law of the sea volume 1833 a 31363 english

8/4/2019 Law of the Sea Volume 1833 a 31363 English

1/186

ex

officio

Vol.

1833,

1-31363


2/186

397

UNITED NATIONS

CONVENTION

1 ON

THE

LAW

OF THE SEA

S h e

States Parties to

t h i s

Convention,

Prompted

by t h e

desire

to settle,

i n a

spirit of mutual understanding

and

co-operation,

all issues

relating to t h e

law of the sea and

aware

of the

hist o ric

significance

of t h i s Convention as an

important

contribution to t h e

m aint e nance of p e a c e , justice and progress

f o r

all peoples of the world.

Mating

that

developments since

t h e

United Nations Conferences on

t h e

Law

of the

Sea

he ld at Geneva i n 1958

and

1960 have accentuated the need t o t

r e w

and generally acceptable Convention on the law of t h e

s e a ,

Conscious

that

the

p r o ble m s

of ocean

space

are

clo se ly

interrelated and

ne e d

to

be

considered

as

a

whole.

Recognizing

t h e d esirabilit y

of

establishing

through this Convention,

with due regard

f o r t h e sovereignty

of all

States,

a legal order

f o r

the seas

and oceans

which will facilitate international communication, and will promote

the

p e ace ful

uses of

t h e seas

and oceans,

t h e

equitable and efficient

utilization of t h e i r resources, t h e

conservation

of t h e i r living resources,

and

the

s t u d y , protection and preservation of t h e marine

environment,

1

Came into force

on

1 6

November

1994, i.e.,

1 2

months

after the date

of deposit with

the

Secretary-General of

the United Nations of the sixtieth instrument of ratification or accession, in accordance with article

308 1):

ngola

1990

Antigua

and

Barbuda

2

February

1989

Bahamas

29 July 1983

Bahrain

30

May 1985

Barbados

1 2

October

1993

Belize

1 3

August

1983

Botswana

2 May 1990

Brazil*

22

December

1988

Cameroon

1 9

November

1985

Cape

Verde* 1 0

August

1987

Costa Rica 2 1 September

1992

C te d'Ivoire 26

March

1984

Cuba*

1 5

August

1984

Cyprus

1 2

December 1988

Djibouti

8

October

1991

Dominica

24

October

1991

Egypt* 26

August 1983

Fiji

1 0 December

1982

Gambia 22 May 1984

Ghana

7

June 1983

Grenada 25 April 1991

Guinea 6

September

1985

Guinea-Bissau* 25

August

1986

Guyana 1 6

November

1993

Honduras

5

October

1993

Iceland* 2 1

June 1985

Indonesia

3

February

1986

Iraq

30

July 1985

Jamaica

2 1

March

1983

Kenya

2

March

1989

Kuwait*

Mali

Malta*

M arshall Islands

Mexico

Micronesia Federated

States of)

Namibia

Nigeria

Oman*

Paraguay

Philippines*

Saint

Kitts-et-Nevis

Saint

Lucia

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Sao

Tome and P rincipe

Senegal

Seychelles

Somalia

Sudan

Togo

Trinidad

and

Tobago

Tunisia*

Uganda

United Republic of Tanzania*

Uruguay*

Yemen*'

Yugoslavia*

Zaire

Zambia

Zimbabwe

2 May

1 6 July

20

M ay

9

August

1 8

March

29 April

1 8 April

1 4 August

1 7 August

26

September

8

May

7

January

27

March

1er October

3

November

25

October

1 6 September

24

July

23

January

1 6 April

25 April

24

April

9

November

30

September

1 0

December

2 1 July

5 May

1 7 February

7

March

24

February

1 9 8 6

1 9 8 5

1 9 9 3

1 9 9 l a

1 9 8 3

1 9 9 1 a

1 9 8 3

1 9 8 6

1 9 8 9

1 9 8 6

1 9 8 4

1 9 9 3

1 9 8 5

1 9 9 3

1 9 8 7

1 9 8 4

1 9 9 1

1 9 8 9

1 9 8 5

1 9 8 5

1 9 8 6

1 9 8 5

1 9 9 0

1 9 8 5

1 9 9 2

1 9 8 7

1 9 8 6

1 9 8 9

1 9 8 3

1 9 9 3

Vol. 1833, 1-31363


3/186

1994

Bearing i n mind that the

achi e veme nt

of

t he s e goals

will

cont r ibute

to

the

realization

o f

a just and equitable international economic order

which

takes in to

account

the interests and

needs

of

ma nk i nd

as a

whole

ana, i n

particular, t h e

special

interests and needs of developing countries, whether

coastal

o r land-locked,

D e . 8 i . i r

i n g by this

Conve nt ion

to develop the

principles embodied i n

resolution

2 7 4 9 ( X X V ) of

1 7

December 1 9 7 0 2 i n

which

t h e

General

Assembly of t h e

United Nations solemnly declared i n t e r alia that

t h e

area of the sea-bed and

oc e a n floor and t h e subsoil t h e r e o f , beyond

t h e

limits of national

jurisdiction, as well as i t s resources, are the

common

heritage of mankind;

t h e

explora t ion and exploitation of

which s hall

be

carried out

for the benefit

of mankind

as a whole,

irrespective of

the

geographical location of

S t a t e s ,

Believing that t h e

codification

and progressive

development

of t h e law

of the sea

achieved i n

this

Conve nt ion

will

contribute

t o the strengthening of

peace, security, co-operation and friendly relations

among all

na t ions in

conformity with the pr i nci ple s of justice and equal rights and

will

promote

t h

economic and

social

advancement

of all

people s

of t h e world,

i n accordance

with

the

Purposes and Principles

of t h e

United Nations a s set

forth

i n

the

Charter,

MUjOEJM that matters not regulated

by this

Conve nt ion cont i nue to be

gove r ned

by t h e

rules and principles of general international l a w .

Have agreed

as

f o l l o w s

In addition, and prior to the entry

into

force of the Convention, the following States also deposited instruments

of ratification, accession or notification of

succession:

d)

Bosnia

and

Herzegovinia 12

January 1994d

With effect from 16

November

1994.)

Comoros

21 June

With effect

from

16

November

1994.)

Sri Lanka 19 July

With effect from

16

November

1994.)

Viet Nam* 25 July

With effect from

16

November

1994.)

d)

1 9 9 4

1 9 9 4

1 9 9 4

The former Yugoslav Republic

of Macedonia 19 August

1994d

With

effect from

16 November

1994.)

Australia 5 October

1994

With effect from 16

November

1994.)

Germany 14 October 1994a

With effect from 16 November

1994.)

Mauritius 4 November

1994

With effect from 16

November

1994.)

For

the

declarations made

upon ratification

or accession, see vol. 1835,

p.

105.

** Democratic Yemen ratified the Convention on 21

July 1987.

Subsequently, the Yemen Arab Republic and the

People's

Democratic

Republic

of

Yemen

merged on 2 2 May 1990 to

form the Republic

of Yemen.

The Republic

of

Yemen is considered a party

to

the Convention as from the date when Democratic Yemen became a party to the

Convention.

United

Nations,

A/8028) ,

p. 24 .


4/186

PART I

INTRODUCTION

A r t i c l e

1

U s e

of

t e r m s a n d s c o p e

1 .

F O C t h e

p u r p o s e s of t h i s

C o n v e n t i o n s

( 1 ) " A r e a " means t h e s e a - b e d a n d o c e a n f l o o r a n d s u b s o i l t h e r e o f ,

b e y o n d t h e l i m i t s

of

n a t i o n a l j u r i s d i c t i o n ;

( 2 ) " A u t h o r i t y " m e a n s t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l S e a - B e d

A u t h o r i t y }

( 3 )

" a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e A r e a "

means

a l l a c t i v i t i e s o f e x p l o r a t i o n

f o r ,

a n d e x p l o i t a t i o n o f , t h e

r e s o u r c e s of

t h e A r e a ;

( 4 ) " p o l l u t i o n of t h e

marine

e n v i r o n m e n t "

means

t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n

by

m a n , d i r e c t l y o r i n d i r e c t l y ,

of

s u b s t a n c e s o r e n e r g y i n t o t h e m a r i n e

e n v i r o n m e n t , i n c l u d i n g e s t u a r i e s , which r e s u l t s o r i s l i k e l y

to

r e s u l t i n s u c h

d a l o t e r i o u s e f f e c t s a s harm t o l i v i n g r e s o u r c e s a n d m a r i n e

l i f e ,

h a z a r d s t o

human h e a l t h , h i n d r a n c e

to marine

a c t i v i t i e s ,

i n c l u d i n g f i s h i n g and o t h e r

l e g i t i m a t e u s e s of t h e s e a , i m p a i r m e n t of q u a l i t y

f o r

u s e o f

s e a

w a t e r a n d

r e d u c t i o n of

a m e n i t i e s

( 5 ) ( a ) " d u m p i n g "

m e a n s j

( i ) a n y d e l i b e r a t e d i s p o s a l

of

w a s t e s o r o t h e r m a t t e r f r o m

v e s s e l s , a i r c r a f t , p l a t f o r m s o r o t h e r m a n - m a d e

s t r u c t u r e s

at

s e a ;

( i i ) a n y d e l i b e r a t e d i s p o s a l

o f

v e s s e l s , a i r c r a f t , p l a t f o r m s

o r o t h e r m a n - m a d e s t r u c t u r e s a t s e a ;

( b ) " d u m p i n g *

does

n o t i n c l u d e :

( i ) t h e d i s p o s a l

of

w a s t e s o r o t h e r m a t t e r i n c i d e n t a l t o , o r

d e r i v e d f r o m t h e n o r m a l o p e r a t i o n s o f

v e s s e l s , a i r c r a f t ,

p l a t f o r m s o r o t h e r m a n - m a d e s t r u c t u r e s a t s e a a n d t h e i r

e q u i p m e n t , o t h e r

t h a n

wastes o r o t h e r m a t t e r t r a n s p o r t e d

b y

o r

t o v e s s e l s , a i r c r a f t , p l a t f o r m s o r o t h e r

man-made

s t r u c t u r e s a t

s e a , o p e r a t i n g f o r t h e p u r p o s e

o f

d i s p o s a l

o f

s u c h

m a t t e r o r

d e r i v e d

f r o m

t h e

t r e a t m e n t of

s u c h

w a s t e s o r o t h e r m a t t e r

on

s u c h v e s s e l s , a i r c r a f t ,

p l a t f o r m s o r

s t r u c t u r e s }

( i i ) p l a c e m e n t

o f m a t t e r

f o r a p u r p o s e

o t h e r t h a n t h e mere

d i s p o s a l t h e r e o f , p r o v i d e d

t h a t

s u c h p l a c e m e n t i s

n o t

c o n t r a r y t o

t h e

a i m s

of t h i s C o n v e n t i o n .

2 . ( 1 ) " S t a t e s P a r t i e s " m e a n s S t a t e s w h i c h

h ve c o n s e n t e d t o b e

b o u n d

b y

t h i s C o n v e n t i o n a n d f o r w h i c h

t h i s

Convention

i s

i n

f o r c e .


5/186

400 United Nations

Treaty Series Nations Unies

Recueil des

Traits

1994

( 2 )

T h i s C o n v e n t i o n a p p l i e s m u t a t i s m u t a n d i s t o t h e e n t i t i e s

r e f e r r e d to

i n

a r t i c l e 3 0 5 , p a r a g r a p h

l ( b ) , ( c ) , ( d ) ,

( e )

a n d

( f ) , w h i c h

b e c o m e P a r t i e s t o t h i s C o n v e n t i o n i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e c o n d i t i o n s r e l e v a n t

t o e a c h , a n d t o t h a t e x t e n t " S t a t e s P a r t i e s " r e f e r s t o t h o s e e n t i t i e s .

P A R T

I I

TERRITORIAL

SEA AND

CONTIGUOUS ZONE

SEC TION

1

GENERAL PROVISIONS

A r t i c l e ,

L e g a l

s t a t u s of

t h e

t e r r i t o r i a l

s e a

f of

t h e a i r 8 p a e g _ e - y e

t h e t e r r i t o r i a l s e a a n d

of

i t s b e d a n d s u b s o i l

1 .

T h e

s o v e r e i g n t y

of

a

c o a s t a l S t a t e

e x t e n d s ,

b e y o n d

i t s

l a n d

t e r r i t o r y

a n d i n t e r n a l

w a t e r s a n d ,

i n

t h e

c a s e

of

a n a r c h i p e l a g i e S t a t e ,

i t s

a r e h i p e l a g i c w a t e r s , t o an a d j a c e n t b e l t of

s e a ,

d e s c r i b e d a s t h e t e r r i t o r i a l .

s e a .

2 . f f i i i s s o v e r e i g n t y e x t e n d s t o t h e a i r s p a c e

o v e r

t h e t e r r i t o r i a l

s s a

a s w e l l a s t o

i t s

bed and

s u b s o i l .

3 . T h e s o v e r e i g n t y o v e r t h e t e r r i t o r i a l s e a

i s

e x e r e i s e d s u b j e t t o

t h i s C o n v e n t i o n a n d t o o t h e r r u l e s of i n t e r n a t i o n a l l a w .

SECTION

2 .

LIMITS OF THE TERRITORIAL SEA

A r t i c l e 3

B r e a d t h of

t h e t e r r i t o r i a l

s e a

E v e r y S t a t e h a s t h e r i g h t t o e s t a b l i s h t h e b r e a d t h

f

i t s t e r r i t o r i a l

s e a

u p t o

a

l i m i t

n o t e x c e e d i n g 1 2

n a u t i c a l

m i l e s , m e a s u r e d

f r o m

b a s e l i n e s

d e t e r m i n e d i n a c c o r d a n c e

with

t h i s C o n v e n t i o n .

A r t i c l e

4

O u t e r

l i m i t o f

t h e


s e a

T h e o u t e r l i m i t of

t h e t e r r i t o r i a l s e a

i s

t h e

l i n e e v e r y

point

of

whieh

i s

a t

a

d i s t a n c e f r o m

t h e

n e a r e s t p o i n t

of

t h e

b a s e l i n e e q u a l

t o t h e

b r e a d t h

of

t h e


s e a .

A r t i c l e 5

n o r m a l

b a s e l i n e

E x c e p t

w h e r e

o t h e r w i s e p r o v i d e d i n t h i s

C o n v e n t i o n ,

t h e n o r m a l b a s e l i n e

f o r m e a s u r i n g

t h e

b r e a d t h o f t h e t e r r i t o r i a l s e a

i s

t h e l o w - w a t e r

l i n

a l o n g

t h e c o a s t a s m a r k e d

on

l a r g e - s c a l e c h a r t s o f f i c i a l l y r e c o g n i s e d b y t h e o a s t a l

S t a t e .

V o l .

1 8 3 3 ,

1 - 3 1 3 6 3


6/186

Artic l e_6

j t e e f s

In th e ca s e of

isl an ds

s i t u a t e d o n

atol l s or

of islands

h av in g frin g in g

reefs,

t he b a s e li ne

for

me a s u r i ng

the

b r e a d t h of

th e territorial sea

is

the

s e a w a r d low -w a t e r

l in e

of

the reef, as

s how n

by

the

ap p rop riate s y mbol

o n

c h a r t s o f f i c i a l l y r e co gni z e d by the c o a s t a l

State.

Ar t i cle

7

S t r a i ght b a s e li ne s

1 . In loca li t i e s w he r e the

coa s t li ne

i s

de e ply

in den ted an d

cut

into,

or if t h e r e i s a f r i n g e of isl an ds al on g th e coa s t i n its imm diate v ic in it y ,

the m e t h o d of s t r a i ght b a s e li ne s

j oin in g

a ppr o pr i a t e po i nt s m a y

be

e m plo ye d

i n

dr a w i ng t h e b a s e li ne f r om whi ch the b r e a d t h of th e t e r r i t or i a l sea i s

measured.

2 . Whe r e b e ca u s e

o f

the

pr e s e nce of

a de lt a an d oth er n atural

c o n d i t i o n s

t he coa s t li ne

i s

h i g h l y

un stabl e, th e

a ppr o pr i a t e

p o i n t s

ma y

be

s e l e c t e d a l o n g

th e

fu r t he s t s e a w a r d e xt e nt o f

the

low -w a t e r line

and,

n o t w i t h s t a n d i n g

s u b s e qu e nt r e gr e s s i o n

of th e l ow- water line,

the

straig h t

b a s e l i n e s

s ha ll

remain

e f f e c t i v e

un til

cha nge d

by the

coa s t a l

State i n

a ccor d a nce

w i t h

th is C on v en tion .

3 . The dr a w i ng of s t r a i ght b a s e li ne s mu s t no t d e pa r t to an y a ppr e ci a b le

e xt e nt f r om

the

g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o f th e c oast, an d

the

sea areas l y in g w i t h i n

the li ne s

m u s t b e

s u ffi ci e nt ly clos e ly l in ked t o th e l an d domain to be s u b je ct

to the r gi m e of

in tern al

waters.

4 .

S t r a i ght b a s e li ne s sh al l no t be dr a w n to an d fr om l ow- tide

e le va t i o ns ,

u nle s s li ght hou s e s or simil ar

i ns t a lla t i o ns

w hi ch are p e r m a n e n t l y

abov e Sea

le ve l ha ve b e e n b u i lt

on

t he m

or

e xce pt

in

in stan c es

w he r e

the

dr a w i ng o f

'baselines

t o

an d from such

e l e v a t i o n s h a s

rec eiv ed g en eral

i nt e r na t i o na l

rec og n ition .

5 . Whe r e th e m e t h o d

of s t r a i ght b a s e li ne s

i s

a ppli ca b le

under

p a r a g r a p h

1 ,

a ccou nt m a y be

taken, i n

de t e r m i ni ng pa r t i cu la r basel in es, of

e co nom i c i nt e r e s t s pe cu li a r

to

the

reg ion c on c ern ed, th e real it y an d th e

i m por t a nce of w hi ch

are

cle a r ly e vi d e nce d by long

usage.

6 . The s y s t e m

of s t r a i ght b a s e li ne s

m a y n ot be

a ppli e d

by a S t a t e i n

suc h a ma nne r a s to cu t off the t e r r i t or i a l sea of an oth er State from th e h i g h

seas or an e xclu s i ve e co nom i c zone.

Artielg_8

Internal w a t e r y

1 .

Exce pt as pr o vi d e d in Part I V , wa t e r s o n the l an dward side

o f

the

b a s e li ne of th e t e r r i t or i a l sea form p art of th e in tern al

waters

of th e State.

2 . Whe r e

the

e s t a b li s hm e nt of

a

s t r a i ght b a s e li ne i n ac c ordan c e wi t h

t h e m e t h o d set forth in a r t i cle

7

has the e ffe ct of en c l osin g as in tern al

w a t e r s

a r e a s

w h i c h

ha d

n ot

pr e vi ou s ly

been

co ns i d e r e d

as such, a rig h t

of

in n oc en t p a s s a g e as

pr o vi d e d

i n

this

C o n v e n t i o n sh al l ex ist

i n

th ose waters.

V o l .

1 8 3 3 , 1 - 3 1 3 6 3


7/186

I f a

r i v e t

flows directly into

t h e s e a , t h e

b a s e l i r e a shall

f o s

a

straight

line across t h e

i s o u t h

of

t h e r i v e r

between points on t h e low-water line of

i t s

b a n k s .

1 .

This article relates only to bays

t h e

coasts

o f

which

belong to a

single S

t a

t a ,

2 . F o r t h e

pur pos e s of

this Convention, a

ba y

i s

a well-marked

indentation

whos e pe ne t r a t ion i s

i n such

proportion

t o t h e width o i t s mouth

as to contain land-locked waters

and

constitute more

than

a curvature of

t h e

c o a s t . AD indentation shall p o t , however be regarded a s

a

bay unless i t s

area i s as large

a s ,

r larger t h a n that of

t h e

semi-circle

hose

diameter

i s

a li ne drawn acros s

the mouth

o f

that indentation

3 .

J S s r

t h e

pur pos e

of

Measurement

t h e

area of an indentation i s

that

lying between

t h e

low-water

s n a r l s

around

t h e

shore of

t h e

Indentation and a

line joining

the

low-water mark of

i t s

natural ntrance

p o i n t s

where,

because

of t h e

preawac* o f

islands, an

indentation ha s

more than

one

mouth,

t t o e

semi-circle shall b drawn on a line

as

l o n g

as t h e

sum total of

t h e

le ngt hs of

t h e

liims across

t h e

different

m o u t h s .

Islands within an

indentation shall be included as i f t he y

were

part of

t h e

water area of

t h e

indentation.

4 . I f t h e

distance between

t h e low-water marks of t h e

natural entrance

points of

a

ba y

does

not

e i s e s e d

2 4

nautical ailes,

a

closing line

a a y

b e

drawn

between

these

two

low-water marks,

a nd

t h e

waters enclosed thereby

shall b

considered as

internal waters.

5 . . Mher

the

distance between

t h e low-watsr marks of t h e

natural

e nt r a nce poi nt s of bay

exceeds 2 4

nautical miles?

a

straight baseline of 3 4

nautical mil shall

be dram within t h

ba y i n

such

a

manner as to

enclose

t h e a a x i r a u n area

o f water

that

i a possible with a l i n e of t h a t

length.

S . f l i a

foregoing provisions

do

not apply

t o ao-calle "historic"

b a y s ,

oe in a n y

ca n

where t h e system of straight baselines provided f o e

i n

article

7

i s applied.

F o r

t o

pur ps s e

o f delimiti ng t h e territorial

a e a

t h e outermost

permanent

harbour works which form an

integral

part of

t h e

harbour system are

regarded as forming part of t h e c o a s t .

Off-shore

installations and

artificial

i s l a n d s

shall not be e o n s i a r e S

as p e m a n e n t

harbour w o r k s .

Vol. 1833, 1-31363


8/186

rtiole_12

j j g g d a t g a d B .

B o a < S 8 t i s d s

which are nooaa ly used

f o r t h e loading,

unloading and

nehori3 o f s h i p s , a nd which

would

ot he rwise b situated wholly

or

pa r tly

o t s i i t h e

outer limit of

the

territorial s e a , are included i n

t h e

territorial s @ * .

1 . A low-tide elevation i s a naturally formed area of land which i s

surrounded

by ana above

water

a t

low

tide but

submergea

at high t i d e , f i b e r a

low-tide alavation i s situated

wholly

or

p a r t l y

at

a

dista n a not exceedi ng

the btaadtb o

t h e

territorial aa from the

mai nla nd

or an

I s l a n d ,

the

Iwimter l i r a *

o n

that

elevation may be used

as the

baseline

f o e

measuring

t h e

beswlth o f the territorial s e a .

2 . Hher e a low-t ide ele vat ion

is

wholly situated at a dista nce

s s e ^ i nf the breadth o f

t h e

territorial g@a f r o m ' the

mai nla nd

o ? :

an i s l a n d ,

i t ha

n o territorial

usa o f i t s o w n .

Article

1 4

( j g M b i n a t i p n

f t

S

met hods

for

determi ni ng

baselines

0 coas t al

State m a y

determi ne

baselines i n turn by a n y of

t h

provided for i n the foregoing

articles

to

suit diffe r e nt

conditions.

Article

I S

D g l i g i i t a t i g n _ o j

thejtgrritorial se a between S t a t e s with

the

coasts

of

two S t a t e s a r e oppos i t e

or

adjace nt to e ach

other,

neither of tha

two s t a t e s

i s entitled, failing

a gr e eme nt betwee n t he n

to ths

contrasy; to extend

i t s

territorial sea beyond

t h e

median li ne e ve r y p o i n t o

t t l t i e i i is

equidistant from the ne a r e s t poi nt s o n the baselines from which the

t e r - M a t ? , of i f e s

territorial

seas of

e ach of

t h e

two States

i s measured Ihe

above pcoviaion does not

a p p l y , h o w e v e r ,

where i t i s necessary by cesnon of

historic titla

t other special circumstances to delimit

t h e

territorial s s a s

o f tb two S t a t e s

in

a w a y which i s a t va r i a nce

therewith.

Qtarts^and

l i e t s ,

o f ,

geographical cg-ordinatea

1 .

fhe baselines

for

measuring

t h e

breadth of

the

territorial sea

d trained

in

accordance with articles 7 , 9 and

1 0 ,

or

the limits

s e e i ved

thgsfe , and the lines o f

d e l

r a i

t a t i o n

drawn i n accordance with articles 1 2

ana

I S s h a l l , be

shown

on

charts of

a

scale

or

scales adequate

f o r

ascertaining

position, alternatively, a list of

geogr a phical

co-ordinates of point*,

the

geodetic

datum,

m a y be

substituted.

2 . The

coast al S t a t e

shall

gi ve

due

publicit y

to such charts oe lists

o C geogr a phical co-ordi na t e s a nd

shall

depos i t

a

copy of

each such

chart

o r

list r t f c h t t e Secretary-General

of t h e

United

Nations.

V o l .

1 8 3 3 , 1 - 3 1 3 6 3


9/186

SECTION 3 .

IWCCBHT

f& S S GE

ZN

THE TERRITORIAL S B A

S U BSECTION h. RULES A P P LICA B LE TO i

S u b j e c t

to

t h i s C o n v e n t i o n ?

s h i p s of a l l

S t a t e s ,

w h e t h e r

c o a s t a l o r

l a n d -

o c k e d , e n j o y

t h e r i g h t

o f i n n o c e n t p a s s a g e t h r o u g h t h e t e r r i t o r i a l s < s a .

o f p a s s a g e

1 . P a s s a g e m e a n n a v i g a t i o n t h r o u g h t h e t e r r i t o r i a l s e a f o r t h e

p u r p o s e o f t

( a )

t r a v e r s i n g t h a t s e a

w i t h o u t e n t e r i n g i n t e r n a l w a t e r s

o s

c a l l i n g

a t a r o a d s t e a d

o r p o r t

f a c i l i t y

o u t s i d e i n t e r n a l w a t e r s ? o c

( b ) p r o c e e d i n g

t o

o r

f r o

i n t e r n a l

w a t e r s o c c a l l

a t s u c h

r o a d s t e a d o r port f a c i l i t y .

2 .

P a s s a g e s h a l l b e

c o n t i n u o u s

a n d

e x p e d i t i o u s . H o w e v e r , p a s s a g e

i n c l u d e

s t o p p i n g a n d a n c h o r i n g , b u t only i n s o f a r a s t h e s a m e a r e

i n c i d e n t a l

t o

o r d i n a r y n a v i g a t i o n

o r

a r e r e n d e r e d

n e c e s s a r y b y

f o r c e M a j e u r * o r d i s t r e s s

o c

f o r t h e

p u r p o s e o f

r e n d e r i n g

a s s i s t a n c e t o p e r s o n s ,

s h i p s

o r a i r c r a f t

i n

d a n g e r o r d i st r e s s .

A r t i g l _ l 9

1 .

P a s s a g e

i s

i n n o c e n t so

l o n g

a s i t i s n o t p r e j u d i c i a l

t o

t h e p e a c e ,

good o r d e r o r s e c u r i t y of t h e c o a s t a l

S t a t e .

S u c h p a s s a g e s h a l l t a k e p l a c e

i n

conformity

w i t h

t h i s

C o n v e n t i o n

a n d

w i t h o f e h e r

r u l e s

o f

i n t e r n a t i o n a l l a w .

2 .

P a s s a g e of

a

f o r e i g n s h i p s h a l l b e c o n s i d e r e d t o b @ p r e j u d i c i a l t o

t h e p * a e , g o o d o r d e r or s e c u r i t y o f t h e c o a s t a l S t a t e

i f

i n t h e t e r r i t o r i a l

s a

i t

e n g a g e s i n

any

of

t h e f o l l o w i n g

a c t i v i t i e s

{ & ) a n y t h r e a t

o c

u s e

of f o r c e

a g a i n s t t h e s o v e r e i g n t y ,


i n t e g r i t y o r p o l i t i c a l i n d e p a n d e n c * o f t h e c o a s t a l S t a t e , o r i n a n y

o t h e r B a n n e r i n v i o l a t i o n o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l l a w

e m b o d i e d

i n

t h e

C h a r t e r

o f t h e

U n i t e d

H t i o n s ;

( b ) a n y x e e c i s @ o r p r a c t i c e w i t h w e a p o n s o f a n y k i n d s

( c )

a n y a c t a i m e d a t c o l l e c t i n g

i n f o r m a t i o n t o

t h e p r e j u d i c e o f t h

d e f n c o r s e c u r i t y o f

t h e

c o a s t a l

S t a t e

( d )

a n y a c t o f p r o p a g a n d a

a i m e d

a t

a f f e c t i n g t h e

d e f e n c e o r s e c u r i t y of

& h @

c o a s t a l s t a t e ;

( )

t h e

l a u n c h i n g , l a n d i a g o r

t a k i n g o n

b o a r d

o f

a n y

Vol.

1833, 1-31363


10/186

(f| iaaciftf

,

landing or taking

a

bosed of any military

fg>

the

'loading

or auloaitsg of aay eoisiaoditys currency or person

to the easterns fiscal inmlgration- or sanitary laws a nd

of

the

soaatal

States

( h ) - a n y a c t o f w i l f u l a n d a e r i o u s p o l l u t i o n c o n t r a r y t o t h i s

C o n v e n t i o n ?

f i ) a t s y f i s h i n g a c t i v i t i e s ?

C j t h c a r r y i n g

o a t

o f r e s e a r c h o r s u r v e y

a c t i v i t i e s

| f c ) a n y e t a i m e d

a t

i n t e r f e r i n g

w i t h

a n y s y s t e m s

o f c o i g m u n i c a t i o n

o r

a n y t f e e e

f a c i l i t i e s

o x

i n s t a l l a t i o n s

o f t h e c o a s t a l S t a t e ;

( 1 ) a n y o t l r a r a c t i v i t y n o t h a v i n g a d i r e c t b e a r i n g

o n

p a s s a g e .

and othyg .underwater

vehic3.es

I n t h e t @ . r i t o l a l s @ a ,

@ u b n a i n @

a n d o t h e r

u n d e r w a t e r

v e h i c l e s a x e

r e q u i r e d

t o

n a v i g a t e

on

t h e s u r f a c e

a n d t o s h o w

t h e i r

f l a g .

r t i c l e _ 2 1

1 . " M i a c o a s t a l S t a t e m a y a d o p t l a w s a n d r e g u l a t i o n s , i n c o n f o r m i t y

w i t h

t h e

pswricioM o

t h i s

C o n v e n t i o n a n a

o t h e r r u l e s

o f

i n t e r n a t i o n a l

l a w ,

r e l a t i n g t o i m s o e e n t p a s s a g e t h r o u g h

t h e


s < s & ,

i n

r e s p e c t

of

a l l o r

a n y o t h e CoUowingt

- f e s a f e t y o f n a v i g a t i o n a n d t h e r e g u l a t i o n o f m a r i t i m e t r a f f i c

( b )

t h e p r o t e c t i o n o f n a v i g a t i o n a l a i d s a n a f a c i l i t i e s

a n d

o t h e r

f a c i l i t i e s o r i n s t a l l a t i o n s ;

( c )

t h e p r o t e c t i o n

o f

c a b l e s n a

( d )

t h e c o n s e r v a t i o n

o f

t h e l i v i n g oases o f t h e

p e w e n t i o n of

i n f e i n g e i a e n t

s f t h e f i s h e r i e s l a w s ana

r e g u l a t i e n a

o

t h a

c o a s t a l

S t a t e s

( ) t h e

p r o s c r r a t i o n

f t h e i t v i r o n m i i D t o f t h e c o a s t a l S t a t e

n d

p r e v e n t i o n , r e d u c t i o n a n d c o n t r o l

p o l l u t i o n t h e r @ t

s c i e n t i f i c craMieb a n d h y d r o g r a p h i e

$ h } t h e p < i v i i t i o i i of

i n f r i n g e m e n t

o

S h e e u s t o i B a , f i s c a l ,

o r

MBitary

l a w s a n d r e g u l a t i o n s o t h e c o a e t a l S t a t e .

2 .

Such laws and

regulations

shall n o t apply

t o

t h e d e s i g n ,

construction, manni ng o r equipment of

f o r e i g n

ships unless they are giving

e ffe ct to

ge ne r ally

accepted international r u l e s

o r

s t a n d a r d s .

3 . The

coastal

State shall give due publicity t o a l l s u c h l a w s and

regulations


11/186

4 .

Foreign

ships

exercising t h e

right

of

innocent

passage

through t h e

territorial sea

s h a l l

comply with all such l a w s and regulations and all

generally accepted

international

regulations

relating t o t h e

pr e ve nt ion

of

collisions at s e a .

Article

2 2

S e a lanes and t r a f f i c separation schemes

i n

t h e territorial s e a

1 . The

coastal State m a y , where necessary having regard t o

t h e

safety

of navigation, require foreign s h i p s exercising

t h e

right of innocent passage

through i t s territorial sea t o use such sea lanes a n d t r a f f i c

separation

schemes

as

i t m a y designate o r prescribe f o r

t h e

regulation

of

t h e passage of

s h i p s .

2 . I n particular,

t a n k e r s ,

nuclear-powered

s h i p s

and

ships

carrying

nuclear or other in heren tl y dangerous o r noxious substances o r materials

ma y

be required

to

confi ne

t h e i r

passage

to

s u c h

s e a l a n e s .

3 . I n t h e

designation

of

s e a

lanes

a n d

t h e prescription of t r a f f i c

separation schemes under this article, the coastal State shall take into

account

( a ) t h e

recommendations

of t h e

competent

international

organization;

( b ) any channels

customarily

used f o r international navigation;

( c ) t h e special characteristics of particular s h i p s

and channels; and

( d ) t h e

dens i t y

of

t r a f f i c .

4 . The

coastal

State shall

clearly

i n d i c a t e s u c h

s e a

lanes and traffic

separation schemes on charts to which due publicity shall b e given.

Article

2 3

Foreign nuclear-powered ships and

s h i p s

carrying nuclear

o r

other inherently dangerous

o r noxious

substances

Foreign nuclear-powered

s h i p s

and

s h i p s

carrying nuclear o r other

inherently

dangerous

o r noxious

substances

s h a l l ,

when

exercising t h e right

of

innocent passage t h r o u g h t h e territorial

s e a , carry

documents a n d

observe

special precautionary measures established

f o r

s u c h s h i p s by international

agreements.

A r t i c l e _ 2 4 _

D a t i e g _ o f _ t h e

coastal State

1 . T h e

coastal State

shall

not

hamper t h e innocent

passage o f foreign

ship

t h r o u ^ j U s e

territorial sea exce pt i n accordance with

this

Convention.

I n particular,

i n

t h e

application of

t h i s

Convention

o r of any laws o r

regulations adopted i n conformity with this Convention,

t h e

coastal State

shall n o t s

( e

i m p o s e

requirements on foreign s h i p s which have

t h e

practical

effect of

denyi ng

o r impairing t i l e right of innocent passage} or

( b )

discriminate

i n form o e

i n

fact

against

t h e ships of

a ny

State or

against ships carrying cargoes

t o ,

from or

on behalf of any S t a t e .


12/186

2 . T h e c o a s t a l S t a t e s h a l l g i v e a p p r o p r i a t e p u b l i c i t y t o any d a n g e r t o

n a v i g a t i o n ,

o f w h i c h i t

h a s

k n o w l e d g e w i t h i n

i t s t e r r i t o r i a l s e a .

_

R i g h t s

o f p r o t e c t i o n

o f

t h e


1 . T h e


m a y t a k e t h e

n e c e s s a r y

s t e p s

i n

i t s


s e a

t o p r e v e n t p a s s a g e w h i c h

i s

n o t

i n n o c e n t .

2 . I n

t h e

c a s e

o f s h i p s

p r o c e e d i n g

t o i n t e r n a l

w a t e r s o r

a

c a l l a t

a

p o e t

f a c i l i t y

o u t s i d e

i n t e r n a l

w a t e r s , t h e c o a s t a l

S t a t e

a l s o h a s

t h e r i g h t

t o

t a l c e t h e n e c e s s a r y

s t e p s t o

p r e v e n t a n y

b r e a c h o f

t h e c o n d i t i o n s

t o w h i c h

a d m i s s i o n o f t h o s e s h i p s t o i n t e r n a l w a t e r s o r s u c h a c a l l

i s

s u b j e c t .

3 .

T h e c o a s t a l

S t a t e m a y ,

w i t h o u t d i s c r i m i n a t i o n i n f o r m o r i n f a c t

a m o n g f o r e i g n s h i p s ,

s u s p e n d t e m p o r a r i l y i n

s p e c i f i e d a r e a s

o f

i t s


s e a

t h e

i n n o c e n t

p a s s a g e o f f o r e i g n

s h i p s

i f

s u c h

s u s p e n s i o n i s e s s e n t i a l l o t

t h e

p r o t e c t i o n o f

i t s

s e c u r i t y , i n c l u d i n g

w e a p o n s

e x e r c i s e s . S u c h

s u s p e n s i o n

s h a l l t a k e

e f f e c t only

a f t e r

h a v i n g

b e e n

d u l y

p u b l i s h e d .

A r t i e l e J |

1 . M o c h a r g e may

b e l e v i e d

u p o n

f o r e i g n

s h i p s b y r e a s o n only o f t h e i s

p a s s a g e t h r o u g h

t h e


s e a .

2 .

C h a r g e s m a y b e l e v i e d u p o n

a

f o r e i g n s h i p p a s s i n g t h r o u g h

t h e

t e r r i t o r i a l s e a a s p a y m e n t

only

f o r

s p e c i f i c

s e r v i c e s

r e n d e r e d

t o t h e s h i p .

d s a r g e s

s h a l l b e l e v i e d w i t h o u t d i s c r i m i n a t i o n .

SUBSECTION B. SDLES

A P PLICA BLE

TO

MERCHANT S HIP S A H D G0VERHJT

OPERATED FOR

COMMERCIAL

PURPOSES

Criminal jurisdiction on board a foreign ship

1 . The criminal jurisdiction of t h e coastal State should

not

be

exercised o n board a foreign ship passing through t h e territorial

s e a to

arrest

a ny

pe r son

or to

conduct

a ny

investigation i n connection with any

committed on board t h e s hi p duri ng

i t s passager save

only i n

t h e

following

c a s e s s

( a ) i f

t h e

consequences of

t h e

crime extend t o t h e coastal

S t a t e ?

( b ) i f

t h e

crime i s of a kind t o disturb

t h e

peace of t h e

count r y

o r

t h e

good order

of t h e territorial

s e a ?

( c ) i f

t h e

assistance of

t h e local

authorities has been requested

by

the master of t h e ship or by a diplomatic

a ge nt

o r consular offices

of

t h e

f l a g

State?

o r

( d ) i f

such

measures

are

necessary

f o r t h e

suppression

o f illicit

traffic i n narcotic drugs o r psychotropie substances.

V o l . 1 8 3 3 , 1 - 3 1 3 6 3


13/186

2 . The above provisions do not affect t h e right of t h e

coas t al

State to

take a ny steps authorized

by

i t s

laws f o r t h e

purpose of a n arrest o r

investigation on board a foreign ship passing

through

t h e territorial sea

after leaving internal waters.

3 . I n

the

cases provided

f o r

i n paragraphs

1 and 2 , the

coastal State

s h a l l , i f t h e master so requests, not ify

a

diplomatic agent o r consular

officer of t h e flag

State before

taking

a ny

s t e p s , a n d shall

facilitate

contact between such agent

o r

officer

and t h e ship's

c r e w . I n cases of

emergency

this

notification way be communicated while

t h e

measures are being

t a k e n .

4 .

I n

considering whether or i n

what

manner a n arrest should be made?

t h e

local authorities shall

ha ve

due regard to t h e interests o f navigation.

5 .

Except

as

provided i n

Part X I I o r with respect t o

vi olat ions

of law

and regulations adopted i n accordance with Part V ,

t h e

coastal State may

not

take a ny steps

o n

board

a

foreign s hi p passing through

t h e

territorial

t o

a r r e s t a ny pe r son

or to

conduct any investigation i n connect ion with any crime

committed before

the ship

entered

t h e

territorial

s e a ,

i f

t h e

ship e proceeding

from

a foreign port,

i s only

passing through t h e territorial

sea without

entering internal waters.

Article 2 8

Civil

jurisdiction

i n relation t o foreign ships

1 . T h e coastal

State

should not

stop

o r

divert a

foreign

ship passing

through t h e territorial

s e a

f o r

t h e

purpose of exercising civil jurisdiction

i n relation t o a pe r son on board t h e s h i p .

2 .

T h e

coastal

State

may not

levy

execution against

or

arrest

t h e ship

f o r t h e

purpose of any

civil proceedings, save

only i n

respect

of obligations

or liabilities

assumed

or incurred by

t h e

ship itself i n

t h e

course o r f o r the

purpose of

i t s

voyage

t h r o u g h t h e

waters of

t h e coastal S t a t e .

3 . Paragraph

2

i s without prejudice t o t h e right

of t h e

coastal S t a t e ,

i n accordance

wit h

i t s l a w s , t o levy execution against o r t o arrest, f o r

t h e

purpose of any civil proceedings, a foreign ship l y i n g

i n

t h e territorial s e a ,

o r passing

t h r o u g h

t h e territorial s e a after leaving internal waters.

SUBSECTION C . ROLES APPLICABLE TO WARSHIPS AND OTHER GOVERNMENT S H I P S

OPERATED FOR NON-COMMERCIAL

P UR PO SES

Article 2 9

Definition of warships

F o r t h e purposes of t h i s Convention, " w a r s h i p " means a ship belonging to

t h e

armed forces of

a

State bearing t h e external marks distinguishing

such

ships of i t s nationality, u n d e r t h e command of a n officer duly commissioned by

t h e government of t h e State and whose name appears i n

t h e

appropriate service

list o r i t s equivalent,

a n d

manned by

a

crew which i s u n d e r

r e g u l a r

armed

forces d i s c i p l i n e .

V o l .

1 8 3 3 ,

1 - 3 1 3 6 3


14/186

Ar t i cle 30

Non-com pli a nce

by

wa r s hi ps

with the

laws

an d

r e gu la t i o ns of the c oastal State

If a ny w a r s hi p d oe s no t com ply w i t h the laws and r e gu la t i o ns

o f

the

coa s t a l

State

co nce r ni ng

p assag e th roug h the territorial sea an d

di s r e ga r d s

an y req uest for

com pli a nce

th erewith wh ic h i s made to i t , the coa s t a l State

ma y req uire i t to l eav e th e

territorial

sea immediately.

Ar t i cle 3 1

Res pons i b i li t y of t h e

flag S t a t e

f o r

damag e c aused

by

a

wa r s hi p

o r oth er g o v e r n m e n t

s hi p o pe r a t e d

for

no n-comm e r ci a l pu r pos e s

The

flag

S t a t e

sh al l

bear

in tern ation al resp on sibil ity

f o r

a n y

loss or

damag e to the c oastal State resul tin g

from the

n on - c ompl ian c e

by a w a r s h i p or

oth er g o v e r n m e n t sh ip

o pe r a t e d f o r

no n-comm e r ci a l

pu r pos e s

w i t h the l aws a nd

regul ation s of the c oastal

State

c on c ern in g p assag e

through

the territorial

sea or with t h e p rov ision s of this Co nve nt i o n o r oth er rul es of in tern at ion al

l a w .

of

warships and other _gowtniaent

shim

for

With s u c h

e x c e p t i o n s

a s

a r c o n t a i n e d i n s u b s e c t i o n

& a n d

i n a r t i c l e * 3 0

end 3 1

n o t h i n g

i n t h i s

Contention

e t s t h e i m m u n i t i e s f w a r s h i p s a n d

g o v e e n a a n t

s h i p s

o p e r a t e d f o r n o n - o o w r a e e e i a l

SECTXOH

4 .

C0IW G1 00S

1 .

I n a s a n e c o n t i g u o u s t o i t s


s a e

d e s c r i b e e )

a

f e h a

c a n t i f i i o t M s o n * , t h e c o a s t a l S t a t e

may

x e x c i s e t h e c o n t r o l n e c e s s a e y C o *

{ }

p r v a u t i n f e i n g e i s e i i t o

i t s

e u s t o n s ?

f i s c a l , i m t d g r t t t i o n

o r

s a n i t a r y las and e g u l @ t i o n s

w i t b i n

i t s t e r r i t o r y o c

t a s s r i t o c i a l

( b )

p u n i o h i n f e i n g e m i t t o f

f e h e

a b o v e l a w s a n d

emul ation s

c o i w i t t d

w i t h i n i t s t e r r i t o r y o e

t e r r i t o r i a l s e a

2 . t l t e c o n t i g u o u s

a o s s e

may n o t e x t e n d b s y o n ^ 3 4 n a u t i c a l m i l a f r o t h *

l i n s f e o a w h i c h t h e b s a a d t a oC t h t e r r i t o r i a l s e a

i s

Vol. 1833,

1-31363


15/186

TOE

1

Article 34

1 .

S f a a r gime passage

t f a e o u g f a

steaitg used

f o c

international

established

i n this

Past stall not i n

other

respecta afet

t h e

statue

the r a t e r s forming such straits o r t h o exercise by t h e States

straits

of t h e i r

sove r e i gnt y

0e

jurisdiction

over such

waters

a i r s p a c e ,

bed

and subsoil.

2 .

Ihe sove r e i gnt y e jurisdiction

of

the States bordering

t h e

strait*

subject

to this Pact ana to other rules of international l a w .

Article_35

i n t t i s

Part

affectes

( a ) any areas of internal waters within a

s t r a i t ,

exce pt h e r e

t h e

establishment

of

a straight baseline i n accordance

with t h e

met hod

set forth i n article 7 has t h e effect of enclosing as internal

waters areas which had not prev iously been considered

as

s u c h

( b ) the legal status of

t h e

water s

beyond

t h e

territorial seas of

States

bordering

straits as exclusive economic zones or

high s e a s ; o r

( c )

t h e legal r gime

i n

straits

i n

which passage

i s

regulated i n

whol*

o s

i n

pa r t

by lon^-sianding international conventions i n force

specifically relating to such s t r a i t s .

Article_36.

High n seas

routes or

routes through exclusive

.conomie

zones

through straits

used

for, international, navigation

This

Part

does

not

apply

to

a

strait

used

for

international

navigation

if

there

exists through the strait

a

route through the high

seas or

through

an

uselusive economic sone of similar

convenience

with respect

to

navigational

and hydcograitiical characteristics

in such

routes,

the other

relevant Parts

this Convention, including

the

provisions regarding

the

freedoms of

navigation

and overflight?

apply.

Vol. 1833, 1-31363


16/186

SECTIOM 2 . TRANSIT PASSAGE

Artiele_37

S ge_of_thi.s_

i

seotlon

This

section applies

t o straits

which

are used f o r

international

navigation between one part of

t h e

high s e a s

or

a n exclusive economic

zone

another

pa r t

of

t h e hi gh

seas

o r an exclusive economic z o n e .

Articlg_38

1 . I n straits referred t o

i n

article

3 7 ,

all

s h i p s

and aircraft

- U s * eight

of

transit passage,

which

shall not be i m p e d e d ;

exce pt

t h a t , i f the

i s

fooned by a n island of

a

State bordering t h e strait and i t s

mainland, transit passage shall not apply

i f

t h e r e exists . s e a w a r d of

t h e

island

a

route through

t h e

hi gh seas

o r

t h r o u g h

a n

exclusive economic zone

of

similar convenience with respect t o navigational and

hydrogr a phi e al

6 t > r e t r i s t i c s .

2 .

Transit passa ge means

t h e

exercise

i n

accordance with

this

P a r t o f

tha

freedom

of

na vi ga t ion

and

overflight solely

f o r t h e

pur pos e of cont i nuous

ana expeditious

transit

of

t h e

strait between one pact of

t h e

hi gh

seas

ot

economic son and another part of the high

seas or an

e s e e l u s l v s

s o n . However, t h e r e q u i r e n i e n t

of continuous and expeditious

not pr eclude pa s s a ge

t h e

strait

f o r the

purpose

ot entering*

i s w i n g ot returning

from

a

State bordering

t h e s t r a i t ,

subject to the

condition

of entry to that S t a t e .

3 .

a n y

acti vi t y which

i s

not an exercise

of

t h e

right of transit

passage

through a strait remains subject to

t h e

othc applicable

provi s ions

of

this Convention.

Artlcle_39

P u t i e _ 8 _ g f _ B h i g s

i i

and aircraft during transit pa s s a ge

1 . Ships and aircraft,

while exercising

t e e right of transit

passage, s h a l l ;

( a ) proceed

wit hout dela y

through

or

over t h e

s t r a i t }

( b ) refrain fron any threat or use of force against

t h e

sovereignty,

territorial integrity or polit ical independence of states bordering

t h e s t r a i t , or i n

a ny

other

manne r

i n

vi olat ion of

t h e

pr i nci ple s

of intern ational law embodied

i n t h e

Cha r t e r

of t h e

United National

refrain from any activities other than those incident t o their

normal modes of continuous and expeditious transit unless rendered

necessary by f _ r g m a . j g u . r e or by distress;

comply wit h ot he r r ele vant provi s ions of

this

P a r t .

2 . Ships i n transit

pa s s a ge

( a )

comply

with generally accepted international regulations,

procedures and practices

f o r

safety at

s e a ,

including

t h e

International Regulations

f o r

P r e ve nt i ng Collis ions

at S e a t


17/186

( b ) c o m p l y w i t h g e n e r a l l y a c c e p t e d i n t e r n a t i o n a l

r e g u l a t i o n s ,

p r o c e d u r e s a n d p r a c t i c e s f o r t h e

p r e v e n t i o n ,

r e d u c t i o n a n d c o n t r o l

o f

p o l l u t i o n f r o m s h i p s .

3 .

A i r c r a f t

i n

t r a n s i t p a s s a g e

s h a l l

( a ) o b s e r v e t h e R u l e s t h e e s t a b l i s h e d b y t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l C i v i l

t o i a t i o n

O r g a n i s a t i o n a s

t h e y

a p p l y t o c i v i l a i r c r a f t s t a t e

a i r c r a f t w i l l n o r m a l l y c o m p l y w i t h s u c h s a f e t y m e a s u r e s a n d

will

a t

a l l t i m e s

o p e r a t e w i t h d u e

r e g a r d

f o r t h e

s a f e t y

o f

n a v i g a t i o n

| b )

, a t

a l l

t i m e s

n w n i t o r

t h e r a d i o f r e q u e n c y

a s s i g n e d

b y t h e

competent

i n t e r n a t i o n a l l y d e s i g n a t e d a i r t r a f f i c c o n t r o l a u t h o r i t y o r t h e

a p p r o p r i a t e


d i s t r e s s r a d i o

f r e q u e n c y .

B e a e a g c h a n d

s u r v e y

a c t i y i t i g a

D u r i n g

t r a n s i t p a s s a g e ,

f o r e i g n s h i p s ? i n c l u d i n g M z i n e

r s a t c f e a n a h y a e o g r a p h i o s u r v e y s h i p s ay n o t c a r r y o u t a n y r e s e a r c h o r

s u r v e y a c t i v i t i e s

w i t h o u t

t h e

p r i o r

a u t h o r i s a t i o n o f

t f e e

S t a t e b o e t e e i i t g

s t r a i t s .

1 .

i n c o n f o r m i t y w i t h t h i s P a r t , S t a t e s b o r d e r i n g s t r a i t s may d e s i g n a t e

s e a

l a n e s a n a p r e s c r i t e

t r a f f i c

s p a r a t i o n a d t e m s s

f o e

n a v i g a t i o n

i n

s t r a i t s

w h e r e n e c e s s a r y p r a s w t e t h e

s a f e

p a s s a f

s h i p s .

S u c b a y ,

when

c i r c u m s t a n c e s a n d a f t e r g i v i n g du

publicity

t h e r e t o , s u b s t i t u t e

o t h e r

s e a

l a n e s

o c t r a f f i c s p a r a t i o i i s c f e a i a e s

f o e

a n y

s e a

l a a e e o e t e a l c s e p a r a t i o n a t s h c i o e a p r e v i o u s l y d e s i g n a t e d o r

p r e s c r i b e d t h a n .

3 .

S u c h a r i d

t r a f f i c

s e p a r a t i o n s c h e m a

s h a l l

c o n f o r m t o

g e n e r a l l y a c c e p t e d


r e g u l a t i o n s .

4 d e s i g n a t i n g o r s u b s t i t u t i n g s e a

l a n e s

o r p r e s c r i b i n g o r

s u b s t i t u t i n g

t r a f f i c

s e p a r a t i o n

s c h e m e s .

S t a t e s b o r d a r i n g s t r a i t s s h a l l

r e f e r

p r o p o s a l s t o

t h e

i n t e r n a t i o n a l o r g a n i s a t i o n w i t h

a

yiew t o f c h s i t

a d o p t i o n . o e g a r a i g a t t o a n a y

a d o p t only

s u e h s e a l a n s l t d t r a f f i c

s e p a r a t i o n a s

s t a y

b e a g r e e d w i t h t h e S t a t e s b o r d e r i n g t h e s t r a i t s ?

a f t @ E w t t i c b

t l i e

S k a t e s s e I g n a t s p r e s c r i t e o r s u b s t i t u t e

t h e m .

5 . l a o f

a

s t r a i t

w h e r e s a a l a n e a o r

t c a f f i c

s e p a r a t i o n s c h e m e s

t h r o u g h t h e

w a t e r s t w o o r n e e S t a t e s b o e d e r i n g t h e s t r a i t a r e b e i a g

p r o p o s e d ,

i i < e S t a t e s c o a c e r n e d

s h a l l

c o - o p e r a t e

i n

f o r n u l a t i n g p r o p o s a l s

i n

c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h t h e

c o u p e - t e n t i n t e r n a t i o n a l o r g a n i s a t i o n .

6 .

b o r d e r i n g s t r a i t s s h a l l

c l e a r l y

i n d i c a t e a l l s e a l a i t e s a n d

t r a f f i c s e p a r a t i o n d e s i g n a t e d o c { t r e s e t c l b f t a b y

t h @ n t on

c h a r t s t o w h i e h

d u e

p u b l i c i t y

s h a l l

b e

g i ^ e a .

7 . S t i i p s

i n

t c a n e i t p a s s a g e

e b a l l

i e s p e t a p p l i c a b l e

s e a l a n e s

a n d

t r a f f i c s e p a r a t i o n e s t a b l i s h e d

i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h i s a r t i e l e ,


18/186

j r e l a t i n g t o

t r a n s i t

1 .

S u b j e c t t o t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h i s s e c t i o n , S t a t e s b o r d e r i n g s t r a i t s

may a d o p t l a s s a n d r e g u l a t i o n s r e l a t i n g t o t r a n s i t p a s s a g e t h r o u g h s t r a i t s , i n

r e s p e c t o f a l l o r a n y o f t h e f o l l o w i n g

( a ) t h a safety of navigation and t h e regulation of

maritime

t r a f f i c , as

provided i n article 4 1 |

( b ) t h e prevention, reduction and

cont rol

of pollution, by giving

effect

to

applicable international regulations regarding

t h e

discharge of

o i l ,

oily wastes and

other noxious substances

i n the s t r a i t }

( c ) with

respect to

fishing vessels, the

pr e ve nt ion

of f i s h i n g ,

including t h e

stowage of

fishing g e a r ;

( d )

t h e

loading or unloading of any commodity,

currency

o r

pe r son

i n

cont r a ve nt ion

of t h e customs, f i s c a l , immigration or sanitary laws

and

regulations of

States bordering

s t r a i t s .

2 . Such laws and regulations shall

not

discriminate i n form or i n fact

among

foreign

ships o r i n

t h e i r application have

t h e

practical effect of

denying, hampering o r impairing t h e right of transit passage

as

defined i n

this s e c t i o n .

3 . States bordering straits shall

gi ve

due publicity to all such laws

a nd

regulations.

4 .

Foreign

ships

exercising

the

right of transit passage

shall

comply

with such

laws

and

regulations.

5 . " R i e flag State of a s hi p

or t h e

State of registry of

an

aircraft

entitled to sovereign immunity which acts i n a manne r cont r a r y

to

such

laws

and

regulations

or other

provi s ions

of this

Part shall

bear

international

r e s pons ibilit y

f o r

a ny

loss or

damage which

results to States bordering

s t r a i t s .

Article 4 3

Navigational

and

safety aids

and

ot he r

improvements and t h e

prevention,

reduction and control of pollution

U s e r States

a nd

States bordering

a

strait should by agreement co-operates

( a ) i n the establishment and

maintenance i n a

strait of necessary

navigational

and

safe t y

aids o r other improvements i n aid of

international navigation; and

( b )

f o r t h e prevention,

reduction and control

o f

pollution

from s h i p s .

Article 4 4

Duties

of states bordering

straits

States bordering straits shall

not hamper transit

passage and shall give

a ppropr i a t e publicity to any danger to na vi ga t ion

o r

overflight wit hi n or ove r

t h e

strait

of

which t he y ha ve

knowledge.

There shall

be

no suspension

of

transit

passage.

V o l . 1 8 3 3 , 1 - 3 1 3 6 3


19/186

414 United Nations

Treaty Series Nations Unies

Recueil des

Traits

1994

S CTION 3 .

IN NOCE NT P A S S A GE

4 5

I n n o c e n t p a s s a g e

1

T h e

r g i m e

o f

i n n o c e n t p a s s a g e , i n a c c o r d a n c e

with

P a r t

s e c t i o n 3 ,

s h a l l

a p p l y i n s t r a i t s u s e d

f o r

i n t e r n a t i o n a l n a v i g a t i o n :

( a )

e x c l u d e d

f r o m t h e

a p p l i c a t i o n of t h e

r g i m e

of

t r a n s i t

p a s s a g e

u n d e r article 3 3 ,

pa r a gr a ph

I s o r

( b )

b e t w e e n a p a r t

of

t h e h i g h s e a s o r a n e x c l u s i v e e c o n o m i c g o n e a

t h e


s e a

o f

a

f o r e i g n

S t a t e .

2 .

T h e r e s h a l l

b e no s u s p e n s i o n of i n n o c e n t p a s s a g e t h r o u g h s u c h

s t r a i t s .

P A R T I V

AKCHIPELA GIC STATES

A r t i c l e 4 6

U s e of

t e r m s

F o r t h e p u r p o s e s of t h i s C o n v e n t i o n s

( a ) " a r e h i p e l a g i e S t a t e * m e a n s

a

S t a t e c o n s t i t u t e d w h o l l y

b y one o r

m o r e a r c h i p e l a g o s a n d

may

i n c l u d e

o t h e r

i s l a n d s ;

( b ) " a r c h i p e l a g o " m e a n s a group of i s l a n d s , i n c l u d i n g p a r t s

of

i s l a n d s ,

i n t e r c o n n e c t i n g waters

a n d

o t h e r n a t u r a l f e a t u r e s w h i c h a r e s o

c l o s e l y

i n t e r r e l a t e d

t h a t s u c h

i s l a n d s ,

w a t e r s a n d o t h e r n a t u r a l

f e a t u r e s form a n i n t r i n s i c g e o g r a p h i c a l , e c o n o m i c a n d p o l i t i c a l

e n t i t y , o r w h i c h h i s t o r i c a l l y h a v e b e e n r e g a r d e d a s

s u c h .

A r t i c l e

4 7

a r e h i p e l a g i c

b a s e l i n e s

1 .

An

a r c h i p e l a g i c S t a t e may d r a w s t r a i g h t a r c h i p e l a g i c b a s e l i n e s

j o i n i n g t h e o u t e r m o s t p o i n t s o f t h e o u t e r m o s t

i s l a n d s

a n d d r y i n g r e e f s

of

t h e

a r c h i p e l a g o p r o v i d e d

t h a t

within

s u c h b a s e l i n e s a r e i n c l u d e d

t h e

main

i s l a n d s

a n d an

a r e a i n

w h i c h t h e

r a t i o of t h e a r e a

o f

t h e

w a t e r

t o t h e a r e a

o f t h e

l a n d ,

i n c l u d i n g

a t o l l s ,

i s b e t w e e n 1

t o 1

a n d

9 t o 1 .

T h e l e n g t h of

s u c h

b a s e l i n e s s h a l l n o t e x c e e d

1 0 0

n a u t i c a l m i l e s ,

e x c e p t

t h a t

u p t o

3

p e r cent of t h e t o t a l n u m b e r o f b a s e l i n e s e n c l o s i n g a n y

a r c h i p e l a g o may e x c e e d t h a t l e n g t h ,

up

t o a maximum

l e n g t h

of

1 2 5 n a u t i c a l

m i l e s .


20/186

3 . The

drawin g

o f

suc h b a s e li ne s

sh al l

no t d e pa r t t o a ny a ppr e ci a b le

e x t e n t

f r om

the ge ne r a l

co nfi gu r a t i o n

of the arc h ip el ag o.

4 .

S u ch b a s e li ne s

sh al l n ot be

dr a w n

to an d from

low -t i d e

el ev ation s,

u nle s s li ght hou s e s

or simil ar in sta l l ation s

w h i c h

are

pe r m a ne nt ly a b o ve

sea

l ev el h a v e been

bu i lt o n

th em or w he r e a

low -t i d e e le va t i o n

is

s i t u a t e d w h o l l y

or p a r t l y a t

a

di s t a nce no t e xce e d i ng the b r e a d t h o f

th e

t e r r i t or i a l s e a fr om

the

ne a r e s t

island.

The s ys t e m of such b a s e li ne s sh al l n o t be ap p l ied by an a r c h i p e l a g i c

S t a t e in such a

m a n n e r

as to

c ut off

from the h i g h seas or the e xclu s i ve

e co nom i c zon e th e t e r r i t or i a l sea of

an oth er State.

6 . I f a

p a r t o f

the

a r chi pe la gi c w a t e r s of an a r chi pe la gi c S t a t e li e s

b e t w e e n two p a r t s

of a n

immediatel y

a dja ce nt ne i ghb ou r i ng

State,

e xi s t i ng

r i ght s a nd al l

oth er

le gi t i m a t e

in terests

w h i c h th e l atter S t a t e h as

t r a d i t i o na lly e xe r ci s e d in such wa t e r s a nd

al l rig h ts

s t i pu la t e d b y a gr e e m e nt

b e t w e e n

th ose

S t a t e s

sh al l

co nt i nu e

an d be resp ec ted.

7 . For

the pu r pos e of com pu t i ng the r a t i o of

water to land under

p a r a g r a p h 1 ,

l an d areas m a y in c l ude

wa t e r s

l y in g

wi t hi n the

frin g in g reefs

o f

isl an ds an d

atolls,

in c l udin g th at pa r t of a s t e e p-s i d e d oce a ni c pla t e a u w hi ch

i s e nclos e d or ne a r ly e nclos e d by a cha i n of li m e s t o ne isl an ds an d dr yi ng

r e e f s ly i ng

o n the pe r i m e t e r of the plateau.

8 .

The b a s e li ne s d r a w n in a ccor d a nce w i t h this a r t i cle sh al l be s how n

o n

cha r t s of

sc al e or sc al es

a d e qu a t e

for

a s ce r t a i ni ng

th eir p osition .

Al tern ativ el y ,

l ists of g e o g r a p h i c a l c o - o r d i n a t e s o f p oin ts, s pe ci f yi ng the

g e o d e t i c datum, ma y be

substituted.

9 .

The a r chi pe la gi c S t a t e

sh al l

gi ve du e pu b li ci t y

to such

c h a r t s

or

li s t s of ge o gr a phi ca l co -o r d i na t e s

an d sh al l

d e p o s i t a c o p y of e a ch

suc h

cha r t

or l ist w i t h th e

S e cr e t a r y -Ge ne r a l

of the

U ni t e d

N ation s.

A r t i c l e 4 8

Mea s u r e m e nt of the b r e a d t h of th e t e r r i t or i a l sea, the

co nt i gu ou s zone, the e xclu s i ve e co nom i c zone and the

co nt i ne nt a l sh el f

T t i e b r e a d t h of

the

t e r r i t or i a l

sea,

the co nt i gu ou s

zone,

the

e xclu s i ve

e co nom i c zon e a nd the co nt i ne nt a l shelf s ha ll b e m e a s u r e d fr om a r chi pe la gi c

b a s e li ne s d r a w n

in

a ccor d a nce w i t h a r t i cle 47.

Ar t i cle

4 9

Legal status

o f a r chi pe la gi c waters, of th e air

sp ac e

o v a r ;

a r chi pe la gi c w a t e r s

an d of th eir

b e d a nd s u b s oi l

1 . The s o ve r e i gnt y of a n a r chi pe la gi c S t a t e e xt e nd s t o the w a t e r s

e nclos e d by the a r chi pe la gi c b a s e li ne s d r a w n

i n

a ccor d a nce w i t h

artic l e 4 7 ,

de s cr i b e d as

a r chi pe la gi c

waters, reg ardl ess

of

their d e p t h or

di s t a nce fr om

the coast.

2 . Thi s s o ve r e i gnt y

ex ten ds

to

the

air sp ac e ov er

the

a r chi pe la gi c

waters,

a s

well

a s t o th eir b e d a nd subsoil, a nd th e r e s ou r ce s co nt a i ne d

th erein .

V o l .

1 8 3 3 , 1 - 3 1 3 6 3


21/186

Article 5 0

Delimitation of

internal

waters

a r t icle 5 1

Existing

agreements,

traditional

fishing rights

a nd

existing

submarine

cables

oS

Article 5 2

Right of innocent passage

1 . Subject to

a r t icle

5 3 and

without

prejudice to article S O ,

s hi ps

o f

all S t a t e s e njoy

the

r i ght of i nnoce nt pa s s a ge

through

acchipelagic

waters, i n

accorda nce

with

Part

I I ,

s ection 3 .

2 .

The archipelag ic State

may,

without discrimination

i n

form or i n

fact

among foreign ships, suspend temporarily

i n

specified areas

of

its

a rchi pela gic wate r s

the

i nnoce nt.pa s s a ge

of

for e i gn s hi ps

i f such

sus pe ns ion

is essential

' f o r

t h e

protection o f

its security. Such

suspension shall

take

effect o n l y after having been duly

published.

Article 5 3

Right

of

a rchi pelaqic s e a

la ne s pa s s a ge

V o l .

1 8 3 3 , 1 - 3 1 3 6 3


22/186

2 . All ships and aircraft

right of

lanes

pa s a e ge

i n such l a r a e o

and

air s o u t e s .

3 . Aechi pela gi e

sea lanes

passage means

t h e

exercise

i n

accorda nce

with

this

of

the s i ght s

of

na vi ga t ion ove rfli ght

i n

t h e

mode

purpose

of

continuous^ expeditious and

transit

b*twn one past o f the high

or

an exclusive econenie another

part of seas or an exclusive eeonaic z o n e .

4 . Such sea lanes

and

a i r shall traverse t h e a r c f e i p s l a g i c waters

and

t h e

adjacent territorial and shall include ail normal soutes

aa@d

as

f o r

international navigation

or

ove rfli ght

o e

arcAipslaglc waters rout s B

so f a r as

ships are

all manual navigational

channels,

provided that duplication of routes of

similar convenience between the same entry ana exit points shall

not

be

necessary.

5 .

Such lanes and

a l e

routes shall be defined by

a

series

of

n t i n u o u s

axis lines

fro t h e

e nt r y poi nt a

of

pa s s a ge

routes

to

t h e

exit

points. Ships and

ai rcraft

i n

a r e hi pela gi s

sea lanes shall

not

de vi a t e

n s o r e

than 2 5 nautical

Miles

to

either side of such axis U n a s e t a t i n g

passage,

provided t ha t

ships

a nd a i rcraft

s h a l l ,

not closer to

coasts 1 0 per cent of

t h e

distance between

t h e

ne a r e s t poi nt s

islands bordering t h e sea l a n e .

6 .

t a arehipslagie State which designates sea lanes

u n d e r

this article

ay also prescribe traffic separation schemes f o r t h e

safe

pa s s a ge o f ships

through

na r row cha nnels i n

sueh

l a n e s .

archipelagic State nay, when eiccwwstances require after gi vi ng

dae publicity thereto, substitute other lanes

o r

traffic separation

ch ne s

f o r

a ny la ne s o r traffic separation designated

p e e s c r i b f e d

by

i t .

8 . Such sea lanes and traffic separation scheme* shall conform to

accepted international

regulations.

9 .

I n designating

or

substituting sea

lanes o r

pr e scribi ng

or

substituting traffic separation

schemes an

a f f d h i p a l a g i c Stats shall

r e f e r

proposals

to t h e

ooapatent international organisation with a view

to t h e i r

adoption

S he or ga ni s a t ion a y adopt o n l y

such lanes

ana

separation scheme as

nay be

agreed

with the

a rchi pela gic

State,

aft e r which

t h e

asehipelagie

State

n a y

designates prescribe o r

substitute

t h e .

aschipelagic State shall clearly indicate

t h e

axis of

t h e

sea

lanes

t h e

separation schemes designated prescribed by

i t on

cha r t s

to

which due publicity

shall be g i v e n .

1 1 . _ ' S h i p s i n a rchi pela gic lanes passage respect applicable

sea

lanes and traffic separation schemes established i n accordance with

this

article.

1 2 .

I f an

a rchi pela gic S t a t e does

not designate lanes o r

a i r

right o f a r e hi pela glc aea tans a y be

exercis ed

t h e

routes

f o r

international n av igation.

V o l . 1 8 3 3 , 1 - 3 1 3 6 3


23/186

Duties

of

ships

and

a i ^ t c r a f t _ g u t i n g . . t h . e i r _ B g g g a g e j _ t g g e a r c h _

and survey activities, duties

t h e

archlpelaqlc State

a na

laws and

r e gulat ion^

^f^the^atohipeiagig^Stata relating to

archipelagic sea lanes

Articles

42

and apply arehipalagie s@a

EXCLUSIVE

ECONOMIC

ZONE

Agti glg_5S

Specific legal

r e g j l m e ^ o f ^ t h e

^ xclu a i y e e c o n o m i c ^

i 3 g a g -

She s t e l u s i v e

economic z one

is

a n

area beyond and

adjace nt

to t h e

territorial

s e a ,

subject to

the

specific l e g a l ' r gime established i n this

P a

f t p

under

which

the r i ght s

a nd

jurisdiction of the

coas t al S t a t e a na

t h e

rights and freedoms of other States are governed by the relevant provisions of

this Convention.

R i g h t s , , jurisdiction and i f e t i . e a of t h e

coastal State

i n t h e

exclusive economic zone

( a )

sovereign rights

f o r

the pur pos e

of

exploring and exploiting;

cons e r vi ng

and managing

t h e

natural

resources, whether living O E

non-living,

of

the

water s

super

jacent to

the

sea-bed and

of t h e

sea-bed

a nd

i t s subsoil, and with

regard

to other

activities

f o r t h e

economic exploitation and exploration

of

t h e z o n e ,

such as

the

production of energy from

t h e

water, currents

a nd

winds;

( i )

t h e

establishment and us@ artificial i s l a n d s , installations

and structures;

( i i )

marine scientific research}

( i i i ) t h e

prot ection

a na pr e s e r va t ion

of

t h e

mari ne

environment;

( c )

o t h e r

rights and duties provided

f o r

i n

this Convention.

I n exercising

i t s

rights and performing

i t s

duties

undr this

Convention i n the exclusive economic z o n e , the coastal State

shall

have due

re ga rd

to t h e rights

a na dutie s

of other States and shall act i n a na nne e

compa t ible wit h

the

provi s ions

of this Convention.

3 . The righ ts

set out this article

wit h

respect to the

s e a -b@a a nd

subsoil shall be

exercis ed

i i * accordance with Part V I .


24/186

S i e x c l u s i v e c o n o m i e s o n e

s h a l l

n o t e x t e n d b e y o n d 2 0 0 n a u t i c a l m i l e s

f r o t h e b a s e l i n e s f r o m w h i c h t h e s r e a t h of t h e t e r r i t o r i a l

s e a i s

m e a s u r e d .

1 . t h e e x c l u s i f

e o n o i i i e

BOM a l l S t a t e s , A e t h e r c o a s t a l o r

l a n d - l o c k e d , e n j o y , s u b j e c t t o t h e r e l e v a n t p r o v i s i o n s

of

t h i s C o n v e n t i o n , t h e

f r e e d o m s r e f e r r e d to

i n

a r t i c l e

7 of

n a v i g a t i o n a n a

o v e r f l i g h t a n d

o f - t h e

l a y i n g

of s u b m a r i n e

c a b l e s a n d p i p e l i n e s ?

a n d t h e

i n t e r n a t i o n a l l y

l a w f u l

u e e s

of

t h e

s e a

r e l a t e d

t o

t h e s e C r e a d o i M , s u c h a s t h o s e a s s o c i a t e d

with t h e

o p e r a t i o n of s h i p s , a i r c r a f t a n d

s u b i i a i i n c a b l e s a n d

p i p e l i n e s , a n d

e c a p a t i b l e

w i t h t h e

o t h e r p r o v i s i o n s of

t h i s C o n v e n t i o n .

2 .

A r t i c l e s

8 8 to

Hi

and o t h e r p e r t i n e n t r u l e s of i n t e r n a t i o n a l law

a p p l y t o t h e e x c l u s i v e c o n o m i e z o n e i n

s o

f a r u s t h e y

a r e

n o t i n c o t a p a t i b l e

w i t h t h i s P a r t .

3 . I n e x e r c i s i n g t h e i r s i g h t s a n d

p e r f o r m i n g

t h e i r d u t i e s u n d e r t h i s

C o n v e n t i o n i n t h e

e x c l u *

i v e e c o n o m i c zo n e ,,

S t a t e s s h a l l have

d u e r e g a r d t o t h e

r i g h t s a n d d u t i e s of t h e c o a s t a l S t a t e and s h a l l c o m p l y

with

t h e l a w a a n d

r e g u l a t i o n s a d o p t e d

b y

t h e c o a s t a l S t a t e i n a c c o r d a n c e

with

t h e p r o v i s i o n s of

t h i s C o n v e n t i o n a n d o t h e r r u l e s o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l l a w i n f a r a s t h e y a r e n o t

i n c o m p a t i b l e with

t h i s P a r t .

B a s i s

f o r

t h e

r e s o l u t i o n

_ g f _

c o n f l i c t s r e g a r d i n g

_ t h e

a t t r i b u t i o n o

I n c a a s s w h e r e t h i s C o n v e n t i o n

n o t

a t t r i b u t e r i g h t s

o r

j u r i s d i c t i o n

t o t h e c o a s t a l S t a t e o r t a o t t t w S t a t e s w i t h i n t h e x c l u s i v e e c o n o m i c z o n e ,

a n d a c o n f l i c t a r i s e s b e t w e e n t l s e i n t e r e s t s o f t h e c o a s t a l S t a t e a n d any

o t h e r

S t a t e

o r S t a t e s , t h e c o n f l i c t s h o u l d

b r e s o l v e d o n t h e

b a s i s of

equity

a n d i n

t h e l i g h t of a l l t h e r e l e v a n t c i c c u m e t a n e e a , t a k i n g i n t o a c c o u n t t h e

r e s p e c t i v e i m p o r t a n c e

of t h e

i n t e r e s t s

i n v o l v e d t o t h e p a r t i e s

a s well a s

t o

t i l *


e c M a u n i t y w h o l s ,

1 . I n t h e a x . e l u s i v a e c o n o H i c

s o n e c

t h e c o a s t a l S t a t e s h a l l have t h e

e x c l u s i v e r i g h t t o c o n s t r u c t a n d t o a u t t e r i s s a n d r e g u l a t e t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n ,

o p e r a t i o n a n d

u s

o f

( a ) a r t i f i c i a l i i l a n d s f

( b )

i n s t a l l a t i o n s a n d s t r u c t u s e e

f o r t h e

p u r p o s e s p r o v i d e d

f o r i n

a r t i c l e

S S

a n d

o t h e r

f i e o n c a s i e

( c )

i n s t a l l a t i o n s a n d a t o s j c t u t e a w h i c h a y i n t e r f a c e w i t h t h e

of

t h e

r i g h t s

of

t h e

c o a s t a l

S t a t e

i n t h e s o n .

Vol. 1833, 1-31363


25/186

2 .

S f e e c o a s t a l S t a t e s h a l l h a v e e l u s i v e j u r i s d i c t i o n o v e r s u c h

a r t i f i c i a l i s l a n d s , i n s t a l l a t i o n s a n d s t r u c t u r e s i n c l u d i n g j u r i s d i c t i o n w i t h

c u s t o m s , f i s c a l h e a l t h

s a f e t y

' l a w s

a n a

r e g u l a t i o n s .

3 .

D u e n o t i c e

must

b e

g i v e n o f

t h e

c o n s t r u c t i o n o f

s u c h

a r t i f i c i a l

i s l a n d s , i n s t a l l a t i o n s o r

s t r u c t u r e s , a n d

p e r m a n e n t a n s

f o r g i v i n g

w a r n i n g

of

t h e i r p r e s e n c e m u s t b e m a i n t a i n e d .

A n y i n s t a l l a t i o n s

o r

s t r u c t u r e s w h i c h

a e a a b t t a d o z & e d o c d i s u s e d s h a l l

be r e m o v e d to

e n s u r e

s a f e t y

of

n a v i g a t i o n ,

t a k i n g i n t o a c o o u r a t a n y g e n e r a l l y a c c e p t e d


s t a n d a r d s e s t a b l i s h e d

I K t h i s r e g a r d b y t h e c o m p e t e n t i n t e r n a t i o n a l o r g a n i s a t i o n . S u e h r e m o v a l

s h a l l

also f e a v a ' d u e

r e g a r n i t o f i s h i n g , t h e p r o t e c t i o n

of

t h m a r i n e

f f i v i i r e s i B i e n t a n d t h e e i g h t s a n d d u t i e s

o t h e r S t a t e s ,

a p p r o p r i a t e publicity

s h a l l be

g i v e n t o t h e d e p t h , p o s i t i o n a n d

d i m e n s i o n s of

a n y

i n s t a l l a t i o n s

law of the sea volume 1833 a 31363 english

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