law commission report no. 216- non-feasibility of introduction of hindi as compulsory language in...

8/18/2019 Law Commission Report No. 216- Non-Feasibility of Introduction of Hindi as Compulsory Language in the Suprem…

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GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

LAWCOMMISSION

OFINDIA

NON-FEASIBILITY OF INTRODUCTION OF HINDI ASCOMPULSORY LANGUAGE IN THE SUPREME COURT OFINDIA

Report No. 216

December 2008

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LAW COMMISSION OF INDIARE!ORT NO. 216"

NON-FEASIBILITY OF INTRODUCTION OF HINDI ASCOMPULSORY LANGUAGE IN THE SUPREME COURT OFINDIA

!re#e$te% to Dr. &.R.'()r%*)+, -$o$ M$#ter /or L)* #tce,M$#tr3 o/ L)* #tce, Go4er$me$t o/ I$%), b3Dr. #tce AR. L)5#(m)$)$, C()rm)$, L)* Comm##o$ o/ I$%), o$t(e 1t( %)3 o/ December, 2008.

The 18th Law Commiio! wa "o!tit#te$ %o& a 'e&io$ o% th&ee (ea& %&om 1t Se'tem)e&* +,, )( O&$e& No.A./0,1+1+,,-A$m!.III 2LA3 $ate$ the 1th O"to)e&* +,,*

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i#e$ )( the Go4e&!me!t o% I!$ia* Mi!it&( o% Law a!$5#ti"e* De'a&tme!t o% Le6a7 A%%ai&* New De7hi.

The Law Commiio! "o!it o% the Chai&ma!* theMem)e&-Se"&eta&(* o!e %#77-time Mem)e& a!$ e4e! 'a&t-time Mem)e&.

Chai&ma!

Ho!)7e D& 5#ti"e AR. La9hma!a!

Mem)e&-Se"&eta&(

D& B&ahm A. A6&awa7

F#77-time Mem)e&

P&o%. D& Tahi& Mahmoo$

Pa&t-time Mem)e&

D& 2M&3 De4i!$e& :#ma&i Rahe;aD& :. N. Cha!$&ae9ha&a! Pi77aiP&o%. 2M&3 La9hmi 5am)ho79a& Smt. :i&ti Si!6hSh&i 5#ti"e I.


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New De7hi-11, ,,1

Law Commiio! Sta%%

Mem)e&-Se"&eta&(

D& B&ahm A. A6&awa7

Reea&"h Sta%%

Sh&i S#hi7 :#ma& = 5oi!t Se"&eta&( > Law O%%i"e& M. Pawa! Sha&ma = A$$itio!a7 Law O%%i"e& Sh&i 5. T. S#7a?a! Rao = A$$itio!a7 Law O%%i"e& Sh&i A. :. U'a$h(a( = De'#t( Law O%%i"e& D&


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The te?t o% thi Re'o&t i a4ai7a)7e o! the I!te&!et at

http://www.lawcommissionofindia.nic.in

@ Go4e&!me!t o% I!$iaLaw Commiio! o% I!$ia

The te?t i! thi $o"#me!t 2e?"7#$i!6 the Go4e&!me!tLo6o3 ma( )e &e'&o$#"e$ %&ee o% "ha&6e i! a!( %o&mat o& me$i#m '&o4i$e$ that it i &e'&o$#"e$ a""#&ate7( a!$ !ot#e$ i! a mi7ea$i!6 "o!te?t. The mate&ia7 m#t )ea"9!ow7e$6e$ a the Go4e&!me!t o% I!$ia "o'(&i6ht a!$the tit7e o% the $o"#me!t 'e"i%ie$.

A!( e!#i&ie &e7ati!6 to thi Re'o&t ho#7$ )e a$$&ee$to the Mem)e&-Se"&eta&( a!$ e!t eithe& )( 'ot to theLaw Commiio! o% I!$ia* +!$ F7oo&* ILI B#i7$i!6* Bha6wa!

Da Roa$* New De7hi-11,,,1* I!$ia o& )( emai7 to lci-

[email protected]

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Dr. #tce AR. L)5#(m)$)$ ILI '7%$ II$%F7oor",Former %e, Spreme Cort o/ I$%)" '()*)$%)# Ro)%,

C()rm)$, L)* Comm##o$ o/ I$%) Ne* De7(9110 001 Te7.: ;191192


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T(e L)* Comm##o$ )%%re##e% 7etter# to #ome o/ t(e retre%C(e/ #tce# )$% %e# o/ t(e Spreme Cort o/ I$%), Se$or

A%4oc)te# /rom %//ere$t p)rt# o/ I$%) )$% )7#o /rom t(e %//ere$t ')r A##oc)to$# $ %//ere$t St)te# re)r%$ recomme$%)to$# o/ t(eCommttee o/ !)r7)me$t o$ O//c)7 L)$)e o$ t(e propo#)7 to)me$% )rtc7e


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4" At )$3 r)te $o 7)$)e #(o7% be t(r#t po$ t(e %e#o/ t(e ((er +%c)r3 )$% t(e3 #(o7% be 7e/t /ree to %e74er t(er

+%me$t# $ t(e 7)$)e t(e3 pre/er. It # mport)$t to remember t()te4er3 cte$, e4er3 Cort ()# t(e r(t to $%er#t)$% t(e 7)* 7)% %o*$/$)773 b3 t(e Ape? Cort )$% )t pre#e$t o$e #(o7% )pprec)te t()t#c( ) 7)$)e i o!7( E!67ih.

4" T(e #e o/ E$7#( 7)$)e )7#o /)c7t)te# t(e mo4eme$to/ 7)*3er# /rom &( Cort# to t(e Ape? Cort #$ce t(e3 )re $otco$/ro$te% *t( )$3 7$#tc prob7em# )$% E$7#( rem)$# t(e7)$)e )t bot( t(e 7e4e7#. A$3 #r4e3 o/ t(e #ocet3 $ e$er)7 or t#cro##9#ecto$# *77 c7e)r73 #b#t)$t)te t(e )bo4e propo#to$ *(c(

%oe# $ot )%mt o/ mc( %eb)te, p)rtc7)r73 $ t(e pre#e$t po7tc)7,#oc)7 )$% eco$omc #ce$)ro.

4" It m)3, (o*e4er, be )%mtte% t()t $ #o /)r )# 7e#7)t4e%r)/t$ # co$cer$e%, e4er3 7e#7)to$ )7t(o( )t(ort)t4e73 e$)cte%$ E$7#( m)3 ()4e ) &$% )t(ort)t4e tr)$#7)to$ )7o$ *t( t(e#)me )t t(e ce$tr)7 7e4e7. S)me )$)7o3 m)3 be )pp7e% e4e$ $re#pect o/ e?ect4e )cto$# )t t(e ce$tr)7 7e4e7, bt t(e ((er +%c)r3#(o7% $ot be #b+ecte% to )$3 5$% o/ e4e$ per#)#4e c()$e $ t(epre#e$t #ocet)7 co$te?t.

Bor##$cere73,

Dr. #tce AR.L)5#(m)$)$"

Dr. &.R.'()r%*)+,&o$b7e M$#ter /or L)* #tce,Go4er$me$t o/ I$%),M$#tr3 o/ L)* +#tce,S()#tr '()*)$,Ne* De7(9110001.

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CONTENTS

Cha'te& Pa6e No.

Cha'te& I: I$tro%cto$ 10

Cha'te& II: Re7e4)$t pro4#o$# o/ t(e Co$#ttto$ o/ I$%) 1291<

Cha'te& III= Ve*# o/ %e#, Se$or A%4oc)te#, &(Cort A%4oc)te# A##oc)to$# o$ t(e propo#)7 to )me$% )rtc7e


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RE!ORT ON NON9FEASI'ILITB OF INTROD-CTION OF &INDI ASCOM!-LSORB LANG-AGE IN T&E S-!REME CO-RT OF INDIA.

CHAPTER II!t&o$#"tio!

T(# Report %e)7# *t( t(e recomme$%)to$# o/ t(e Commttee o/

!)r7)me$t o$ O//c)7 L)$)e m)%e $ t# Report )t S.No.16.8%" )$%

16.8e" #t)te% $%er Re#o7to$ No. 11011@>@200


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prop))to$ o/ &$% /or o//c)7 prpo#e#, t(e po#to$ o/ &$% $ t(e

/e7% o/ L)*, or$)7 #e o/ &$% $ Go4er$me$t *or5, to t(e !re#%e$t.

A/ter co$#%er$ t(e 4e*# o/ e?pre##e% b3 4)ro# -$o$ M$#tre#@Dep)rtme$t# )$% t(e St)te#@-$o$ Terrtore# Go4er$me$t#, t(e

M$#tr3 o/ &ome A//)r#, Dep)rtme$t o/ O//c)7 L)$)e co$4e3e%

$%er t(e #)% Re#o7to$ %)te% 1, t(e Or%er# o/ t(e !re#%e$t

m)%e $%er #ecto$ ==" o/ t(e O//c)7 L)$)e# Act, 1;6< o$ t(e

recomme$%)to$# m)%e $ t(e Report o/ t(e #)% Commttee )t

S.No.16.8%" )$% 16.8e" )# $%er:9

16.8%" Artc7e


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I$ 4e* o/ t(e )bo4e, t(e m)tter *)# p7)ce% be/ore t(e L)*

Comm##o$ o/ I$%) /or t# op$o$ )$% )ppropr)te recomme$%)to$.

CHAPTER II

Re7e4a!t '&o4iio! o% the Co!tit#tio! o% I!$ia

It # pert$e$t to e?tr)ct t(e re7e4)$t pro4#o$# o/ t(e Co$#ttto$ o/

I$%) be7o*:

Chapter : 3 - LANGUAGE O !"E #U$%E&E COU%!' "(G" COU%!#' E!C.

A&ti"7e /8 - La!6#a6e to )e #e$ i! the S#'&eme Co#&t a!$ i! theHi6h Co#&t a!$ %o& A"t* Bi77* et".

1" Not*t(#t)$%$ )$3t($ $ t(e /oreo$ pro4#o$# o/ t(#!)rt, $t7 !)r7)me$t b3 7)* ot(er*#e pro4%e#99

)" )77 procee%$# $ t(e Spreme Cort )$ $ e4er3 &(Cort,

b" t(e )t(ort)t4e te?t#99

" o/ )77 '77# to be $tro%ce% or )me$%me$t# t(ereto to bemo4e% $ et(er &o#e o/ !)r7)me$t or $ t(e &o#e or et(er &o#e o/ t(e Le#7)tre o/ ) St)te,

" o/ )77 Act# p)##e% b3 !)r7)me$t or t(e Le#7)tre o/ )St)te )$% o/ )77 Or%$)$ce# prom7)te% b3 t(e !re#%e$t or t(e Go4er$or o/ ) St)te, )$%

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" o/ )77 or%er#, r7e#, re7)to$# )$% b3e97)*# ##e%$%er t(# Co$#ttto$ or $%er )$3 7)* m)%e b3!)r7)me$t or t(e Le#7)tre o/ ) St)te,

#()77 be $ t(e E$7#( 7)$)e.

2" Not*t(#t)$%$ )$3t($ $ #b9c7)#e )" o/ c7)#e 1", t(eGo4er$or o/ ) St)te m)3, *t( t(e pre4o# co$#e$t o/ t(e!re#%e$t, )t(or#e t(e #e o/ t(e &$% 7)$)e, or )$3 ot(er 7)$)e #e% /or )$3 o//c)7 prpo#e# o/ t(e St)te, $procee%$# $ t(e &( Cort ()4$ t# pr$cp)7 #e)t $9 t()tSt)te:

!ro4%e% t()t $ot($ $ t(# c7)#e #()77 )pp73 to )$3 +%me$t, %ecree or or%er p)##e% or m)%e b3 #c( &(Cort.


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1" o/ )rtc7e


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5#$6e

1" &o$b7e Mr. #tce B.V. C()$%r)c(%, Former C(e/ #tce o/ I$%).

2" &o$b7e Mr. #tce S. N)t)r)+)$

" &o$b7e Mr. #tce '.N. Sr5r#($)

6" &o$b7e Mr. #tce M.N. Ve$5)t)c()7)(

" &o$b7e Mr. #tce H. ))$$)t() S(ett3

8" &o$b7e Mr. #tce '.!. ee4)$ Re%%3

;" &o$b7e Mr. #tce A.M. A(m)%

10" &o$b7e Mr. #tce N. S)$to#( &e%e

11" &o$b7e Mr. #tce SSM )%r

12" &o$b7e Mr. #tce H.S. !)rpoor$)$

1


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2" Her)7) &( Cort A%4oc)te# A##oc)to$


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t(e 4e* )$% I )m #re ) 7)re $mber o/ peop7e o/ I$%) p)rtc7)r73 $t(e Sot(er$ )$% E)#ter$ p)rt# *77 $ot be $ /)4or o/ t(e or$)7%r)/t$ o/ )ct# $ &$% )$% 75e*#e t(e Spreme Cort )$% t(e &(

Cort# %e74er$ +%me$t# $ &$%. M)$3 %e# o/ t(e &( Cort#)$% t(e Spreme Cort )# *e77 )# m)$3 7)*3er# %o $ot 5$o* &$%7)$)e )$% *77 ()4e to %epe$% o$ tr)$#7)to$# $ E$7#( to 5$o* t(e

Act# )$% %eme$t#.

E$7#( 7)$)e ()# $ot o$73 come to occp3 )$ $%#pe$#)b7e)$% rrep7)ce)b7e #t)t# $ t(e co$tr3 bt ()# )7#o become ) *or7%7)$)e. %eme$t# o/ t(e Spreme Cort )$% &( Cort# o/ I$%))re re)% )$% #ometme# ote% be/ore &( Cort# )$% SpremeCort# o/ ot(er co$tre# $ t(e *or7%. Sc( be$ t(e c)#e, / t(e

Spreme Cort )$% &( Cort# )re to %e74er +%eme$t# $ &$%, t(epeop7e $ t(e #ot( )$% t(e e)#ter$ reo$# $c7%$ t(e 7e)r$e%member# o/ t(e ')r )$% t(e %c)r3 *77 $ot be )b7e to 5$o* t(e

+%eme$t# %e74ere% $ &$% b3 t(e Spreme Cort )$% &( Cort#e?cept t(ro( tr)$#7)to$# $ E$7#( o/ t(o#e +%eme$t#.

Frt(ermore, t(e $t3 )$% $tert3 o/ t(e Co$tr3 # bo$% to be)//ecte% b3 re)#o$ o/ t(e 7$#tc c()4$#t#.

T(ere/ore $ m3 co$#%ere% 4e*, t(e L)* Comm##o$ #(o7% $ot

4e )ccept)$ce to t(e recomme$%)to$ o/ t(e !)r7)me$t)r3Commttee /or t(e propo#e% )me$%me$t o/ Artc7e


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$t7 !)r7)me$t ot(er*#e pro4%e# b3 7)*. T(e e#to$ # *(et(er !)r7)me$t #(o7% pro4%e ) %//ere$t 7)$)e /or t(e Spreme Cort)$% t(e &( Cort# *(e$ E$7#( # be$ /o77o*e% /or t(e 7)#t >

3e)r#. It # ) (#torc)7 )%4)$t)e )$e% b3 t(e I$%)$ +%c)7 #3#temto ()4e t(e #e o/ ) 7)$)e *(c( # )7mo#t t(e 7)$)e o/ t(e%c)7 *or7% $o*. T()t )p)rt, *(e$ compter# ()4e )%opte% E$7#()# t(e me%m o/ tr)$#m##o$, *e #(o7% $ot %4e#t or#e74e# o/ t(ebe$e/t o/ t()t 7)$)e. E$7#( 7)$)e ()# $o* ce)#e% to be )mere mot(er to$e o/ t(e #m)77 co$tr3 o/ E$7)$%.

I/ Spreme Cort )$% &( Cort# )re to #*tc( o4er to &$%,*()t )%4)$t)e *77 #c( ) c()$e br$ /or I$%)$ +%c)r3J I /$%$o$e. O$ t(e ot(er ()$%, t(e m7tp7e %#)%4)$t)e# *(c( t m(t

br$ /ort( *o7% e4e$ p)r)73#e t(e +%c)7 #3#tem, bec)#e $$et3perce$t o/ t(e )%4oc)te# be7o$$ to t(e &( Cort o/ #ot(er$ #t)te#c)$$ot tr)$#)ct )$3 7e)7 *or5 $ &$%. Not e4e$ o$e #te$or)p(er #)4)7)b7e $ m)$3 #t)te# o/ t(e &( Cort# $ #ot(er$ #t)te# *(o c)$t)5e %o*$ %ct)to$ $ &$% mc( 7e## to tr)$#crbe t(em $tom)$#crpt#.

A77 t(e 7)* boo5# rem)$$ $ 4)ro# &( Cort# $c7%$ )77t(e 7)* +or$)7# )re $ E$7#( 7)$)e )$% tr)$#7)to$ o/ )77 t(o#eboo5# *o7% $4o74e crore# o/ rpee#. W(e$ *e %o $ot ()4e #//ce$t

mo$e3 to meet t(e re$t $ee%# o/ t(e poor peop7e, t *o7% be )*)#te o/ pb7c mo$e3 $ #pe$%$ *(opp$ #m #mp73 /or #)t#/3$) /e* o/ t(e 7$#tc +$o#t#.

T()t )p)rt, ) #*tc( o4er /rom E$7#( to &$% $ t(e &( Cort#)$% t(e Spreme Cort o/ I$%) *77 cre)te po7tc)7 )$% 7e)7 $re#tt(ro(ot t(e co$tr3 *(c( # )$ )4o%)b7e e?erc#e.

Ho!)7e M&. 5#ti"e


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%//ere$t 7)$)e#. &$% # $ot #po5e$ or $%er#too% $ m)$3 St)te#$or /or, t()t m)tter # E$7#(. I/ p)r7)me$t)r3 b77# )$% r7$# o/ ((er cort# )re *rtte$ $ &$% or$)773, ) 7)re #ecto$ o/ I$%)$#

*77 be %e$e% t(e /)c7t3 o/ ett$ %rect73 to t(e or$)7 %r)*$ p $&$%, / t(e propo#e% #e#to$ # )ccepte%. !er()p# t(# *)# o$ere)#o$ *(3 t(e re)t p)trot )$% /r#t I$%)$ Go4er$or Ge$er)7 S(r C.R)+)op)7)c()r prote#te% ))$#t &$% be$ /orce% o$ t(e peop7e.&e )4e )$ )$r3 c)77: &$% $e4er, E$7#( e4er. T)m7 N)% *77$e4er )ccept &$% +%me$t# et(er o/ t(e Spreme Cort or t(eM)%r)# &( Cort. &$% c()4$#m ()# $o $)to$)7 pr)m)t#m.E$7#( )$% &$%, e4e$ toet(er, m)3 $ot (e7p t(e I$%)$ m77o$# e4e$b3 7e#7)t4e comm)$%. I$%ee%, m)$3 +%e# $ m)$3 cort#,$c7%$ t(e Spreme Cort, %o $ot 5$o* &$% )$%, t(ere/ore, c)$$ot

re)% or $%er#t)$% +%me$t# / pro%ce% $ &$%. I /ee7 t(e $)to$)7#t/ee7$ be($% t(e p7e) /or &$%, bt I c)$$ot $ore t(e re)7te# o$ t(ero$% $ or m7t7$)7 co$tr3. T(e pre#e$t #3#tem ()# )7#o$ter$)to$)7 mport )$% or +%e# ()4e to re73 o$ +%me$t# *rtte$ $E$7#( $ Spreme Cort# o/ ot(er co$tre#. I )m )77 /or &$% )# )per#o$)7 pre/ere$ce, bt I )m )77 ))$#t &$% b3 comp7#o$,e#pec)773 o/ +%me$t# o/ t(e Spreme Cort o/ I$%). I ()4e m)$3more re)#o$# /rom ) pr)ctc)7 )$7e $ #pport o/ t(e pre#e$t #3#tem*(c( I c)$$ot e7)bor)te (ere. I$%ee% *(e$ t(e re)t Le$$ c)me topo*er $ t(e So4et -$o$ (e ()% *)r$e% ))$#t R##/c)to$ $ ot(er

#t)te# o/ t(e -SSR *(c( *o7% ()4e t(e /7)4or o/ mper)7#m.W#%om # %//ere$t /rom ob#cr)$t#m. Let # 4e &$% ) (( p7)ce$ $)to$)7 e?pre##o$ )$% /77 /)c7t3 /or $#t)$t tr)$#7)to$ o/ e4er3repre#e$t)to$ peop7e *#( to m)5e to t(e ((er cort# )# )$ $ter)7p)rt o/ /ree 7e)7 )%. T(e t(ree97)$)e /orm7) *(c( ()# #omeo//c)7 #t)t# m)3 *e77 be co$#%ere% /or mp7eme$t)to$, *()te4er bet(e co#t t m)3 $4o74e. L$#tc m7t)$c3 *77 )7e$)te )$% %4%e bt/e%er)7 p7r)7#m # %emocr)tc #e$#t4t3.

Ho!)7e M&. 5#ti"e B.N. S&i9&ih!a

I )m 4er3 #orr3 3or 7etter %)te% 8t( October, 200 rem)$e%$)$#*ere% t77 $o*. T(# *)# o$ )cco$t o/ m3 co$#t)$t73 tr)4e77$)*)3 /rom Mmb). !7e)#e p)r%o$ me /or t(# 7)p#e.

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I ()4e co$#%ere% t(e ##e r)#e% $ 3or 7etter. It )ppe)r# to met()t $7e## t*o e$er)to$# o/ 7)*3er# )re tr)$e% to %o 7e)7tr)$#)cto$# $ &$%, t *o7% be #c%)7 to c()$e t(e 7)$)e o/ t(e

&( Cort# )$% Spreme Cort /rom E$7#( to &$%. Frt(er, t(eSpreme Cort be$ compo#e% o/ +%e# /rom %//ere$t #t)te#, *(om)3 $ot be )*)re o/ &$% )t )77, t *o7% be $e?t to mpo##b7e /or t(emto co$%ct procee%$# or *rte +%eme$t# $ &$%.

I$ m3 co$#%ere% 4e*, t(e propo#)7 to rere t(e Spreme Cort)$% t(e &( Cort# to %e74er +%me$t# $ &$% *o7% %e/$te73 re#7t$ c()o# )$% )%4er#e73 )//ect t(e )%m$#tr)to$ o/ +#tce.

Ho!)7e M&. 5#ti"e M.N.


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T(e#e )re o$73 m3 /r#t mpre##o$ )$% $ot t(e re#7t o/ ) %eeper re/7ecto$. I #()77 be ()pp3 to co$4e3 to 3o )$3 /rt(er or re4#e% 4e*)/ter %e )$% /rt(er co$#%er)to$.

Ho!)7e M&. 5#ti"e :. 5a6a!!atha Shett(

I )m $ recept o/ 3or 7etter %)te% 8 October 200 )$% )7#o


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S$ce t(e Spreme Cort co$##t# o/ %e# %r)*$ /rom %//ere$tp)rt# o/ t(e co$tr3, t # mpo##b7e to mpo#e &$% o$ t(e SpremeCort.

It #, t(ere/ore, $ece##)r3 t()t t(e 7)$)e o/ t(e &( Cort#)$% t(e Spreme Cort #(o7% be $/orm )$% t #(o7% be o$73 $E$7#( /or )77 tme to come.

Ho!)7e M&. 5#ti"e B.P. 5ee4a! Re$$(

T()$5 3o /or 3or 7etter %)te% October 8, 200.K

I ()4e $o op$o$ o$ t(e m)tter *(c( ()# bee$ re/erre% to t(eL)* Comm##o$ b3 t(e Go4er$me$t o/ I$%). So /)r )# I )mco$cer$e%, t(e m)tter be be#t 7e/t to t(e E?ect4e.

Ho!)7e M&. 5#ti"e A.M. Ahma$i

!7e)#e /$% e$c7o#e% (ere*t( ) $ote co$t)$$ m3 4e*# o$ t(erecomme$%)to$# o/ t(e Commttee o/ !)r7)me$t o$ O//c)7 L)$)e$ p)r)r)p(# 16.8%" )$% 16.8e". I (ope 3o /$% t(em #e/7.

I )m #orr3 /or t(e %e7)3 $ *rt$ to 3o.

Note o! the &e"omme!$atio! o% the Pa&7iame!ta&( Committeea9i!6 Hi6h Co#&tS#'&eme Co#&t to $e7i4e& 5#$6me!t$e"&eeet"* i! Hi!$i

T(# ()# re/ere$ce to t(e L)* Comm##o$# 7etter #ee5$ m34e*# o$ t(e recomme$%)to$# o/ t(e Commttee o/ !)r7)me$t o$

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O//c)7 L)$)e )t, S.No#.16.8%" )$% 16.8e". I )##me t()t t(#Commttee m#t ()4e bee$ co$#ttte% $%er Artc7e


24/81

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#e o/ &$% # 7mte% to p7e)%$#, %ocme$t# )$% per()p# or)7)rme$t# o$73.

T(e recomme$%)to$ )t S.No.168%" #pe)5# o/ )me$%$ t(eCo$#ttto$. Artc7e


25/81

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Cort#@ Spreme Cort # per()p# b)#e% o$ 7)c5 o/ $/orm)to$ )$% #/)r /rom co$4$c$.

O4er t(e 3e)r#, bec)#e o/ $##te$ce b3 e4er3 St)te Go4er$me$tto #e t(e reo$)7 7)$)e )# me%m o/ $#trcto$ $ #c(oo7#@co77ee#, *t( or *t(ot E$7#(, o$73 t(o#e com$ /rom t(e &$% be7t)re *e7794er#e% $ &$% )$% $ot ot(er#. T(e %t3 c)#t b3 Artc7e 1()# rem)$e% $/7/77e%. T(e re#7t # t()t ) 7)re bo%3 o/ 7e)7pr)ctto$er# )re be7o$$ to t(e &$% be7t *o7% $ot be )b7e to *rtet(er bre/# or )re $ &$% $or *o7% t(e3 be )b7e to $%er#t)$% t(er)to o/ +%me$t# *rtte$ $ &$%, )##m$ +%e# )re eppe% to %o#o. 'e#%e#, )# ) re#7t o/ t(e tr)$#/er po7c3 e4er3 &( Cort ()#

+%e# /rom ot(er St)te# )$% t(e3 c)$$ot be )##$e% c)#e# *t( t(e

recor% be$ $ t(e reo$)7 7)$)e. S$ce t(e perce$t)e o/ #c( +%e# # pre#e$t73 7o*, C(e/ #tce# )re )b7e to m)$)e, )7bet *t(#ome %//c7t3, bt *(e$ &$% # )pp7e% )cro## t(e bo)r%, t(e $mber o/ #c( +%e# *77 be /)r too m)$3 bec)#e e4e$ +%e# 5$o*$ t(ereo$)7 7)$)e *77 $ot be co$4er#)$t *t( &$%" m)5$ t %//c7t/or t(e C(e/ #tce# to )##$ c)#e# to #c( +%e# $ece##t)t$ t(e$tro%cto$ o/ t(e e?pe$#4e proce%re o/ tr)$#7)t$ t(e recor%# $E$7#(. T(# *77 )7#o c)77 /or )7/e% tr)$#7)tor#, $ot e)#3 to /$%. T()t)p)rt, tr)$#7)to$# )re /)r /rom #)t#/)ctor3 )$% %o $ot br$ ot re)7$)$ce@e##e$ce.

To m3 m$%, t(ere/ore, $t7 &$% #pre)%# )cro## t(e co$tr3 )$%e%c)to$ # mp)rte% $ t()t 7)$)e, t m)3 $ot be )%4#)b7e to )#5&( Cort#@ Spreme Cort to #*tc( to &$%. Rep7)c$ t(e reo$)77)$)e m)3 $ot be e)#3 bec)#e pr)ctc)773 e4er3 St)te ()# )%opte%t $%er Artc7e o/ t(e Co$#ttto$. I$ t(e Spreme Cort +%e#come /rom %//ere$t St)te# )$% te ) /e* o/ t(em *o7% $ot be )b7e to#pe)5, $%er#t)$% )$% *rte $ &$%. I )m, t(ere/ore, o/ t(e 4e* t()tt(e b)#e to t)5e t(e (op # $ot )4)7)b7e )$% t *o7%, t(ere/ore, be

*#e to 7e)4e t(e m)tter o/ $tro%cto$ o/ &$% $ t(e St)te &( Cortto t(e +%me$t o/ t(e Go4er$or o/ t(e St)te $%er Artc7e


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I )m e?treme73 #orr3 /or $ot re#po$%$ to 3or ree#t e)r7er.!7e)#e e?c#e me /or t(e #)me.

I ()4e c)re/773 co$#%ere% t(e recomme$%)to$# o/ t(eCommttee o/ !)r7)me$t o$ O//c)7 L)$)e )t S7.No.16.8%" )$%16.8e", $ *(c( t(e3 #o(t )$ )me$%me$t to Artc7e


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)$% #ecto$# o/ t(e Socet3 *77 be %epr4e% b3 t(# propo#)7. &e$ce, I#tro$73 oppo#e t(# mo4e.

At t(# +$ctre I m)3 br$ to 3or 5$% $otce t()t 4)ro# St)te#()4e #t)rte% m)5$ %em)$%# t()t t(e +%c)r3 #(o7% /o77o* )$% )%optreo$)7 7)$)e $ t(er re#pect4e &( Cort# )$% #bor%$)teCort#. I )m ))$#t #c( mo4e# )7#o, *(c( *o7% $ m3 op$o$*o7% #o7)te t(e St)te &( Cort# /rom ot(er Cort# )$% 7tm)te73t(e repre#e$t)to$ o/ t(e St)te# $ t(e Ape? Cort o/ t(e Co$tr3 #bo$% to be #ero#73 )//ecte%.

Ho!)7e M&. 5#ti"e SSM #a$&i

I t()$5 3o /or 3or 7etter o/ No4ember


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Fr#t, t # o/ commo$ 5$o*7e%e, Le#7)t4e e$)ctme$t# )$%R7e# )re $ot )4)7)b7e $ &$% to )77 t(e %e#, member# o/ t(e ')r )$% 7t)$t pb7c $ )77 p)rt# o/ t(e co$tr3. Seco$%73, t(e )t(ort)t4e

te?t boo5#, comme$t)re# )$% 7)* +or$)7# )re $ot be$ pr$te% $&$%. T(r%73, t(e p7et(or) o/ c)#e 7)* bot( be/ore )$% )/ter $%epe$%e$ce # #t77 $ E$7#( )$% ()# $ot bee$ tr)$#7)te% $to &$%.Fort(73, t(e rere% $mber o/ &$% Ste$or)p(er# )re $ot )4)7)b7e.F/t(73, t(e #ot(er$ St)te# )re $ot *e77 eppe% to )ccept %e74er3 o/

+%me$t#, %ecree# )$% or%er# $ &$%. S?t(73, t # )7#o commo$5$o*7e%e t()t )/ter reor)$)to$ o/ St)te# o$ t(e b)## o/ reo$)77)$)e#, cert)$ #ot(er$ St)te# ()4e #()rp73 re)cte% tomp7eme$t)to$ o/ &$% )# $)to$)7 7)$)e o$ $o$ &$% #pe)5$St)te# )$% t # )ppre(e$%e% t()t t(e rereme$t to %e74er +%me$t#,

or%er# )$% %ecree# etc., $ &$% *77 be tre)te% $ $o better *)3.

Wt( t(e po7c3 o/ tr)$#/er o/ %e# )$% C(e/ #tce# /rom o$e&( Cort to )$ot(er, %e# o/ t(e #ot(er$ St)te# /$cto$$ $ )$ort(er$ St)te *77 $ot be )b7e to cope p *t( t(e *or5 $ t(e $ort(er$St)te# *(ere )# %e74er$ +%me$t# )$% or%er #$ &$% *77 pre#e$t$o prob7em to t(e %e# o/ t(e $ort(er$ St)te#. -$%er t(e co$%to$#pre4)7$ $ #ome o/ t(e St)te# $ I$%), t *77 )%% to t(e $re#t e?#t$$ #ome p)rt# o/ t(e co$tr3 b3 4$ #cope to )t)to$# ))$#t #c() rereme$t.

I$ m3 4e*, t(e co$%to$# $ or co$tr3 )re $ot rpe to m)5e#c( )me$%me$t )$% to ##e %recto$# rer$ t(e &(Cort#@Spreme Cort to #t)rt %e74er3 o/ +%me$t# )$% or%er# $ &$%)$% t(ere/ore, /or t(e#e )$% m)$3 ot(er re)#o$# #*tc($ o4er to%ct)t$ +%me$t#, or%er#, %ecree# etc., $ &$% *77 be e$tre73 )$e?erc#e $ /t7t3.

Ho!)7e M&. 5#ti"e :.S. Pa&i'oo&!a!

Wt( re/ere$ce to 3or comm$c)to$ %)te% 8.10.200, $ t(e/r#t $#t)$ce, I ()4e to )po7oe to 3o, /or $ot #e$%$ ) rep73 e)r7er.T(e re)#o$ # t()t m3 */e *)# (o#pt)7e% /or o4er t*o *ee5# )$% I

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()% $o proper (e7p to )tte$% to m)$3 o/ m3 m)tter#. !7e)#e e?c#eme /or t(e %e7)3.

2. T(e cr? o/ t(e recomme$%)to$ o/ t(e Commttee o/ !)r7)me$to$ O//c)7 L)$)e # t()t )rtc7e


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to t(e 4er3 root# o/ t(e R7e o/ L)*, *(c( I$%) ()# )%opte% )$%)ccepte% /rom E$7#(J I# t $ot ) #c%)7 po7c3 *(c( *77 co#t t(e$)to$ (e)473J

>. H$%73 ()4e ) 7oo5 )t t(e %eb)te# o/ t(e Co$#tte$t A##emb73 o/ I$%) *(c( too5 p7)ce o$ 12t(, 1 to 1=62 o/ t(e boo5 O//c)7 Report" T(eCo$#tte$t A##emb73 Deb)te# Vo7me ;. W(e$ t(e b77 /or )rtc7e


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Delighted t recei!e "ur letter dated 30#9#2008 in!iting me t $$er

m" !ie%s&'inin n the recmmendatin made (" the )mmittee $

*arliament n use $ +indi in riginal dra$ting $ ills, -cts, ules, etc., (" the Legislati!e De'artment and use $ +indi in deli!ering Judgments

and decrees (" the /u'reme )urt and +igh )urt. am srr" $r the

dela". ha!e $rmulated m" !ie%s n (th the recmmendatin as

$ll%s#

*

-rticle 351 $ the )nstitutin 'r!ides that it shall (e the dut" $

the nin t 'rmte the s'read $ +indi Language s that it ma" ser!e

as a medium $ e'ressin $r all elements $ cm'site culture $

ndia. -rticle 343 declares +indi t (e the $$icial language $ the

nin. -rticle 344 'r!ides that s%itch !er $rm nglish t +indi ma"

nt (e achie!ed immediatel" n the cmmencement $ the )nstitutin

and this shuld (e a gradual 'rcess. /chedule t the )nstitutin

cntains the list $ ighteen languages including +indi. -rticle 344

cntem'lates )nstitutin $ a )mmissin cnsisting $ mem(ers

re'resenting di$$erent languages s'eci$ied in /chedule t make

recmmendatins $r the 'rgressi!e use $ the $$icial language and

als $r the 'ur'ses mentined in -rticle 348 namel", the language t

(e used in the /u'reme )urt and the +igh )urts $r dra$ting ills,

-cts, ules etc., (" the legislati!e De'artment. he recmmendatins $

the )mmissin are then cnsidered (" the Jint *arliamentar"

)mmittee cnstituted $r the said 'ur'se under -rticle 3444:. hat

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)mmittee has t cnsider the recmmendatins $ the )mmissin and

re'rt t the *resident their 'inin theren. he *resident can a$ter

cnsidering the re'rt issue directins in accrdance %ith the %hle r an" 'art $ that re'rt.

he ultimate aim as 'r!ided in -rticle 351 is the s'read and

de!el'ment $ +indi language and enrichment $ the cm'site culture

$ ndia. -rticles 343 and 344 deal %ith the 'rcess $ transitin t the

use $ +indi $r all $$icial 'ur'ses $ the nin and t determine the

'ace $ 'rgress t achie!e the same. he !erriding cncern $ the

$unding $athers $ the )nstitutin as can (e discerned als $rm the

)nstitutin assem(l" de(ates is, nt t im'se the use $ +indi n the

'e'les s'eaking ther Languages against their %ishes.

2. he same cncern is discerna(le $rm -rticle 348 1:a: ; (: $ the

)nstitutin %hich deals %ith s%itch !er $rm nglish t +indi as

regards the Language t (e used in the /u'reme )urt and the +igh

)urts and the authritati!e tet $ ills, -cts, rders, ules,

egulatins and ("e#la%s. ntil the *arliament ther%ise 'r!ides ("

la%, the 'rceedings in the /u'reme )urt and in e!er" +igh )urt and

the -uthritati!e tet $ all ills, -cts, etc., shall (e the nglish. -rticle

349 'r!ides s'ecial 'rcedure $r enacting la%s cntem'lated ("

-rticle 3481:. ill $r enacting a la% cntem'lated (" -rticle 348

1: can (e intrduced %ithut the sanctin $ the *resident %hich can (e

accrded a$ter the *resident cnsiders the recmmendatin $ the

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)mmissin and the re'rt $ the )mmittee cnstituted under -rticle

3444:.

he )mmittee cnstituted under -rticle 344 has made t%

recmmendatins 16.8d: and 16.83: under -rticle 348 and sught the

'inin $ the La% )mmissin $ ndia. he" are as under#

udicial&?uasi#>udicial $unctins, culd

(e a(le t deli!er rders in +indi. -t 'resent these

De'artments are una(le t 'ass rders in +indi (ecause the

a''eal against their rders in +igh )urts&/u'reme )urt

%uld ha!e t (e cnducted in nglish.<

3. he recmmendatin $ the )mmittee 16.8d: is that -rticle 348 (e

amended t undertake dra$ting in +indi ills, -cts, ules, etc. must

'int ut that the ?uestin $ amending -rticle 348 des nt arise at all.

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@hat -rticle 3481:(: cntem'lates is enactment $ la% (" *arliament

in this (ehal$ and nt amendment $ -rticle 348 itsel$.

Dra$ting la%s is a !er" di$$icult and cm'licated %rk. t needs a !er"

rich and s'ecialised legal !ca(ular" t enact 'recise and unam(iguus

la%s. nglish language has a !er" rich !ca(ular" $ legal terms. ntil

+indi ca(ular" $ legal terms and maims, im'r!es it cannt (e

made the Language $ Legislatin. am there$re nt in $a!ur $

making a la% t mandate that the authritati!e tet $ ills, -cts, ules

etc., shuld (e in +indi.

4. -nther reasn against the recmmendatin is that this %ill

unnecessaril" gi!e rise t ''sitin and cntra!ers". here are as man"

as 17 cnstitutinall" recgnised nn#+indi Languages. m'sitin $

+indi n nn#+indi s'eaking citiAens against their %ishes is likel" t

a$$ect the unit" and integrit" $ the cuntr". @e ha!e seen h% in the

/tate $ Baharashtra 'e'le !er" recentl" re!lted against in$luence $

+indi and %ent t the etent $ ("ctting +indi $ilms in %hich

-mita(h achan has acted. he nn#+indi 'e'le are nt "et in the

md $r acce'ting +indi as cmmn medium $r Legislatin. here is

n great urgenc" r direct necessit" t intrduce +indi in the $ield $

legislatin. Large num(er $ mem(ers $ *arliament $rm nn#+indi

s'eaking /tates %ill nt (e a(le t read r understand the la%s dra$ted in

+indi. t %ill there$re (ecme !er" di$$icult $r such B.*s t

e$$ecti!el" cntri(ute t la% machiner" 'rcess.

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t ser!es the 'ur'se i$, alng %ith the nglish tet a tet in +indi is

als anneed. his %ill satis$" the needs $ the +indi s'eaking B.*s

als.

n m" 'inin attem't must $irst (e made t 'ersuade the nn#+indi

s'eaking B.*s and 'e'le t acce't the s%itch !er t +indi. t %uld

(e detrimental t atinal nit" and +armn" t intrduce +indi $r

dra$ting $ la%s etc., %ithut the cncurrence $ nn#+indi s'eaking

'e'le $ ndia. +ence, the recmmendatin deser!es t (e re>ected.

5: e16.8e: he recmmendatin $ the )mmittee is that +igh

)urts and /u'reme )urt shuld (e re?uired t deli!er Judgments and

decrees etc., in +indi.

he reasns gi!en $r this recmmendatin in the %rds $ the

)mmittee are as $ll%s#


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hese are nt at all su(stantial reasns t cm'el the Judges $ the

/u'reme )urt and +igh )urts t deli!er their Judgments and decrees

in +indi.

thing 're!ents =!ernment $$icers $rm 'assing rders in +indi.

@hen such rders are challenged in the +igh )urts and the /u'reme

)urt the 'ractice 'resentl" $ll%ed is t 'rduce the nglish

translatin $ the rders and the %rk is ging n ?uite smthl" in the

)urts. n rder t ena(le the $$icers $ =!ernment %h kn% nl"

+indi and canCt read r understand the Judgments $ )urts gi!en in

nglish is cncerned, the" ma" (e 'r!ided +indi translatin $

Judgments $ )urt %hich are in nglish. his %uld sl!e their

'r(lem.

n sme /tates, =!ernment $$icers %rite their rders in their

res'ecti!e /tate languages. r their (ene$it )urts rders ma" (e

translated int the res'ecti!e /tate languages and 'r!ided t the

$$icers cncerned.

+ence nne $ the reasns stated in su''rt $ the recmmendatin are

tena(le.

@e shuld nt $rget that La%"er and Judges ha!e (een using nglish

Language $r centuries. heir legal educatin is mstl" in nglish.

husands $ la%s are in nglish. t is nt eas" t $ind 'recise

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e?ui!alent legal terms, maims and 'rinci'les in +indi. Bst $ the tet

(ks n la%s are in nglish. Jurnals and la% (ks $ ther cuntries

%hich are hel'$ul t decisin making 'rcess are in nglish. he"cannt (e used i$ +indi is used.

n m" 'inin time is nt ri'e t s%itch !er $rm nglish t +indi $r

deli!ering Judgements in +indi. /%itching !er t +indi %ill $urther

add t dela" in dis'sal $ cases.

minent La%"ers $rm ther cuntries cannt a''ear in ur )urts i$

+indi is intrduced. he entire legal cmmunit" cnsisting $ La%"ers

and Judges %uld (e against intrductin $ +indi in +igh )urts and

/u'reme )urt. hus intrductin $ +indi in the su'erir )urts %ill

(ring in mre 'r(lems than (ene$its.

t is enugh i$ 'r!isin is made t translate the decisins $ the

/u'reme )urt and +igh curts int +indi and ther /tate languages. $

the real (>ect is t ena(le the litigant t understand the decisin in his

case it %uld ser!e the 'ur'se i$ a translatin is 'r!ided t him.

there$re see n gd reasn %hatse!er t inter$ere %ith the 'resent

use $ nglish in the /u'reme )urt and the +igh )urts. he cuntr"

is $acing enugh num(er $ ther 'r(lems. Let us nt add sme mre

'r(lems and distur( the smth $unctining $ the /u'reme )urt and

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the +igh )urts. am ?uite against the recmmendatin 16.8e: $ the

)mmittee.

strngl" urge "u t ''se the t% recmmendatins $ the

)mmittee.E

M&. P.P. Rao* S&. A$4o"ate

T(# # $ re#po$#e to 3or 5$% 7etter %)te% October 8, 200

re)r%$ t(e recomme$%)to$# o/ t(e Commttee o/ !)r7)me$t o$O//c)7 L)$)e. I )m $ot $ /)4or o/ mp7eme$t)to$ o/ t(erecomme$%)to$# )t S7.No.16.8%" )$% e" m)%e b3 t(e Commttee )tpre#e$t /or t(e /o77o*$ re)#o$#:

Co$%to$# )re $ot rpe /or #*tc($ o4er /rom E$7#( 7)$)eto &$% $ t(e Spreme Cort )$% $ t(e &( Cort#. I$ #e4er)7 p)rt#o/ t(e co$tr3 e4e$ $o* peop7e )re $ot /773 co$4er#)$t *t( &$%,$ot*t(#t)$%$ t(e m)$%)te o/ Art. 1 to t(e -$o$ to promote t(e#pre)% o/ t(e &$% 7)$)e. T(e %e# o/ t(e Spreme Cort )$%

o/ )77 &( Cort# be7o$ to &$% #pe)5$ #t)te# )# *e77 )# $o$9&$%#pe)5$ St)te#. T(ere/ore, t # $ece##)r3 to co$t$e E$7#(, *(c(# ) commo$ 7)$)e /or )77 I$%)$#, $ t(e Spreme Cort )$% $ t(e&( Cort#. A# 3o )re )*)re, Secto$ o/ t(e O//c)7 L)$)e Act,1;6< permt# t(e #e o/ &$% )# t(e o//c)7 7)$)e o/ ) St)te $)%%to$ to t(e E$7#( 7)$)e /or t(e prpo#e o/ )$3 +%me$t,%ecree or or%er p)##e% or m)%e b3 t(e &( Cort# /or t()t St)te,pro4%e% t(e Go4er$or o/ ) St)te *t( t(e pre4o# co$#e$t o/ t(e!re#%e$t )t(ore# #c( #e. T(ere ()4e bee$ ) 4er3 /e* $#t)$ce#*(ere +%eme$t# o/ &( Cort# *ere *rtte$ $ &$%. I$ t(e#e c)#e#

*(e$ t(e )re4e% p)rt3 ()% to )ppro)c( t(e Spreme Cort t(ee$tre +%eme$t ()% to be tr)$#7)te% $to E$7#( *(c( $4o74e# tme)$% )%%to$)7 e?pe$%tre /or t(e 7t)$t, *(c( )re )4o%)b7e. T77#c( tme )# )77 t(e %e# o/ Spreme Cort )$% &( Cort# )re /773co$4er#)$t *t( &$% )$% )re pro/ce$t e$o( to *rte +%me$t# $&$%, t # $ot )t )77 )%4#)b7e to )me$% t(e Co$#ttto$.

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So /)r )# 7e#7)t4e b#$e## # co$cer$e%, $ t(e &$% #pe)5$St)te# )7re)%3 '77# )re prep)re% $ &$% 7)$)e )$% %eb)te# t)5e

p7)ce $ &$% 7)$)e. L5e*#e Go4er$me$t Or%er# )re p)##e% $&$% 7)$)e. Not$ o$ /7e# )7#o %o$e $ m)$3 c)#e# $ t(e &$%7)$)e. Secto$ < o/ t(e O//c)7 L)$)e# Act, 1;6> pro4%e# /or co$t$)to$ o/ E$7#( 7)$)e /or o//c)7 prpo#e# /or -$o$ )$% /or #e $ !)r7)me$t $ )%%to$ to &$% )$% /or t(e tr)$#)cto$ o/ t(eb#$e## $ !)r7)me$t.

For t(e #cce##/7 mp7eme$t)to$ o/ t(e recomme$%)to$#, t #$ece##)r3 to prep)re t(e ro$% /r#t b3 prop))t$ &$% )77 o4er t(eco$tr3 to #c( )$ e?te$t t()t $o $co$4e$e$ce # /e7t b3 )$3o$e b3

#*tc($ o4er /rom E$7#( 7)$)e to &$% 7)$)e *t( re#pect toprocee%$# $ t(e Spreme Cort )$% $ )77 &( Cort#. I$ t(e p)#t,t(ere *)# ) 7)re #c)7e 4o7e$ce re##t)$ce to m)5$ &$% )comp7#or3 7)$)e $ #c(oo7# $ t(e Sot(. !rme M$#ter Ne(r)4e )$ )##r)$ce t()t E$7#( *o7% $ot be rep7)ce% b3 &$% ))$#tt(e *77 o/ t(e peop7e )$% t()t #t)t# o *77 be m)$t)$e% t77 t(e $o$&$% #pe)5$ peop7e t(em#e74e# %e#re ) c()$e. L)$)e # )#e$#t4e ##e *(c( c)$ e)#73 )ro#e emoto$# o/ t(e peop7e. I$ t(e$tere#t o/ $)to$)7 $ter)to$ )$% m)$t)$$ t(e $t3 )$% #o7%)rt3o/ t(e co$tr3, t # $ot %e#r)b7e to r)5e p t(# ##e )t ) tme *(e$

#e4er)7 /##p)ro# )$% %4#4e /orce# )re )t *or5. E4er3 e//ort #(o7%be m)%e to promote /r)ter$t3 )mo$ )77 cte$# o/ t(e co$tr3 $ t(e$tere#t o/ t(e $t3.

I )m )ppre(e$#4e t()t )$3 )ttempt to mp7eme$t t(erecomme$%9%)to$# o/ t(e !)r7)me$t)r3 Commttee )t t(# +$ctrem)3 #p)r5 o// 4o7e$t prote#t# )$% )t)to$# $ #ome p)rt# o/ t(eco$tr3.

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a. Re6a&$i!6 O&i6i!a7 $&a%ti!6 o% e!a"tme!t i! Hi!$i=-

I %o $ot t($5 t(# # et(er *e7come or )%4#)b7e. W()te4er be t(e#t)t# )*)r%e% to &$% )# o$e o/ t(e o//c)7 7)$)e#, t(e /)ctrem)$# t()t )77 t(e &( Cort# tr)$#)ct t(er +%c)7 b#$e## $E$7#(. T(# $c7%e# t(e Spreme Cort )7#o. I$terpret)to$ o/ #t)tte# # o$e o/ t(e commo$ m)tter# *(c( occr# %)3 $ )$% %)3 ot$ or cort#. Dr)/t#m)$#(p $ E$7#( ()# re)c(e% ) 7e4e7 o/ )%4)$ceme$t *t( t# o*$ $)$ce# )$% $/7e?o$# *(c( I %o $ot t($5%r)/t$ $ )$3 ot(er 7)$)e ()# #o /)r re)c(e%. C)#e 7)* $ t(e$terpret)to$ o/ #t)tte# $ E$7#( # rc( )$% 7eo$. We ()4e $)%%to$ t(e )b$%)$t tre)#re o/ comp)r)b7e #t)tte# $ -.H. )$% t(e

Commo$ We)7t( co$tre# )# )7#o $ t(e -$te% St)te#.

A77 t(# *77 become $)4)7)b7e )$% #e7e## *(7e $terpret$#t)tte# $ ot(er 7)$)e#. T(e commo$ me%m o/ $%er#t)$%$#c( #t)tte# e#pec)773 $ t(e 4)#t c($5 o/ Sot(er$ I$%) # E$7#(.T(# c)$$ot be p#et b3 4$ p t(e %r)/t$ $ t(e E$7#( 7)$)e.Not($ # )$e% b3 %r)/t$ t(e or$)7 e$)ctme$t# $ &$% e?ceptper()p# #)t#/3$ )$ eo.

We m)3 )7#o 7o#e $ t(e proce## t(e be$e/t o/ comp)r#o$ *t(

#t)tte# $ ot(er St)te# o$ t(e #)me #b+ect $ t(e co$crre$t 7#t e..Re$t Co$tro7 Le#7)to$" *t( t(e p7et(or) o/ c)#e 7)* /rom t(e 4)ro#&( Cort#. T(# *77 be )$ )%%e% %#)%4)$t)e )$% 7o## to t(e 7e)75$o*7e%e )4)7)b7e $ t(e co$tr3.

Re)r%$ t(e #eco$% er3 t()t t(e &( Cort#@Spreme Cort#(o7% #t)rt %e74er$ t(er +%me$t# $ &$%, I )m emp()tc)773 o/ t(e4e* t()t t(# *77 be ) retror)%e #tep. E$7#( ()# bee$ t(e 7)$)eo/ t(e +%eme$t#, #$ce t(e Speror Cort# *ere e#t)b7#(e% $ t(#

co$tr3 )bot ) ce$tr3 )$% ) ()7/ b)c5 or e4e$ e)r7er. T(e Cort7)$)e o/ t(e commo$ 7)* co$tre# o/ *(c( I$%) # o$e # )7#oE$7#(. T(e %octr$e o/ prece%e$t# #t77 (o7%# #*)3 $ t(e co$tr3 )$%# o$e o/ t(e m)$#t)3 pr$cp7e# o/ t(e +%c)7 #3#tem. Or Cort#%r)* /ree73 o$ E$7#(, Amerc)$ )$% commo$*e)7t( prece%e$t# *(c()re )77 $ E$7#(. I/ +%eme$t# *ere to be $ &$%, $ 4e* o/ t(e

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$e4t)b7e ot)to$# /rom t(e prece%e$t#, t(e3 *77 be p)rt73 $ &$%*t( )77 t(e ot)to$# $ E$7#(. T(e +%eme$t *77 7oo5 rote#e.

T(e %e) o/ ) $/orm %c)7 #3#tem /or t(e *(o7e co$tr3 #$ece##)r73 to ()4e ) $/orm #et o/ 7e)7 pr$cp7e )pp7c)b7e $ e4er3p)rt o/ t(e co$tr3, b3 t(e cort# %r)*$ po$ t(e %c)7 *#%om $ot(er p)rt# o/ t(e co$tr3 t(ro( t(er +%eme$t#. T(e )%4)$t)e *77be 7o#t / %eme$t# )re to be %r)*$ $ &$% $#te)% o/ E$7#(.

I/ %eme$t# )re to be *rtte$ $ &$%, t *77 rere )$e$ormo# )mo$t o/ 7ter)tre b3 *)3 o/ 7o##)r3 o/ 7e)7 term#.De74er3 o/ %eme$t# *(c( )re )7re)%3 ett$ %e7)3e% $ m)$3cort# / +%e# *(o )re $ot tr)$e% to *rte $ &$% )re co$#tr)$e% to

*rte t(e %eme$t# $ &$%, *77 et /rt(er %e7)3e%.

A%% to t(#, t(e $o$ )4)7)b7t3 o/ t(e 7)te#t tec($o7oc)7)%4)$ceme$t# $ t(e comm$c)to$# /e7% p)rtc7)r73 t(e compter#,*(c( m)3 t)5e t(er o*$ tme to #eep t(ro( or #3#tem.

Let # )7#o )$)73#e *()t *77 be t(e )%4)$t)e o/ %eme$t# $E$7#(. It # $ot )# / t(e#e %eme$t# *77 $ot be $%er#too% b3 t(eDep)rtme$t# co$cer$e%. Nor *77 t(e3 be prec7%e% /rom p)##$ t(er or%er# $ &$% or t(e reo$)7 7)$)e. I$ /)ct mo#t o/ t(e

Go4er$me$t or%er# toc($ t(e commo$ m)$ )re )7re)%3 be$ m)%e$ t(e reo$)7 7)$)e. E4e$ t(e /7e $ot$# )re 4er3 o/te$ $ t(ereo$)7 7)$)e.

T(ere # t(ere/ore $o #pec)7 )$ or )%4)$t)e to o4er$me$t%ep)rtme$t# b3 t(e 7)$)e o/ t(e cort# be$ $ &$%.

T(e +%eme$t# o/ or cort# )re $o*)%)3# be$ ote% $/ore$ cort#, +#t )# or cort# 7e)$ (e)473 o$ /ore$ +%eme$t# to

##t)$ t(er re)#o$$. T(e )cce## )$% t(e re#pect *(c( or cort#e)r$ b3 #c( re7)$ce b3 t(e /ore$ cort# *77 be tot)773 7o#t b3 or +%eme$t# be$ $ &$%.

T(e )%4)$t)e, / )$3 )$e% b3 )%opt$ &$% )# t(e cort7)$)e *77 be /)r ot*e(e% b3 ret)$$ E$7#( )# t(e cort7)$)e.

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$%er#t)$% t(e #)me. Or +%c)7 #3#tem # o4er$e% b3t(e pr$cp7e o/ t(e stare-decisis, / t(e +%e# )re $ot )b7eto $%er#t)$% t(e +%me$t# o/ t(er o*$ cort or o/ t(e

#peror cort, t *o7% c)#e 7ot o/ co$/#o$ )$% )mbt3)$% m)3 re#7t $ %e74er3 o/ co$/7ct$ +%me$t#.

Frt(er, $ or +%c)7 #3#tem, +%me$t o/ o$e &( Cort# re7e% po$ )$% re/erre% to $ ) c)#e $ )$ot(er &(Cort. T(o( +%me$t o/ o$e &( Cort %oe# $ot ()4e )b$%$ prece%e$t 4)7e $ )$ot(er &( Cort, t(e3 %o()4e per#)#4e 4)7e. I/ +%me$t# )re pro$o$ce% $&$%, t(e3 c)$$ot be $%er#too% $ $o$ &$% #pe)5$St)te#.

. I$ or Co$#ttto$)7 Sc(eme, +%e# o/ t(e &( Cort# )retr)$#/er)b7e )$% *e ()4e m)$3 +%e# $ t(e &$% be7t )re)*(o )re $ot co$4er#)$t *t( t(e &$% 7)$)e.%me$t# %e74ere% $ &$% m)3 $ot be $%er#too% b3 t(etr)$#/eree +%e# /rom $o$ &$% be7t )re). Co$#ee$t73t(ere *o7% be +%e# $ t(e &( Cort# *(o *o7% $ot be)b7e to $%er#t)$% +%me$t# o/ t(er o*$ cort.

6. -$%er Secto$ o/ t(e O//c)7 L)$)e Act, 1;6


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tr)$#7)to$ o/ t(e #)me $ t(e E$7#( L)$)e ##e% $%er t(e )t(ort3 o/ t(e &( Cort. T(# e4e$ / t(e +%me$t @or%er o/ t(e &( Cort # permtte% to be %e74ere% $ &$%, t

*77 rere #m7t)$eo# tr)$#7)to$ o/ t(e +%me$t $E$7#(. T(# *77 $cre)#e t(e *or57o)% o/ t(e cort# *(c( )re)7re)%3 o4er br%e$e%.

I$ 4e* o/ t(e )/ore#)% re)#o$#, t # m3 (mb7e op$o$ t()t t(eL)* Comm##o$ o/ I$%) m)3 4e t# op$o$ t()t t # $ot %e#r)b7e topermt %e74er3 o/ +%me$t# b3 t(e &( Cort#@Spreme Cort $ &$%7)$)e.

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to be &$%, per()p#, $o +%e /rom t(e #ot(er$ St)te#co7% po##b73 be o$ t(e 'e$c( )$% p)rtcp)te $te77e$t73)$% e//ect4e73 $ t(e %e7ber)to$# o/ t(e cort. So too

*o7% be t(e po#to$ / +%e# /rom t(e &( Cort# o/ #ome St)te# *(o *o7% $ot ()4e t(e pro/ce$c3 $ &$% tobe )b7e to $%er#t)$% t(e )rme$t# )$% *rte +%me$t#$ &$% )re to t(e &( Cort# o/ &$%9#pe)5$ St)te#.T(e 7)*3er# /rom t(e $o$9&$% #pe)5$ St)te# *o7% be)t ) treme$%o# %#)%4)$t)e.


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16.8e" A/ter t(e )me$%me$t o/ Artc7e . Di%%i"#7t( i! im'7eme!ti!6 the &e"omme!$atio!:

!)r) %" # %//c7t to mp7eme$t. T(e or$)7 %r)/t o/ ) #t)tte

c)$$ot be $ &$% *t( re)r% to #e4er)7 E$7#( 7)*#. For e?)mp7e,t(e $e* I$come T)? Act # e?pecte% to be )$$o$ce% $e?t 3e)r. It *77be 4er3 %//c7t /or t(e Act to be %r)/te% $ &$%. A 4)#t m)+ort3 o/ t)?p)3er# #pe)5 t(e E$7#( 7)$)e. T(e comm$t3 o/ t)?pr)ctto$er#, )%tor#, $4e#tor# )re )77 co$4er#)$t *t( t(e %r)/t$ o/ t(e #t)tte $ E$7#(. A$3 e$)ctme$t $ &$% *77 be 4rt)773 #e7e##.

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6. I$%) ()# #$e% #e4er)7 Dob7e T)?)to$ Areeme$t# *t(4)ro# co$tre#. I/ t(e I$%)$ t)? #t)tte# )re o$ to be $ &$%,t(e$ t # bo$% to 7e)% to r)4e %//c7t3.

. Ap)rt /rom Re4e$e 7)*#, #e4er)7 $e* #b+ect# 75e $/orm)to$tec($o7o3, #tem ce77 %e4e7opme$t, te7er)p(c 7)*# )$% 7)*# re7)t$to c3ber crme c)$ be pro4%e% /or o$73 $ E$7#(. M)$3 o/ t(e p(r)#e#)$% e?pre##o$# *(c( )re #e% $ E$7#( 7)$)e. It *o7% be%//c7t )$%, $%ee% ) comp7ete *)#te o/ pb7c tme )$% mo$e3, toprep)re t(em $ &$%.

8. 5#$6me!t o% Hi6h Co#&tS#'&eme Co#&t:

8.1 It # 4rt)773 mpo##b7e to mp7eme$t t(e recomme$%)to$ $C7)#e 16.8e". I$ #e4er)7 $o$9&$% #pe)5$ St)te#, %e# *77/$% t mpo##b7e to %e74er t(er +%me$t# $ &$%.

8.2 A$3 )me$%me$t to t(# e//ect # bo$% to e$er)te treme$%o#re##t)$ce )$% 7e)% to /rt(er )77e)to$# o/ &$% %om$)to$.

8.< E4e$ +%e# *(o#e mot(er to$e # &$% *77 /$% t %//c7t to%e74er +%me$t# $ &$%. T(e 7e)7 e%c)to$ o/ )77 t(e &(Cort )$% Spreme Cort +%e# ()# bee$ $ E$7#(. %e#

*(o ()4e bee$ member# o/ t(e ')r ()4e )77 %e)7t *t( c)#e# o$73$ E$7#(. I$ )77 t(e &( Cort#, t(e )rme$t# )%4)$ce%m)$73 $ E$7#(. T(ere/ore, t *77 be mpo##b7e to %e74er

+%me$t# $ &$%.

8.= Se4er)7 Ce$tr)7 #t)tte# ()4e )77 I$%) )pp7c)b7t3. It # %//c7tto $%er#t)$% (o* ) +%me$t c)$ be %e74ere% $ &$% *t(re)r% to t)? 7)*#, $te77ect)7 propert3 )$% #o o$. A +%me$t()# to be c7e)r )$% t# ratio discidendi #(o7% be e)#73

%#cer$b7e. De74er$ t $ &$% # bo$% to 7e)% to co$/#o$)$% c()o# )# #e4er)7 7e)7 e?pre##o$# %o $ot ()4e ) me)$$/7&$% e4)7e$t.

8.> T(e ob+ect o/ #c( ) /)r9re)c($ recomme$%)to$ # $ot c7e)r. A$ )$)73## o/ t(e C7)#e 16.8e" $%c)te# t()t t(#recomme$%)to$ # m)%e o$ t(e /o77o*$ ro$%#:9

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)" Large number of Government Departments who are carrying out judicial and quasi-judicial functions would be able to deliver the

orders in Hindi;

b" At present these Departments are unable to pass orders in Hindi because the appeal against their order are in High!ourts"#upreme !ourt would have to be conducted in $nglish%

8.6 'ot( t(e#e ro$%# c)$$ot be t(e b)## /or )77 +%me$t# to be%e74ere% $ &$% b3 t(e &( Cort# )$% Spreme Cort.

)" I$ #e4er)7 Go4er$me$t Dep)rtme$t# t(e or%er# o/ )#9+%c)7

$)tre )re p)##e% o$73 $ E$7#(.

b" M)?mm $mber o/ )#9+%c)7 or%er# )re p)##e% $ re4e$e)$% #er4ce m)tter#. T(e )ppe77)te )t(orte# $%er 4)ro#$%er 4)ro# Ce$tr)7 e$)ctme$t# p)## t(er or%er# o$73 $E$7#(.

c" It # $ot c7e)r (o* ) +%me$t $ E$7#( *77 c)#e )$3 ()$%c)pto )$3 Go4er$me$t Dep)rtme$t /rom %e74er$ t# or%er $ &$%.I/ t(e co$cer$e% Go4er$me$t O//cer or )t(ort3 # $)b7e to

$%er#t)$% E$7#(, t(e #mp7er mec()$#m *o7% be to ()4e )p)rtc7)r +%me$t tr)$#7)te% $ &$%.

%" A# re)r%# ro$% b", t # $ot c7e)r )# to *(3 t(e )ppe)7 be$co$%cte% $ E$7#( *o7% ()$%c)p or %#)b7e Dep)rtme$t# top)## or%er# $ &$%. I/ )$3 Dep)rtme$t *)$t# to p)## )$ or%er $&$%, t # )t 7bert3 to %o #o. T(e )re4e% p)rt3 *(7ec()77e$$ t(e or%er *77 e$c7o#e )$ E$7o#( tr)$#7)to$ t(ereo/.Free$t73, or%er# p)##e% b3 t(e St)te Go4er$me$t# or t(eCe$tr)7 Go4er$me$t $ t(e 7oc)7 7)$)e or $ &$% # tr)$#7)te%$ E$7#( )$% t)5e$ p /or co$#%er)to$ b3 t(e re#pect4e &(Cort#@Spreme Cort.

e" T(e Spreme Cort +%e# %e74er more t()$ 10 to 1>,000 +%me$t# per 3e)r. T(e reporte% c)#e# )7o$e r$ to 12,000p)e#. It # mpo##b7e to e?pect t(e Spreme Cort +%e# *(o

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come /rom 4)ro# St)te# to %e74er t(er +%me$t# $ &$%.E4e$ / t(e3 %e74er t $ &$%, t(ere *o7% be ) &erc7e)$ t)#5 o/ ()4$ t tr)$#7)te% $ E$7#( /or t(e $%er#t)$%$ o/ t(e 7e)7

)$% )cco$t$ pro/e##o$# )$% /or 4)ro# $%#tre#. T(#prob7em *77 be m7tp7e% 20 tme# /or 4)ro# &( Cort#"

/" T(e mp7eme$t)to$ o/ #c( ) recomme$%)to$ *77 7e)% to )/rt(er %e7)3 $ t(e %#po#)7 o/ c)#e#. Mere73 bec)#e #omeGo4er$me$t Dep)rtme$t *)$t# to %e74er t# or%er# $ &$%c)$$ot be ) ro$% /or )77 &( Cort# )$% t(e Spreme Cortbe$ rere% to re$%er t(er +%me$t# $ &$%.

" At pre#e$t +$ctre, #c( ) recomme$%)to$ *77 7e)% to #ero#

/rcto$, p)rtc7)r73 bet*ee$ t(e Nort(er$ )$% Sot(er$ St)te#.E$7#( ()# bee$ ) $/3$ 7)$)e )$% )$3 )ttempt to#b#ttte E$7#( *t( &$% # /r)(t *t( r)4e co$#ee$ce#.It m)3 $ot be ot o/ p7)ce to me$to$ t()t C($) # t)5$e?tr)or%$)r3 e//ort# to e$#re t()t t(e co$tr3 # E$7#( 7ter)te.Or m)+or )%4)$t)e $ t(e 7ob)7 eco$om3 # /7e$c3 $ E$7#(7)$)e. Let # $ot %e#tro3 t()t )%4)$t)e. T(e +%me$t# o/ or cort# )re be$ cte% $ t(e %//ere$t Commo$*e)7t(co$tre# )$% )7#o $ t(e -S )$% Erope. Rer$ t(e &(Cort )$% Spreme Cort to %e74er +%me$t# $ &$% *o7% be

) retror)%e #tep.

(" It m#t be reco$e% t()t #e4er)7 )ttempt# to #b#ttte E$7#(*t( &$% or reo$)7 7)$)e# $ t(e &( Cort# ()4e bee$ )co7o##)7 /)7re.

" Re"omme!$atio!:

" It # t(ere/ore recomme$%e% t()t &( Cort# )$% t(e Spreme

Cort #(o7% co$t$e to %e74er t(er +%me$t# $ E$7#(.W(ere4er ) p)rtc7)r +%me$t # rere% /or p)##$ o/ or%er#$ &$%, t()t +%me$t c)$ be tr)$#7)te% $ &$%.

" I$ t(e 4)#t m)+ort3 o/ c)#e#, t(ere ()# bee$ $o $ee% /or +%me$t# to be $ t(e &$% 7)$)e. T(ere ()# bee$ $o)$)73## o/ #pec/c $#t)$ce# *(ere +%me$t# $ E$7#( ()4e

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cre)te% ) #e4ere ()$%c)p $ t(e /$cto$$ o/ t(e Go4er$me$t.-$7e## ) #ce$t/c #t%3 # m)%e, #c( ) recomme$%)to$ #(o7%$ot be mp7eme$te%.

M&. C. La9hmi Na&a(a!a!* A$4o"ate

A# 3o )re )*)re, I ()4e bee$ pr)ctc$ $ t(e M)%r)# &(Cort /rom 1;>6 o$*)r%# )$% I )m #(oc5e% to #ee t()t t(e Dep)rtme$to/ Le)7 A//)r#, M$#tr3 o/ L)* )$% #tce b3 t# 7etter %)te% 2;9


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T(o( $ t(e#e #t)te# pto t(e D#trct Cort 7e4e7, 7e)7procee%$# $c7%$ +%me$t# )re %e74ere% $ t(er 7oc)7 7)$)e#,t(e procee%$ be/ore t(e &( Cort# )$% Spreme Cort )re c)rre%

o$ $ E$7#( 7)$)e *(c( # mo#t co$4e$e$t /or t(e 7t)$t pb7c)$% t(e )%4oc)te# )r$ t(o#e c)#e#. E$7#( be$ $4er#)77)$)e, t(e %me$t o/ t(e &( Cort# )$% Spreme Cort $E$7#( )re o/ re)t mport)$ce. T(o( &$% # %ec7)re% )# N)to$)7L)$)e )77 ot(er 7)$)e# )re 4e$ mport)$ce )$% c)$$ot bet(o(t )# $/eror t()$ &$%. It # o$73 ) #m)77 perce$t)e o/ c)#e#re)c( t(e &( Cort# )$% Spreme Cort comp)re% to #e4er)7 7)5(#o/ c)#e# )t t(e 7o*er 7e4e7. Moreo4er, t(e %me$t o/ t(e &( Cort)$% Spreme Cort )re b$%$ o$ )77 #bor%$)te Cort# )$% )/ter t(e

+%me$t# )re %e74ere% $ &$%, t *77 c)#e ()4oc $ ot(er #t)te#

*(ere &$% # $ot o//c)7 7)$)e. I *77 $4o74e (e e?pe$#e# /or tr)$#7)to$ )$% c)#e %e7)3 $ %e74er$ +%me$t#, t(# $e)t4e t(er(t# o/ 7t)$t# /or #pee%3 +#tce. T(e pre#e$t #3#tem o/ +%me$t#be$ %e74ere% $ E$7#( )t t(e &( Cort# )$% Spreme Cort # t(emo#t #t)b7e $ t(e $tere#t o/ 7t)$t pb7c )$% t(e )%4oc)te# ()7$/rom $o$9&$% #t)te#. Frt(er t(e pre#e$t #3#tem o/ t(e po#t o/ C(e/ #tce o/ &( Cort be$ (e7% b3 ) #e$or +%e /rom %//ere$t Cortp)rtc7)r73 /rom $o$9&$% reo$ *77 c)#e re)t ()r%#(p to #c()ppo$tee#.

Moreo4er, t(# 5$%73 o/ recomme$%)to$ *77 cre)te 779/ee7$)mo$ 4)ro# #t)te# $ I$%) *(c( ()4e t(er o*$ 7)$)e /or )%m$#tr)to$ )$% re44e t(e mc( /orotte$ )$t &$% )t)to$# *(c(# (e)7t(3 /or ) /e%er)7 co$tr3 75e I$%).

I ree#t 3or Lor%#(p to 5$%73 re+ect t(e propo#e% )me$%me$t$ t(e $tere#t o/ $t3 o/ t(e co$tr3.

Artc7e


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t(e /oreo$ pro4#o$# o/ t(# !)rt, $t7 !)r7)me$t b3 7)* ot(er*#e

pro4%e#:

)" )77 procee%$# $ t(e Spreme Cort )$% $ e4er3 &(Cort,

b" t(e )t(ort)t4e te?t#

" o/ )77 '77# to be $tro%ce% or )me$%me$t# t(ereto tobe mo4e% $ et(er &o#e o/ !)r7)me$t or $ t(e&o#e or et(er &o#e o/ t(e Le#7)tre o/ ) St)te,

" o/ )77 Act# p)##e% b3 !)r7)me$t or t(e Le#7)tre o/ ) St)te )$% o/ )77 Or%$)$ce# prom7)te% b3 t(e!re#%e$t or t(e Go4er$or o/ ) St)te, )$%

" o/ )77 or%er#, r7e#, re7)to$# )$% b3e97)*# ##e%$%er t(# Co$#ttto$ or $%er )$3 7)* m)%e b3!)r7)me$t or t(e Le#7)tre o/ ) St)te,

#()77 be $ t(e E$7#( 7)$)e.

2" Not*t(#t)$%$ )$3t($ $ #b9c7)#e )" o/ c7)#e 1" t(eGo4er$or o/ ) St)te m)3, *t( t(e pre4o# co$#e$t o/ t(e !re#%e$t

)t(ore t(e #e o/ t(e &$% 7)$)e, or )$3 ot(er 7)$)e #e% /or )$3 o//c)7 prpo#e# o/ t(e St)te, $ procee%$# $ t(e &( Cort()4$ t# pr$cp)7 #e)t $ t()t St)te:

&rovided t()t $ot($ $ t(# c7)#e #()77 )pp73 to )$3 +%me$t,%ecree or or%er p)##e% or m)%e b3 #c( &( Cort.


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%eeme% to be t(e )t(ort)t4e te?t t(ereo/ $ t(e E$7#( 7)$)e$%er t(# )rtc7e.

D&. R.G. Pa$ia* Se!io& A$4o"ate

REPORT REGARDING RECOMMENDATION NO. 1.82$3 > 1.82e3OF THE PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEE

I$ )$3 co$tr3, %emocr)tc or ot(er*#e, 7)$)e # ) 4e(c7e o/ re)t mport)$ce $ot o$73 emoto$)773 /or t# peop7e, bt )7#o )# ) 4er3/orm%)b7e me)$# o/ t(e proce## o/ t($5$ )# *e77 )# t#comm$c)to$ to ot(er#. I$ ) %emocr)c3, (o*e4er, t# mport)$cebecome# o/ p)rtc7)r mport)$ce, #$ce o$e o/ t(e b)#c r(t# $ )

%emocr)c3 co$/erre% o$ e4er3 cte$ # t(e Free%om o/ Speec( )$%E?pre##o$ $ )$3 *)3 )$% $ )$3 m)$$er t()t ) cte$ %e#re# toe?pre##. I$ t(o#e %emocr)ce#, *(c( )re b)#e% o$ t(e co$cept o/ Fe%er)7#m, t# ro7e # #t77 more 4t)7 #$ce t(ere )re %4ere$t )$%%//ere$t 4e*# o/ t(e peop7e be7o$$ to %//ere$t reo$)7 e$tte# )$%t(er co$/7ct$ c7)m# ()4e to be reco$c7e% $ 4)ro# /e7%# $c7%$t(er 7)$)e#. Fe%er)7#m %em)$%# t# o*$ prce to be p)% )$%o$e o/ #c( re7e4)$t /)ctor# # t(e prob7em o/ /$%$ ot co$#e$## $re#pect o/ reco$to$ )$% #e o/ ) commo$ 7)$)e. I$ ) Fe%er)7Co$#ttto$, t(e po7tc)7 #trctre $ 4)ro# St)te# m)3 be e$tre73

(eteroe$eo#, .e, o$e reo$ m)3 opt /or t# po7tc)7 $#ttto$#, t(eco$cept o/ 7ber)7 %emocr)c3, *(7e )$ot(er m)3 opt /or t(e pr$cp7e#b)#e% o$ m)r?#m, )$% 3et )$ot(er reo$ m)3 opt /or t(e #3#temb)#e% o$ ) p)rtc7)r re7o# /)t( )$% t(e po7ce# em)$)t$ /rom t(e#)me. !op7)to$# compr#$ $ #c( %4er#e reo$# m)3 ()4e t(er o*$ %#t$ct 7)$)e, #po5e$ )# *e77 )# $ #crpt. T(#, t(ere m)3 be$ot o$73 ) c)#e o/ b7$)7#m, bt, $ /)ct, e4e$ ) c)#e o/ m7t7$)7#m, )$% b)7)$c$ o/ #c( co$/7ct$ $tere#t# # ) m)+or %//c7t t)#5. E?pere$ce ()# t)(t # t()t $ I$%) *t( ) 4er3 (epop7)to$ )$% *t( 28 St)te# )$% -$o$ Terrtore#, #c( t)#5 o/ m)5$ ) %e7c)te b)7)$ce # r)t(er %//c7t. T(e re)t )t(or, Gr)$477e

A#t$ $ (# c7)##c Tre)t#e T(e I$%)$ Co$#ttto$ Cor$er#to$e o/ ) N)to$ ()# r(t73 ob#er4e% t()t t(e #o7to$ t()t ()# bee$ e4o74e%)/ter m)r)t(o$ %#c##o$ $ t(e Co$#tte$t A##emb73 # t(e ()7/9(e)rte% comprom#e.

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2. W(7e %r)/t$ t(e Co$#ttto$ t#e7/, t(ere *)# ) m)##4e %eb)teo4er t(e e#to$ o/ 7)$)e to be )%opte% $ t(e co$tr3 )$% t(eprocee%$# o/ t(ree %)te#, .e, 12t( September, 1;=;, 1


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bee$ 4er3 #7o* 75e Artc7e => re7)t$ to comp7#or3 )$% /ree prm)r3e%c)to$ )$% $ re#pect o/ cert)$ Drect4e !r$cp7e# 75e -$/ormC47 Co%e $%er Artc7e ==, $o prore## ()# bee$ m)%e )# 3et. T(e

po$t t()t I *#( to emp()##e # t()t 75e t(e Drect4e !r$cp7e#, *(c()re F$%)me$t)7 $ t(e o4er$)$ce o/ t(e co$tr3, t # 75e73 to t)5e#b#t)$t)7 tme $ e4o74$ co$#e$## $ /$%$ ) comprom#e /orm7)to t(e 7)$)e prob7em /)c$ or co$tr3, bt t(e %e7)3 #(o7% $ot bere)r%e% )# 4er3 #t)rt7$ or %#)#tro# /or t(e mp7eme$t)to$ o/ t(eCo$#ttto$)7 pro4#o$#.

. It m#t be 4e(eme$t73 emp()#e% t()t t(e 7)$)e # ) 4er3pote$t /orce /or N)to$)7 I$ter)to$ $ )$3 co$tr3, bt )t t(e #)metme, t # )7#o ) 4er3 pote$t /orce /or N)to$)7 D#9$ter)to$. I$ )

re)773 *or5$ )$% /$cto$)7 #ocet3, $o mpo#to$ #(o7% be)ttempte% ))$#t t(e *77 o/ ) #b#t)$t)7 $mber o/ peop7e o/ t(e#ocet3 )$% )$3 #c( mpo#to$, e4e$ $ re#pect o/ 7)$)e, # 75e73to be co$ter9pro%ct4e, e#pec)773 *(e$ t(e ##e )7#o $4o74e#(e73 pote$t)7 *e)po$ /or e4o5$ emoto$)7 ot9br#t#. A$)tmo#p(ere ()# to be cre)te% o4er ) 4er3 7o$ pero% o/ tme, $ t(em$%, p#3c(e )$% et(o# o/ t(e peop7e to mo4e to*)r%# t(e )%opto$ o/ ) $/orm 7)$)e /or t(er o*$ *e7/)re )# *e77 )# /or t(e *e7/)re o/ t(e e$tre peop7e. T(e %e4e7opme$t )$% ro*t( o/ )$3 7)$)e $ )$3N)to$ # bo$% to be 4er3 #7o* )$% t(e proce## c)$$ot be )brpt

mpo#to$ o/ )$3 p)rtc7)r 7)$)e cre)t$ )$ )rt/c)7 4)cm. Im#t )%mt t()t or e//ort# /or t(e promoto$ o/ t(e o//c)773 %ec7)re%7)$)e o/ t(e -$o$, .e, &$% ()4e $ot bee$ /773 )$% #)t#/)ctor73#b#t)$t)te% o4er #c( ) 7o$ pero% o/ tme, bt t(e re%eem$/e)tre # t()t t %oe# $ot $ece##)r73 ()4e )$3 #ero# )%4er#eco$#ee$ce#. A re/ere$ce c)$ be m)%e to ) co$tr3 75e C)$)%)*(c( ()# t*o %ec7)re% O//c)7 7)$)e#, $)me73, E$7#( )$%Fre$c(, or ) 4er3 #m)77 co$tr3 75e S*ter7)$% *(c( ()# t(ree%ec7)re% O//c)7 7)$)e#, $)me73, E$7#(, Fre$c( )$% It)7)$.')#c)773, o$e o/ t(e mport)$t e7eme$t# # t(e $ter$)7 )$% mp7ct

#tre$t( o/ t(e 7)$)e t#e7/ %epe$%$ po$ t# )7t3 )$% #pee% o/ ro*t( )$% o$ce t # #o %e4e7ope% $ t# 4oc)b7)r3 )$% #e, t b3 t#e7/ o//er# #o7to$# to t(e peop7e b3 m)5$ e$er)7 #e o/ t(e #)me )$%t(# )#pect # F$%)me$t)7.

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8. It m)3 )7#o be po$te% ot t()t $%er or o*$ Co$#ttto$ $Sc(e%7e VIII, )t pre#e$t, *e ()4e )# m)$3 )# 22 reco$e%7)$)e# )$% )p)rt /rom t(#, $%er Artc7e


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prom7)te% b3 t(e !re#%e$t or t(eGo4er$or o/ ) St)te, )$%

'iii( o/ )77 or%er#, r7e#, re7)to$# )$% b3e97)*###e% $%er t(# Co$#ttto$ or $%er )$37)* m)%e b3 !)r7)me$t or t(e Le#7)tre o/ ) St)te,

#()77 be $ t(e E$7#( 7)$)e.

11. -$%er C7)#e 2" o/ t(e #)% Artc7e, t(e Go4er$or o/ t(e St)tem)3 )t(ore t(e #e o/ &$% 7)$)e or )$3 ot(er 7)$)e et(er

/or t(e o//c)7 prpo#e# o/ t(e St)te or $ procee%$# $ t(e co$cer$e%&( Cort #b+ect to t(e pre4o# co$#e$t o/ t(e !re#%e$t. C7)#e


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. Moreo4er, or po7tc)7 #3#tem # b)#e% o$ t(e 'rt#( Mo%e7 o/ C)b$et Form o/ Go4er$me$t )$% t(ere # ) tot)7 co(e#o$ bet*ee$ t(et*o *$# o/ t(e Go4er$me$t, $)me73, t(e Le#7)tre )$% t(eE?ect4e. A##m$ *t(ot )%mtt$ t()t t(e Le#7)t4e Dep)rtme$tbe7o$# to E?ect4e W$, t pre#e$t# $o %//c7t3 *()t#oe4er, #$ce

t(e E?ect4e c)$ m)5e ) recomme$%)to$ to t(e !)r7)me$t to m)5e#c( ) 7)* $%er Artc7e 0.

1;. A# #t)te% )bo4e, *e ()4e $ot bee$ )b7e to e$rc( &$% 7)$)e)# m)$%)te% $%er Artc7e 1 e4e$ /or t(e #e o/ t(e commo$ m)$

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t(ro(ot t(e co$tr3. I m#t mme%)te73 )%mt t()t *e ()4e )7re)%3$%ert)5e$ t(e t)#5 o/ tr)$#7)t$ 4)ro# Act#, )$ce$t )# *e77 )#mo%er$ $ &$% 7)$)e, bt t(e tr)$#7)te% 4oc)b7)r3 # $ot 4er3

*or5)b7e #$ce &$% 7)$)e t#e7/ ()# $ot bee$ m)%e #//ce$t73 rc(e$o( /or t# commo$ #e. T(e mere te?t)7 tr)$#7)to$ o/ t(e 7)*#,)$ce$t )# *e77 )# pre#e$t, %oe# $ot #b9#er4e t(e $ece##)r3 prpo#e/or %e74er$ +%me$t# et(er /or t(e %e# or t(e 7)*3er#, *(o )ret(e $ece##)r3 7mb# /or t(e +#tce %e74er3 #3#tem. De74er3 o/

+%me$t %epe$%# po$ $ot mere73 t(e te?t)7 tr)$#7)to$ o/ t(epro4#o$# o/ 7)*, bt t co$t)$# m)$3 ot(er $ece##)r3 )$% $ter)7compo$e$t p)rt# 75e p7e)%$# )t )77 7e4e7# $c7%$ #bor%$)te 7e4e7,e4)7)to$ o/ e4%e$ce, e//c)c3 )$% #tre$t( o/ )rme$t# )t )77 7e4e7#$ t(e (er)rc(3 o/ t(e Cort#. I$ m3 per#o$)7 4e*, t(e %e# o/

4)ro# &( Cort# )# *e77 )# o/ t(e Spreme Cort )re #//ce$t73*e7794er#e% $ t(e #e o/ E$7#( 7)$)e )$% t m#t be remembere%t()t t(e proce## o/ %e74er$ ) +%me$t )t t(e &( Cort or t(eSpreme Cort 7e4e7 # $ot ) mec()$c)7 proce##. To%)3, E$7#(7)$)e # 4er3 *e77 *rtte$, #po5e$ )$% rece4e% *e77 )t t(e &(Cort# )$% t(e Spreme Cort b3 t(e 7)*3er# )$% %e# )$% $ m3co$#%ere% 4e*, t(ere # 75e73 to be ) comp7ete co$#e$## )mo$t(em /or t(e co$t$e% #e o/ E$7#( 7)$)e $ t(e +#tce %e74er3#3#tem.

20. At pre#e$t, t(e *or5$ #3#tem $ t(e Spreme Cort co$##t# o/ #bmtt$ E$7#( tr)$#7)to$# o/ t(e p7e)%$#, t(e e4%e$ce )$% t(e

+%me$t# o/ t(e )t(orte# or t(e Cort# be7o* )$% t(# /)c7t)te# t(eSpreme Cort to re$%er t# +%me$t. -$%er or Co$#ttto$, t # t(eSpreme Cort )$% t(e &( Cort# *(c( ()4e ) $e #e$#e o/ mport)$ce )$% $ot %ep)rtme$t)7 )t(orte# *or5$ )# )#9+%c)7Trb$)7#. -$%er t(e co$#ttto$)7 #c(eme o/ t($#, $%epe$%e$ce o/

+%c)r3 co$##t# o/ $%epe$%e$ce b)#c)773 o/ t(e &( Cort# )$% t(eSpreme Cort )$% $ot o/ )$3 )#9+%c)7 )t(ort3 or Trb$)7.Moreo4er, t # t(e +%me$t o/ t(e )#9+%c)7 Trb$)7 or o/ )

o4er$me$t )t(ort3 or o/ t(e Go4er$me$t Dep)rtme$t *(c( ##b+ect to +%c)7 re4e* $%er t(e I$%)$ Co$#ttto$ )$% $ot 4ce4er#). T(#, t(e 7tm)te )t(ort3 # $ot t(e#e Dep)rtme$t# or t(e)t(orte#, bt t(e ((er Cort#. I$ m3 4e*, t(ere/ore, t(e #e#to$#(o7% be +#t t(e re4er#e, .e, $ or%er to e$)b7e t(e#e Go4er$me$tDep)rtme$t# *(c( )re c)rr3$ ot t(e +%c)7@)#9+%c)7 /$cto$#,

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)$ )t(ort)t4e te?t@tr)$#7)to$ o/ t(e 7)$)e o/ t(er c(oce #(o7%be /r$#(e% to t(em o/ t(e +%me$t# %e74ere% b3 t(e Spreme Cortor t(e &( Cort#. It # /or t(e co$cer$e% Go4er$me$t to %e4e7op )

mec()$#m /or #c( )t(ort)t4e tr)$#7)to$#, p)rtc7)r73 $ t(e 5$% o/ 7)$)e t()t t(e#e )t(orte# co7% $%er#t)$% )$% t(ere)/ter t(e3#(o7% be )b7e to $%er#t)$% t(e mert )$% t(e mp)ct o/ t(e +%me$t#o/ t(e Spreme Cort )$% t(e &( Cort# )$% )ct )ccor%$73. I/ #ome(o*, t(e3 )re $)b7e to )pprec)te t(e tr)$#7)te% 4er#o$ o/ t(e

+%me$t#, t(er +%me$t# c)$ )7*)3# be correcte% b3 t(e &( Cort#)$% t(e Spreme Cort )$% t(# # t(e #c(eme o/ t($# $%er or Co$#ttto$.

21. It #(o7% )7#o be remembere% t()t t(e /$cto$ o/ ) +%me$t o/

t(e Spreme Cort or t(e &( Cort# # $ot mere73 t# b$%$ /orce o$t(e co$cer$e% p)rte# or e4e$ o$ )77 ot(er#, $ot mere73 t(e %ec7)r)to$o/ 7)* o/ t(e 7)$% b3 t(e#e Cort#, bt b)#c)773 t #er4e# )# )pro$o$ceme$t o/ t(e 7)* )pp7c)b7e to o4er$ t(e re7)to$#(p# o/ )77peop7e t(ro(ot t(e co$tr3 $ t(er /tre re7)to$# )$% $ re)r% to*(c( t(er 7# # to be %ec%e%. T(#, t # o/ tmo#t mport)$ce )$% /or t(e #tre$t(e$$ o/ t(e r7e o/ 7)* )$% /or t(e )%4)$ceme$t o/ pb7c$tere#t t()t t(# mport)$t 4)7e9ore$t)to$ mp)ct o/ ) +%me$t#(o7% $ot be )//ecte% $ee%7e##73 b3 t(e 7)$)e co$tro4er#3.

22. I$ m3 co$#%ere% op$o$, t(e mo#t #ero# ob+ecto$ to t(eRecomme$%)to$ *o7% be b)#e% o$ t(e %octr$e o/ 4o7)to$ o/ t(eb)#c #trctre o/ t(e Co$#ttto$. #tce %e74er3 #3#tem b3 t(eSpreme Cort )$% t(e &( Cort# # t(e b)#c #trctre o/ t(eCo$#ttto$ )$% t(# $ece##)r73 $c7%e# t(e m)$$er, mo%e )$% t(ee?pre##o$ o/ t()t +%me$t b3 t(e p)rtc7)r Cort. No 7$#tcmpo#to$ o/ )$3 5$% co7% be m)%e po$ )$3 %e o/ t(e SpremeCort or t(e &( Cort# ob7)t$ (m $ot to %e74er (# +%me$t $E$7#(. -#e o/ 7)$)e, *(et(er &$% or E$7#( # $ot ) b)#c/e)tre or p)rt o/ /$%)me$t)7 #trctre o/ or Co$#ttto$, bt t(e

co$cept o/ +%c)7 re4e* # $%ee% #c( ) p)rt )$% t(# )#pect c)$$otbe o4er9emp()#e% )$% ()# to be 5ept $ m$% t(ro(ot. At )$3r)te, $ m3 *e77 co$#%ere% 4e*, be/ore )$3 /$)7 %ec#o$ # t)5e$, t(e4e*# o/ t(e Cort# $c7%$ t(e %e# o/ t(e Spreme Cort m#t bet)5e$ be/ore )$3 )cto$ # t)5e$ to*)r%# t(e mp7eme$t)to$ o/ t(eRecomme$%)to$#. It # p)rtc7)r73 #o, bec)#e t(e Recomme$%)to$

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$ ) crcto# *)3 mpo#e# t(e #t%3, t(e 5$o*7e%e )$% #e o/ &$%o$ t(e %e# o/ t(e &( Cort# )$% t(e Spreme Cort. Frt(er, t(etr)$#/er po7c3 re)r%$ t(e +%e# o/ t(e &( Cort# ()# $ot bee$

/$)773 4e$ p )$%, $ /)ct, # /773 )pp7c)b7e $ re#pect o/ t(e tr)$#/er o/ t(e C(e/ #tce. &e $orm)773 #t)3# /or ) bre/ tme )$% %r$ (##t)3 (e # )7re)%3 ob7)te% to $%er#t)$% )$% #e t(e 7)$)e o/ (#tr)$#/erre% St)te.

2. F$)773, I m(t )%% t()t pre#e$t po7tc)7 #t)to$ # $ot 4er3co$%c4e to t(e mp7eme$t)to$ o/ t(e Recomme$%)to$. T(e

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7)$)e ##e #(o7% $ot be precpt)te% $to ) 5$% o/ po7tc)7 r4)7r3$ or%er to )$ po7tc)7 )%4)$t)e. A7re)%3 t(ere # ) re)t %e)7 o/ %eb)te o$ o$ re)r%$ t(e #cope o/ +%c)7 re4e* b3 t(e &(

Cort# )$% t(e Spreme Cort pert)$$ to t(e 7e#7)t4e )$% t(ee?ect4e )ct# o/ t(e o4er$me$t)7 )t(orte# )$% t(e %eb)te# rem)$$co$c7#4e $ #pte o/ t)5$ p7)ce )t re7)r $ter4)7#, 4er3 /ree$t73)$% $ ) ((73 emot4e *)3. A$3 precpt)te )cto$ )7t(o( t)5e$ $re)t e)r$e#t )$% *t( #tro$ $)to$)7 /ee7$, m)3 re#7t $to t(e 5$%o/ )t)to$# t()t t(e co$tr3 ()# )7re)%3 /)ce% 7o$ b)c5 $ t(e 3e)r 1;6> )$% 7tm)te73 t(e reme%3 m)3 tr$ ot to be *or#e t()$ t(e%#e)#e.

M&. T.P.:. Nam)ia&* Se!io& A$4o"ate

Re#pecte% Dr. #tce L)5#(m)$)$,

I rece4e% 3or 7etter, o/ October 8, 200, $ re: Artc7e


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to %)3, /rom (or to (or, I m(t e4e$ #)3, /rom m$te tom$te $ )ct)7 pr)ctce.. I ()4e /o$% t()t t(ere )re#ome t(ree ($%re% or more )me$%me$t# to t(e#e )rtc7e#.

I/ e)c( o$e o/ t(e )me$%me$t# # to be mo4e% I %o $ot5$o* (o* m)$3 (or# t *77 t)5e.

T(e m)$ #pe)5er o/ t(e %)3 o$ t(e #b+ect *)# t(e&o$or)b7e S(r N. Gop)7)#*)m3 A33)$)r. S(r A33)$)r #t)rte% *t( ) b)$:

Op$o$ ()# $ot )7*)3# bee$ $)$mo# o$ t(# e#to$.T(ere *)#, (o*e4er, o$e t($ )bot *(c( *e re)c(e% )/)r73 $)$mo# co$c7#o$ t()t *e #(o7% #e7ect o$e o/

t(e 7)$)e# $ I$%) )# t(e commo$ 7)$)e o/ t(e*(o7e o/ I$%), t(e 7)$)e t()t #(o7% be #e% /or t(eo//c)7 prpo#e# o/ t(e -$o$.. I /or o$e %% $ot e)#73re)c( t(e co$c7#o$ t()t *)# )rr4e% )t t(e e$% o/ t(e#e%#c##o$#, bec)#e t $4o74e% or b%%$ oo%9b3e to )7)$)e me)$$, E$7#(" o$ *(c(, I t($5, *e ()4e b7t)$% )c(e4e% or /ree%om. T(o( I )ccepte% t(eco$c7#o$ )t t(e e$% t()t t()t 7)$)e #(o7% be 4e$ p$ %e cor#e )$% $ t# p7)ce, *e #(o7% #b#ttte )7)$)e o/ t(# co$tr3, t *)# $ot *t(ot ) p)$ t()t I

)ree% to t()t %ec#o$.

S(r Gop)7)#*)m3 A33)$)r *e$t o$ to #)3 t()t *e co7%$ot )//or% to 4e p t(e E$7#( 7)$)e )t o$ce. We ()% to5eep t(e E$7#( 7)$)e o$ /or ) $mber o/ 3e)r# $t7 &$%co7% e#t)b7#( /or t#e7/ ) p7)ce, $ot mere73 bec)#e t # )$I$%)$ 7)$)e, bt bec)#e )# ) 7)$)e t *o7% be )$e//ce$t $#trme$t /or )77 t()t *e ()4e to #)3 )$% %o $ t(e /tre)$% $t7 &$% e#t)b7#(e% t#e7/ $ t(e po#to$ $ *(c( E$7#(

#t)$%# to%)3 /or -$o$ prpo#e#. S(r A33)$)r co$t$e%:

We t(e$ procee%e% to co$#%er t(e e#to$ o/ t(e7)$)e t()t #(o7% be #e% $ or Le#7)tre# )$% t(e((e#t cort# o/ +#tce $ t(e 7)$% )$% *e c)me to t(eco$c7#o$ )/ter ) re)t %e)7 o/ %e7ber)to$ )$% %#c##o$t()t *(7e t(e 7)$)e o/ t(e -$o$ &$% m)3 be #e% /or

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%eb)te#, /or %#c##o$# )$% #o /ort( $ t(e Ce$tr)7Le#7)tre, )$% *(ere *(7e t(e 7)$)e o/ t(e St)teco7% be #e% /or #m7)r prpo#e# $ t(e St)te Le#7)tre,

t *)# $ece##)r3 /or #, / *e *ere o$ to perpet)te t(ee?#t$ #)t#/)ctor3 #t)te o/ t($# )# re)r%# t(e te?t o/ or 7)*# )$% t(e $terpret)to$ o/ t()t te?t $ t(e cort#, t()tE$7#( #(o7% be t(e 7)$)e $ *(c( 7e#7)to$,*(et(er $ t(e /orm o/ '77# )$% Act# or o/ r7e# )$% or%er#)$% t(e $terpret)to$ $ t(e /orm o/ +%me$t# b3 %e# o/ t(e &( Cort t(e#e #(o7% be $ E$7#( /or #e4er)73e)r# to come. For m3 o*$ p)rt I t($5 t *77 ()4e to be /or m)$3 m)$3 3e)r# to come. It # $ot bec)#e t()t *e *)$tto 5eep t(e E$7#( 7)$)e )t )77 co#t# /or t(e#e

prpo#e#. It # bec)#e t(e 7)$)e# *(c( *e c)$reco$e /or -$o$ prpo#e# )$% t(e 7)$)e# *(c( *ec)$ reco$e /or St)te prpo#e# )re $ot #//ce$t73 prec#e/or t(e prpo#e# t()t I ()4e me$to$e%, 4., 7)*# )$% t(e$terpret)to$ o/ 7)*# b3 Cort# o/ 7)*.

T(e &o$or)b7e Member co$c7%e%, *t( ) *(mper:

I *o7% o$73 )ppe)7 to t(e &o#e t()t *e m#t 7oo5 )t t(#prob7em /rom ) pre73 ob+ect4e #t)$%po$t. We m#t $ot be

c)rre% )*)3 b3 mere #e$tme$t or )$3 5$% o/ )77e)$ce tore44)7#m o/ o$e 5$% or )$ot(er. We ()4e to 7oo5 )t t/rom t(e #t)$% po$t o/ pr)ctc)b7t3. We ()4e to )%)pt t(e$#trme$t *(c( *o7% #er4e # be#t /or *()t *e propo#eto %o $ t(e /tre )$% I /or o$e )ree *t( 3o, Sr, t()t t*77 be ) mo#t $()pp3 t($, ) mo#t %#)ppo$t$77#tr)to$ o/ or $)b7t3 to re)c( )$ )ree% co$c7#o$ o$#o 4t)7 ) m)tter / o$ t(# po$t *e ()4e to %4%e t(e &o#e.I )m #re t()t oo% #e$#e *77 pre4)7.

I #(o7% t($5 t()t e4e$ )t pre#e$t t(e )ppre(e$#o$ 4oce%b3 S(r Gop)7)#*)m3 A33)$)r ()# $ot ce)#e% to e?#t.

Accor%$ to me, *e ()4e $ot #t77 re)c(e% t(e #t)e )t *(c(&$% 7)$)e co7% #b#ttte E$7#(. T(e po#to$ )# o$to%)3 ()# to be co$t$e% /or ) 7o$ tme. It # $ot 3et tme to)me$% Artc7e


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Commttee o/ !)r7)me$t o$ O//c)7 L)$)e. It # $ot 3et tme)t )77 to )#5 t(e &( Cort#@Spreme Cort to #t)rt %e74er$t(er +%me$t# )$% %ecree#, etc. $ &$%.

W()t # t(e po#to$ o/ &$% 7)$)e $o*. W()t # to%)3##t)$%)r% o/ e%c)to$ $ &$%. &o* mc( ()# &$% ro*$ p to#t)$% p to /)ce t(e #t)to$ $4o74e% $ t(e recomme$%)to$# o/ t(e Commttee. I %o $ot /$% )$3 #c(o7)r73 )77re $ t(e#e#to$. It *o7% be too ()#t3 to )ree *t( t(e #e#to$.T(e e#to$ # $ot o$e co$cer$$ /77$ p t(e b7)$5 p)e# o/ t(e 7)*. T(e e#to$ # ) 7o)%e% o$e. I reret m3emb)rr)##me$t, bt I ()4e to #)3, *t( (mb7e )po7oe# to t(eCommttee t(o(, t()t t(ere #(o7% $ot be )$3 )me$%me$t o$

t(e 7$e# #e#te% b3 t(e commttee $ ) (rr3, o$73 /or t(ere)#o$ t()t t(e Le#7)tre@!)r7)me$t #//er# /rom Co$#ttto$)7mp)te$ce. O$e /)7t 7e)%# to t(e $e?t. Sero# t(o(t #(o7%be be#to*e% o$ t(e e#to$ o/ co$#ttto$)7 )me$%me$t# $re7)to$ to L)$)e, e#pec)773 *(e$ 7e#7)to$ # $ot )p)#tor)7 7etter )$%, /rt(er, E$7#( 7)$)e # )$ e$tc$tre)#re. T(e #t)to$ $ 1;=; # %//ere$t /rom t()t $ 200.Tec($o7o3 ()# c()$e% or br)$#, $ t(# c7c5$, b7eep$,/7)#($ *or7% o/ #cree$#. T(e#e )re %)3# o/ E97e)r$$, )$%7ob)7)to$. E4e$ R##) )$% C($) ()4e c()$e% t(er 4e*#

o$ 7)$)e. T(ere # c()$e o$ )77 /ro$t# #oc)7, po7tc)7,e%c)to$)7, reo$)7 etc. I$%) %oe# $ot co$##t o$73 o/ &$%9#pe)5$ )re)#. T(e Co$#ttto$)7 corr%or # $ot t(e pre#er4e o/ &$%. Reo$)7 7)$)e# ()4e ro*$ $ /)ct, o4er9ro*$.&ere, St)te# re9or)$#)to$ b)#e% o$ 7)$)e, ()# p7)3e% )re)t p)rt, )$% t()t, ))$#t t(e &$% 7)$)e. T(e #t)to$ o/ t(e Co$#ttto$)7 Cort# %e74er$ t(er +%me$t#, #$m)$)b7e, $ t(e#e %)3#. A$3bo%3 co$cer$e% *t( t(e)%m$#tr)to$ o/ +#tce b3 &( Cort# )$% t(e Spreme Cort,

*o7% be prep)re%, *t( 7tt7e (e#t)to$, to re7e)#e (# oppo#to$to t(e #e#to$. W(e$ *e t)5e $ot o/ t(e co$#ttto$,or)$#)to$, )$% met(o% o/ )ppo$tme$t o/ +%e#, o/ t(e &(Cort# )$% t(e Spreme Cort, *e m)3 ()4e $o %//c7t3 toperce4e t(e tter mpo##b7t3 o/ +%e# %e74er$ +%me$t# $&$%, e#pec)773 +%e# *t( (o$or)b7e $or)$ce o/ t(e

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7)$)e. Let $ot t(e $()bt)$t# o/ t(e Co$#ttto$)7 Cort#%#trbe%.

At t(e e$% o/ t(e %)3, I co7% /orm7)te o$73 o$e co$c7#o$)$% t()t #, t # $ot 3et tme to )ct o$ t(e 7$e# o/ t(erecomme$%)to$ o/ t(e Commttee o/ !)r7)me$t o$ O//c)7L)$)e, $ re)r% to L)$)e, e#pec)773 Artc7e 3e)r# #tp7)te% $ Artc7e


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crept $. We ()4e $#ttto$)7e% )$% 7oc)7e% t(e E$7#(

7)$)e )# #ome *t( #)%, t ()# become E$7#( #o t # *t(

t(e 7e)7 #3#tem. Or$)773 )$ E$7#( tr)$#p7)$t *t( A$7o9S)?o$ root#, t(e 7e)7 #3#tem $ I$%) ()# ro*$ o4er t(e 3e)r#,

$or#(e% $ I$%)$ #o7 t ()# become $%e$e% *()t *)#

$te$%e% to be )$ E$7#( O)5, ()# tr$e% $to ) 7)re #pr)*7$

')$3)$ tree *(o#e #er)7 root# ()4e %e#ce$%e% to t(e ro$% to

become $e* tr$5#.


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t(e /e%er)7 )$% p7r)7#tc #trctre o/ I$%)$ Socet3 )# *e77 )# t(ebo%3 po7t3. T(e member# o/ t(e A##oc)to$ #tro$73 /ee7 t()t )$3#c( )ttempt to %#trb t(e e?#t$ )rr)$eme$t *o7% o$73 #tre$t(e$

t(e /orce# o/ /##p)ro# te$%e$ce#. Fort$)te73 t(e +%c)r3 ()# bee$/ree /rom 7$#tc +$o#m t(o( t(e pre#e$ce o/ t(e #)me #om$o# e7#e*(ere $ t(e %emocr)tc $#ttto$# o/ I$%epe$%e$t I$%).T(e pre#e$t mo4e *o7% ope$ t(e !)$%or)# 'o? 7e)%$ to m7tt%eo/ c7)m# )$% co$terc7)m# )cro## t(e $)to$. 'e#%e#, #c( ) mo4e*o7% %4%e I$%) $to t*o $4#b7e N)to$#.

T(e member# o/ t(e A##oc)to$ )7#o op$e t()t t(e re#t o/ t(e#ocet3 # /)#t e4o74$ to*)r%# em)$cp)to$ t)5$ )%4)$t)e o/ ctt$ e%e $/orm)to$ tec($o7o3 )$% )##m7)t$ t(e m$%9bo7$

tec($o7oc)7 )4)7)$c(e# t)5$ p7)ce e7#e*(ere $ t(e *or7% bec)#eo/ *%e#pre)% #e o/ E$7#( 7)$)e.

T(e member# o/ t(e A##oc)to$ /rt(er /ee7 t()t t(e propo#e%)me$%me$t to Artc7e


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Co$#ttto$ o/ I$%). T(e member# o/ t(e Her)7) &( Cort A%4oc)te# A##oc)to$ (ereb3 )%opt ) $)$mo# re#o7to$ to oppo#et(e propo#e% Ame$%me$t to Artc7e


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" o/ )77 Act# p)##e% b3 !)r7)me$t or t(e Le#7)tre o/ ) St)te )$% o/ )77 Or%$)$ce# prom7)te% b3 t(e!re#%e$t or t(e Go4er$or o/ ) St)te, )$%

" o/ )77 or%er#, r7e#, re7)to$# )$% b3e97)*# ##e%$%er t(# Co$#ttto$ or $%er )$3 7)* m)%e b3!)r7)me$t or t(e Le#7)tre o/ ) St)te,#()77 be $ t(e E$7#( 7)$)e.

It *)# )t ) tme *(e$ I *)# *orre% b3 7)c5 o/ *orre#, I $otce%t(e recomme$%)to$ o/ t(e Commttee o/ !)r7)me$t o$ O//c)7L)$)e t()t Artc7e


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/rom %)3 to %)3, /rom (or to (or. I m(t e4e$ #)3, /rom m$te tom$te $ )ct)7 pr)ctce.. I ()4e /o$% t()t t(ere )re #ome t(ree($%re% or more )me$%me$t# to t(e#e )rtc7e#. I/ e)c( o$e o/ t(e

)me$%me$t# # to be mo4e% I %o $ot 5$o* (o* m)$3 (or# t *77t)5e..

T(e m)$ #pe)5er o/ t(e %)3 o$ t(e #b+ect *)# t(e &o$or)b7eS(r N. Gop)7)#*)m3 A33)$)r. S(r A33)$)r #t)rte% *t( ) b)$:

Op$o$ ()# $ot )7*)3# bee$ $)$mo# o$ t(# e#to$. T(ere*)#, (o*e4er, o$e t($ )bot *(c( *e re)c(e% ) /)r73 $)$mo#co$c7#o$ t()t *e #(o7% #e7ect o$e o/ t(e 7)$)e# $ I$%) )# t(ecommo$ 7)$)e o/ t(e *(o7e o/ I$%), t(e 7)$)e t()t #(o7% be

#e% /or t(e o//c)7 prpo#e# o/ t(e -$o$. I /or o$e %% $ot e)#73re)c( t(e co$c7#o$ t()t *)# )rr4e% )t t(e e$% o/ t(e#e %#c##o$#,bec)#e t $4o74e% or b%%$ oo%9b3e to ) 7)$)e me)$$,E$7#(" o$ *(c(, I t($5, *e ()4e b7t )$% )c(e4e% or /ree%om.T(o( I )ccepte% t(e co$c7#o$ )t t(e e$% t()t t()t 7)$)e #(o7%be 4e$ p $ %e cor#e )$% $ t# p7)ce, *e #(o7% #b#ttte )7)$)e o/ t(# co$tr3, t *)# $ot *t(ot ) p)$ t()t I )ree% to t()t%ec#o$.

S(r Gop)7)#*)m3 A33)$)r *e$t o$ to #)3 t()t *e co7% $ot

)//or% to 4e p t(e E$7#( 7)$)e )t o$ce. We ()% to 5eep t(eE$7#( 7)$)e o$ /or ) $mber o/ 3e)r# $t7 &$% co7% e#t)b7#(/or t#e7/ ) p7)ce, $ot mere73 bec)#e t # )$ I$%)$ 7)$)e, btbec)#e )# ) 7)$)e t *o7% be )$ e//ce$t $#trme$t /or )77 t()t *e()4e to #)3 )$% %o $ t(e /tre )$% $t7 &$% e#t)b7#(e% t#e7/ $ t(epo#to$ $ *(c( E$7#( #t)$%# to%)3 /or -$o$ prpo#e#. S(r

A33)$)r co$t$e%:

We t(e$ procee%e% to co$#%er t(e e#to$ o/ t(e 7)$)e t()t

#(o7% be #e% $ or Le#7)tre# )$% t(e ((e#t cort# o/ +#tce $t(e 7)$% )$% *e c)me to t(e co$c7#o$ )/ter ) re)t %e)7 o/ %e7ber)to$ )$% %#c##o$ t()t *(7e t(e 7)$)e o/ t(e -$o$ &$%m)3 be #e% /or %eb)te#, /or %#c##o$# )$% #o /ort( $ t(e Ce$tr)7Le#7)tre, )$% *(ere *(7e t(e 7)$)e o/ t(e St)te co7% be #e%/or #m7)r prpo#e# $ t(e St)te Le#7)tre, t *)# $ece##)r3 /or #, / *e *ere o$ to perpet)te t(e e?#t$ #)t#/)ctor3 #t)te o/ t($# )#

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re)r%# t(e te?t o/ or 7)*# )$% t(e $terpret)to$ o/ t()t te?t $ t(ecort#, t()t E$7#( #(o7% be t(e 7)$)e $ *(c( 7e#7)to$,*(et(er $ t(e /orm o/ '77# )$% Act# or o/ r7e# )$% or%er# )$% t(e

$terpret)to$ $ t(e /orm o/ +%me$t# b3 %e# o/ t(e &( Cort t(e#e #(o7% be $ E$7#( /or #e4er)7 3e)r# to come. For m3 o*$ p)rtI t($5 t *77 ()4e to be /or m)$3 3e)r# to come. It # $ot bec)#e t()t*e *)$t to 5eep t(e E$7#( 7)$)e )t )77 co#t# /or t(e#e prpo#e#.It # bec)#e t(e 7)$)e# *(c( *e c)$ reco$e /or -$o$prpo#e# )$% t(e 7)$)e# *(c( *e c)$ reco$e /or St)teprpo#e# )re $ot #//ce$t73 %e4e7ope%, )re $ot #//ce$t73 prec#e /or t(e prpo#e# t()t I ()4e me$to$e%, 4., 7)*# )$% t(e $terpret)to$ o/ 7)*# b3 Cort# o/ 7)*.

T(e &o$or)b7e Member co$c7%e%, *t( ) *(mper:

I *o7% o$73 )ppe)7 to t(e &o#e t()t *e m#t 7oo5 )t t(#prob7em /rom ) pre73 ob+ect4e #t)$% po$t. We m#t $ot be c)rre%)*)3 b3 mere #e$tme$t or )$3 5$% o/ )77e)$ce to re44)7#m o/ o$e5$% or )$ot(er. We ()4e to 7oo5 )t t /rom t(e #t)$% po$t o/ pr)ctc)b7t3. We ()4e to )%)pt t(e $#trme$t *(c( *o7% #er4e #be#t /or *()t *e propo#e to %o $ t(e /tre )$% I /or o$e )ree *t(3o, Sr, t()t t *77 be ) mo#t $()pp3 t($, ) mo#t %#)ppo$t$77#tr)to$ o/ or $)b7t3 to re)c( )$ )ree% co$c7#o$ o$ #o 4t)7 )

m)tter / o$ t(# po$t *e ()4e to %4%e t(e &o#e. I )m #re t()too% #e$#e *77 pre4)7.

I #(o7% t($5 t()t e4e$ )t pre#e$t t(e )ppre(e$#o$ 4oce% b3S(r Gop)7)#*)m3 A33)$)r ()# $ot ce)#e% to e?#t. Accor%$ to me,*e ()4e $ot #t77 re)c(e% t(e #t)e )t *(c( &$% 7)$)e co7%#b#ttte E$7#(. T(e po#to$ )# o$ to%)3 ()# to be co$t$e% /or )7o$tme. It # $ot 3et tme to )me$% Art.


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*o7% be too ()#t3 to )ree *t( t(e #e#to$. T(e e#to$ # $oto$e co$cer$$ /77$ p t(e b7)$5 p)e# o/ t(e 7)*. T(e e#to$ # )7o)%e% o$e. I reret m3 emb)rr)##me$t, bt I ()4e to #)3, *t(

(mb7e )po7oe# to t(e Commttee t(o(, t()t t(ere #(o7% $ot be)$3 )me$%me$t o$ t(e 7$e# #e#te% b3 t(e commttee $ ) (rr3,o$73 /or t(e re)#o$ t()t t(e Le#7)tre@!)r7)me$t #//er# /romCo$#ttto$)7 mp)te$ce. O$e /)7t 7e)%# to t(e $e?t. Sero#t(o(t #(o7% be be#to*e% o$ t(e e#to$ o/ co$#ttto$)7)me$%me$t# $ re7)to$ to L)$)e, e#pec)773 *(e$ 7e#7)to$ # $ot) p)#tor)7 7etter )$%, /rt(er, E$7#( 7)$)e # )$ e$tc$ tre)#re.T(e #t)to$ $ 1;=; # %//ere$t /rom t()t $ 200. Tec($o7o3 ()#c()$e% or br)$#, $ t(# c7c5$, b7eep$, /7)#($ *or7% o/ #cree$#.T(e#e )re %)3# o/ E97e)r$$, )$% 7ob)7)to$. E4e$ R##) )$%

C($) ()4e c()$e% t(er 4e*# o$ 7)$)e. T(ere # c()$e o$ )77/ro$t# #oc)7, po7tc)7, e%c)to$)7, reo$)7 etc. I$%) %oe# $otco$##t o$73 o/ &$%9#pe)5$ )re)#. T(e Co$#ttto$)7 corr%or # $ott(e pre#er4e o/ &$%. Reo$)7 7)$)e# ()4e ro*$ $ /)ct, o4er9ro*$. &ere, St)te# reor)$)to$ b)#e% o$ 7)$)e, ()# p7)3e% )re)t p)rt, )$% t()t, ))$#t t(e &$% 7)$)e. T(e #t)to$ o/ t(eCo$#ttto$)7 Cort %e74er$ t(er +%me$t# $ &$% # $m)$)b7e,$ t(e#e %)3#. A$3bo%3 co$cer$e% *t( t(e )%m$#tr)to$ o/ +#tce b3&( Cort# )$% t(e Spreme Crt, *o7% be prep)re%, *t( 7tt7e(e#t)to$, to re7e)#e (# oppo#to$ to t(e #e#to$. W(e$ *e t)5e

$ote o/ t(e co$#ttto$, or)$)to$, )$% met(o% o/ )ppo$tme$t o/ +%e#, o/ t(e &( Cort# )$% t(e Spreme Cort, *e m)3 ()4e $o%//c7t3 to perce4e t(e tter mpo##b7t3 o/ +%e# %e74er$

+%me$t# $ &$%, e#pec)773 +%e# *t( (o$or)b7e $or)$ce o/ t(e7)$)e. Let $ot t(e $()bt)$t# o/ t(e Co$#ttto$)7 Cort# be%#trbe%.

At t(e e$% o/ t(e %)3, I co7% /orm7)te o$73 o$e co$c7#o$ )$%

t()t #, t # $ot 3et tme to )ct o$ t(e 7$e# o/ t(e recomme$%)to$ o/ t(eCommttee o/ !)r7)me$t o$ O//c)7 L)$)e, $ re)r% to L)$)e,e#pec)773 Artc7e 3e)r##tp7)te% $ Artc7e


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rem)$# o#ep( &e77er# C)tc(922. T(e #o/t #ob# o/ /orotte$#t)te#me$@po7tc)$# o$ t(e e#to$ o/ 7)$)e *77 $ot )b)te /or )7o$ tme to come.

It # $ot 4rto# to be ob#t$)te.

The Ba& Co#!"i7 o% Tami7!a$# A!$ P#$#"he&&(

Reo7#tio! No.18 o% +,, $ate$ +/.11.+,,

It # $)$mo#73 re#o74e% to #tro$73 oppo#e t(erecomme$%)to$# o/ t(e Commttee o/ !)r7)me$t to$ O//c)7 L)$)e

to )me$% t(e Art.


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c" T(# *77 7e)% ) 7ot o/ pr)ctc)7 prob7em# $ co$c7%$ c)#e#$ t(e &( Cort# )# mo#t t(e %e#, A%4oc)te# )$%

)7mo#t )77 t(e 7t)$t pb7c )re $ot co$4er#)$t *t( &$%7)$)e.

%" E$/orc$ prop))to$ o/ )$ $5$o*$ 7)$)e o$ ) 7)re#ecto$ o/ t(e pop7)to$ m)3 %#trb t(e commo$ /)brc o/ I$%) )$% m)3 re#7t $ #oc)7 %#trb)$ce# )# *e77 )# 7)*)$% or%er prob7em#.

I$ t(e crcm#t)$ce#, *e, t(e ')r Co$c7 o/ T)m7 N)% )$%!%c(err3 #tro$73 oppo#e )$3 mo4e to rep7)ce E$7#( *t( &$%

7)$)e $ &( Cort# )$% Spreme Cort.

T(o( op$o$# ()4e bee$ #o(t /rom Dr. #tce A.S. A$)$%,

#tce R.C. L)(ot, #tce S.N. V)r)4), #tce Rm) !)7, S(r Ar$

)t7e3, S(r H. !)r)#)r)$, S(r So7 Sor)b+ee )$% S(r R)+4 D()*)$,

t(ere *)# $o re#po$#e. L5e*#e, t(ere *)# $o re#po$#e /rom t(e

Spreme Cort ')r A##oc)to$, Spreme Cort A%4oc)te#9o$9Recor% A##oc)to$, H)r$)t)5) &( Cort A%4oc)te# A##oc)to$, )$% t(e

&( Cort A##oc)to$ o/ M)%r)#, Mmb), C)7ctt), Ne* De7(,

&m)c()7 !r)%e#(, M)%(3) !r)%e#(, Or##), !)t$), !$+)b )$%

&)r3)$), R)+)#t()$.

Co!"7#io!

I ()4e 4e$ m3 )$?o# )$% t(o(t/7 co$#%er)to$ to t(e

e#to$ )t ##e. A77 t(e retre% &o$b7e %e# o/ t(e Spreme Cort

)$% C(e/ #tce o/ t(e Spreme Cort )$% %e# o/ &( Cort )$%

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7)*3er# )re o/ t(e $/orm 4e* t()t t(e Co$#ttto$ #(o7% $ot be

)me$%e% to e$)b7e t(e Le#7)t4e Dep)rtme$t to $%ert)5e or$)7

%r)/t$ $ &$% )$% t()t t(e propo#)7 *)# #tot73 oppo#e%. T(e7e)r$e% %e# )re )7#o o/ t(e op$o$ t()t #$ce t(e %e# o/ t(e

Spreme Cort )$% &( Cort# )re %r)*$ /rom )77 o4er I$%), )$% t(e3

)re $ot )77 co$4er#)$t *t( &$%, t(e3 #(o7% $ot be )#5e% to %e74er

t(er +%me$t# $ &$%. Frt(ermore, t(e $t3 )$% $tert3 o/ t(e

co$tr3 # bo$% to be )//ecte% b3 t(e 7$#tc c()4$#t# )$% t()t t(e

#*tc( o4er /rom E$7#( to &$% $ t(e Spreme Cort )$% &(

Cort# *77 cre)te po7tc)7 )$% 7e)7 $re#t t(ro( ot t(e co$tr3,

*(c( # )$ )4o%)b7e e?erc#e.

#tce V.R. Hr#($) I3er *)# o/ t(e op$o$ t()t (e # )77 /or &$%

)# ) per#o$)7 pre/ere$ce, bt )77 ))$#t &$% b3 comp7#o$,

e#pec)773 o/ +%me$t# o/ t(e Spreme Cort o/ I$%). &e )7#o

#e#te% 4$ &$% ) (( p7)ce $ $)to$)7 e?pre##o$ )$% /77/)c7t3 $ $#t)$t tr)$#7)to$ o/ e4er3 repre#e$t)to$ peop7e *#( to

m)5e to t(e ((er cort# )# )$ $ter)7 p)rt o/ /ree 7e)7 )%.

#tce '.N. Sr5r#($) # o/ t(e co$#%ere% 4e* t()t t(e propo#)7

to rere t(e Spreme Cort )$% t(e &( Cort# to %e74er +%me$t#

$ &$% *o7% %e/$te73 re#7t $ c()o# )$% *77 )//ect t(e )%m$#tr)to$

o/ +#tce.

T(e /ormer C(e/ #tce o/ I$%) Mr. #tce M.N. Ve$5)t)c()7)(

#)3# t()t o$e m#t )c5$o*7e%e t()t &$% )# or $)to$)7 7)$)e

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m#t )##ert t# r(t/7 p7)ce $ )77 )re)# o/ or $)to$)7 7/e )$% ((er

+%c)r3 #(o7% be $o e?cepto$. &o*e4er, (e #)% t()t t(e

p)r7)me$t)r3 4e*# #(o7% be re#pecte% )$% ) be$$$ ()# to bem)%e t(o( crcm#pecto$ rere# t

law commission report no. 216- non-feasibility of introduction of hindi as compulsory language in...

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