<
Me./er Me./er:Se#re"ar-
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