law on extradition of citizens - the library of congress · law on extradition of citizens in...
TRANSCRIPT
The Law Library of Congress, Global Legal Research Center (202) 707-6462 (phone) • (866) 550-0442 (fax) • [email protected] • http://www.law.gov
Law on Extradition of Citizens
A chart with information on extradition laws relating to citizens in 157 jurisdictions.
July 2013
Law on Extradition of Citizens in Selected Countries
Staff of the Global Legal Research Center SUMMARY This chart covers extradition rules for citizens in 157 jurisdictions. Note that many countries will not extradite anyone for political
crimes or will not extradite an individual to a country that imposes capital punishment. Those two restrictions were not considered in the making of this chart, as they generally apply to requests to extradite both citizens and foreigners.
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
Afghanistan Only allowed if provided for in a treaty.
Constitution of Afghanistan, art. 28, OFFICIAL GAZETTE No. 818 (Jan. 28, 2004), available at http://www.asianlii .org/af/legis/const/2004/1.html.
Algeria X Criminal Procedure Code, of 1966, art. 696, http://www.joradp.dz/TRV /FPPenal.pdf (in French).
Angola X Constitution, art. 70(1), http://www .governo.gov.ao/Constituicao.aspx (in Portuguese).
Argentina Extradition of nationals is allowed but the suspect has the right to choose to be tried by Argentine courts; if that option is chosen, extradition is denied.
International Cooperation in Criminal Matters and Extradition Law No. 24767, Dec. 18, 1996, art. 12, http:// www.infoleg.gob.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/40000-44999/41442/norma.htm (in Spanish).
The Law Library of Congress 1
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
Armenia X Law on the Citizenship of the Republic of Armenia, Nov., 6, 1999, art. 5, http://parliament.am/legislation.php?sel=show&ID=1731&lang=eng.
Australia X Extradition Act 1988 (Cth) ss 6 & 7, http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2013C00234.
Austria Only within the framework of the European Arrest Warrant for otherwise qualifying offenses committed in the requesting Member State of the European Union, but only if Austria would exercise criminal jurisdiction over equivalent offense.
Council Framework Decision of 13 June 2002 on the European Arrest Warrant and the Surrender Procedures Between Member States (hereinafter EAW Decision), No. 2002/584/JHA:, 2002 O.J. (L 190) 1, http://eur-lex .europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32002F0584:EN:NOT; Auslieferungs-und Rechtshilfegesetz (Extradition and Mutual Assistance Act) Dec. 4, 1979, BUNDESGESETZBLATT 1979/529, as amended, § 12 (Constitutional provision), http://www.ris.bka.gv.at /GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10002441 (click on link for 529/1979), in conjunction with Bundesgesetz über die Justizielle Zusammenarbeit mit den Mitgliedstaaten der EU (Federal Act on Judicial Cooperation with the Member
The Law Library of Congress 2
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
States of the European Union), BUNDESGESETZBLATT I 2004/36, as amended, § 5 (Constitutional provision), http://www.ris.bka.gv.at /GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20003339 (click on link for 26/2004).
Azerbaijan X Constitution of Azerbaijan, Nov. 12, 1995, art 53.2, http://en.president.az /azerbaijan/constitution/.
Bahrain X Law 46-2002 of Criminal Procedures, art. 415(a),http://www.mohamoon-montada.com/Default.aspx?action=ArabicLaw&ID=156 (in Arabic).
Barbados X Barbados, Extradition Act, L.R.O. 1985, Cap. 189, LAWS OF BARBADOS, available at, http://www.oas.org /juridico/MLA/en/brb/en_brb-ext-law-ext1985.pdf.
Belarus Only allowed based on international treaties to which Belarus is a party.
Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, Mar. 15, 1994, art. 10, http://house.gov .by/index.php/,2438,,,,1,,,0.html.
Belgium Nationals can only be extradited within the framework of the EAW Decision, and provided they are
Loi sur les extraditions [Extradition Law], Mar. 15, 1874, as amended, art. 1, 2 LES CODES LARCIER DROIT PENAL
The Law Library of Congress 3
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
returned to Belgium for the execution of any prison sentence.
684 (2010); Loi relative au mandat d’arrêt européen [Law on the European Arrest Warrant], Dec. 19, 2003, 2 LES CODES LARCIER DROIT PENAL 701 (2010).
Bermuda X Extradition Act 1877, LAWS OF BERMUDA tit. 8, Item 36 (1989 Rev.), available at http://www.bermudalaws .bm/Laws/Consolidated%20Laws/Extradition%20Act%201877.pdf.
Benin X Extradition Treaty of the Economic Community of West African States, Aug. 1, 1994, art. 10, http://www.icpat .org/index.php/documentation-a-articles-mainmenu-97/doc_download /21-ecowas-extradition-document&sa=U&ei=44nRUZL6ILfG4AOIpoFQ&ved=0CB8QFjAA&usg=AFQjCNFvwy7ACqBwT3Mlnmvsjzz5-YYGaQ.
Bolivia X Penal Code of Bolivia art. 3, available at http://www.oas.org/juridico /spanish/gapeca_sp_docs_bol1.pdf (in Spanish).
The Law Library of Congress 4
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
Bosnia and Herzegovina
X Criminal Procedure Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2003, art. 415, § 1-a, available at http://www.ohr.int/ohr-dept/legal/oth-legist/doc/criminal-procedure-code-of-bih.doc.
Botswana Not unless the requesting country has laws allowing reciprocity.
Extradition Act 18 of 1990, § 8, II LAWS OF BOTSWANA, Cap. 09:03 (rev. ed. 2010), available at http://www .issafrica.org/cdct/mainpages/pdf/Terrorism/Legislation/Botswana/Botswana%20Extradition%20Act%2018%20of%201990%20.pdf (in the link provided, the relevant portion is § 7).
Brazil X Constitution art. 5(LI), http://www .planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Constituicao/Constituicao.htm.
Bulgaria Only allowed based on reciprocity established by a ratified, published, and effective treaty of Bulgaria.
Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria, July 12, 1991, art. 25.4, http://www.parliament.bg/en/const.
Burkina Faso X Extradition Treaty of the Economic Community of West African States, Aug. 1, 1994, art. 10, http://www.icpat .org/index.php/documentation-a-articles-mainmenu-97/doc_download /21-ecowas-extradition-document&sa =U&ei=44nRUZL6ILfG4AOIpoFQ&v
The Law Library of Congress 5
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
ed=0CB8QFjAA&usg=AFQjCNFvwy7ACqBwT3Mlnmvsjzz5-YYGaQ; CODE PROCÉDURE PÉNALE [CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE] (in French).
Burundi Allowed only on the basis of a treaty provision.
Code de Procédure Pénale [Code of Criminal Procedure] art. 15, available at http://www.droit-afrique.com/images/textes/Burundi/Burundi-Code-2009-penal.pdf (last visited June 24, 2013).
Cameroon X Code de Procédure Pénale [Code of Criminal Procedure], 2007, art. 644.
Canada Extradition of Canadian citizens could be considered unconstitutional “if Canadian authorities failed, before extraditing the person, to determine whether prosecution in Canada was a ‘realistic option’.”
Extradition Act, S.C. 1999, c. 18, § 3, http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/E-23.01.pdf; Ch. 42, “Extradition of Canadian Citizens for Acts Which Could Be Prosecuted in Canada,” in THE FEDERAL PROSECUTION SERVICE DESKBOOK (1989), http://www.ppsc-sppc.gc.ca/eng/fps-sfp/fpd/ch42.html.
Cape Verde Allowed for terrorism and international organized crime based on reciprocity and with guarantees of a fair trial.
Constitution art. 38, http://www .parlamento.cv/leisrepublica.aspx (in Portuguese).
The Law Library of Congress 6
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
Central African Republic
X Loi 10.002 du 6 janvier 2010 portant sur le Code de Procédure Pénale [Law 10.002 of Jan. 6, 2010 on the Code of Criminal Procedure] art. 379, JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE CENTRAFRICAINE [OFFICIAL GAZETTE OF THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC], available at http://www.ilo.org/dyn /natlex/docs/SERIAL/88120/100660/F498635820/CAF-88120.pdf.
Chad X Code Procedure Pénale [Code of Criminal Procedure] art. 445 (in French).
Chile X Código Procesal Penal [Code of Criminal Procedure], Oct. 12, 2000, art. 440, http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar ?idNorma=176595&idPart=0; Código de Procedimiento Penal [Code of Criminal Procedure], Feb. 19, 1906, art. 644, http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar ?idNorma=22960&idParte=0.
China (People’s Republic of)
X Extradition Law of the People’s Republic of China, Dec. 28, 2000, art. 8, http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content /2001/content_61248.htm (in Chinese).
The Law Library of Congress 7
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
Colombia X 1991 Political Constitution, as amended by Legislative Act 1 of 1997, art. 35, http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/cp/constitucion_politica_1991_pr001.html#35 (in Spanish).
Comoros X Loi du 10 mars 1927, relative a l’extradition des étrangers [Law of Mar. 10, 1927, on Extradition of Foreigners], art. 5, http://www.unodc.org /documents/terrorism/Publications/Practical_Guide_IOC/Publication_UNODC-COI_Fiches_pratiques_n.1.pdf (see p. 3, “droit applicable” [applicable law]).
Congo (Dem. Republic of the)
Criminal procedure law refers only to extradition of foreigners; in some treaties Congo specifies that its citizens not be extradited and instead be tried in Congo.
Décret du 12 avril 1886 relatif à l’extradition [Decree of 12 April 1886 relating to extradition], available at http://www.droitcongolais.info/files/360_decret_du_12_avril_1886_extradition.pdf; African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption, Dec 30, 2003, art 15-6, available at http://www.icpc.ma/wps/wcm/connect/b6666a80438bcb4d849dcc40d51cf4f5/Convention+sur+la+lutte+contre+la+corruption.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=b6666a80438bcb4d849dcc40d51cf4f5 (copy/paste URL into browser).
The Law Library of Congress 8
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
Cook Islands The Attorney-General may refuse to extradite a national of the Cook Islands and instead prosecute and punish the person in the Cook Islands.
Extradition Act 2003, § 62(2)(a), available at http://www.paclii.org/ck /legis/num_act/ea2003149/.
Costa Rica Allowed as governed by treaties. Costa Rica Constitution, LA GACETA, Nov. 7, 1949, art. 31, available at http://www.oas.org/dil/esp/Constitucion_Costa_Rica.pdf (in Spanish).
Croatia X Constitution of the Republic of Croatia, July 6, 2010, art. 9, http://www.sabor .hr/Default.aspx?art=2405.
Cuba X Criminal Code art. 6.1, GACETA OFICIAL DE LA REPUBLICA DE CUBA, http://www.gacetaoficial.cu/html/codigo_penal.html (in Spanish).
Czech Republic
Citizens cannot be extradited to a foreign state for criminal prosecution or to serve a sentence; they may be transferred to another Member State of the European Union only on the basis of the EAW Decision.
Criminal Code of the Czech Republic, Jan. 8, 2009, art. 10, available at http:// www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=248531 (in Czech).
Denmark Allowed based on the EAW Decision or the European Convention on Extradition. Also, the Minister of Justice may allow extradition if there
Bekendtgørelse af lov om udlevering af lovovertrædere [Decree on Law on Extradition of Offenders], Law No. 833 (Aug. 25, 2005, as last amended by
The Law Library of Congress 9
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
is an agreement between Denmark and the requesting country, if either (1) the person concerned has resided in the requesting state in the two years prior to commission of the offense, and an act corresponding to the offense for which extradition is sought is punishable by imprisonment for at least one year under Danish law; or (2) the act, if handled by a Danish court, could result in a higher penalty than four years of imprisonment. If there is no such agreement between Denmark and the requesting state, the Minister of Justice may decide to extradite a Danish citizen if the above conditions are met and special law enforcement conditions are therefore communicated. Denmark made a Declaration with reference to art. 6 of the Convention on Extradition, which gives a contracting party the right to refuse extradition of its “nationals,” indicating that the term “national” for purposes of the Convention means “a national of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway or Sweden, or a person domiciled in one of those countries.”
Law No. 428 of May 1, 2013), kap. 2 § 2, https://www.retsinformation.dk /Forms/r0710.aspx?id=2161; “Declaration Contained in a Letter from the Permanent Representative of Denmark, Dated 12 November 2003, Registered at the Secretariat General on 25 November 2003,” and “Declaration Contained in a Letter from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark, Dated 30 August 1962, Handed to the Secretary General at the Time of Deposit of the Instrument of Ratification, on 13 September 1962,” List of Declarations Made with Respect to Treaty No. 024 [European Convention on Extradition]: Denmark, COUNCIL OF EUROPE, http://conventions .coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?NT=024&CM=8&DF=&CL=ENG&VL=1 (status as of June 19, 2013).
The Law Library of Congress 10
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
Dominican Republic
Allowed only when authorized by the judicial branch, as provided by law and current extradition treaties.
Constitution art. 46(1), Jan. 26, 2010, http://www.suprema.gov.do/PDF_2/constitucion/Constitucion.pdf (in Spanish).
Ecuador X Law on Extradition, Aug. 18, 2000, art. 4, http://www.mmrree.gob.ec/mre /documentos/ministerio/legislacion/leg_extradiccion.htm (in Spanish).
Egypt X Penal Code, July 31, 1937, art. 3, available at http://www.mohamoon-montada.com/Default.aspx?action=ArabicLaw&ID=20 (in Arabic; stating that Egyptians who commit crimes abroad will be tried in Egypt).
El Salvador Only permitted when established in a treaty.
Constitution, Dec. 16, 1983, DIARIO OFICIAL, art. 28, http://www.asamblea .gob.sv/eparlamento/indice-legislativo/buscador-de-documentos-legislativos/constitucion-de-la-republica (in Spanish).
Eritrea X Transitional Penal Code of Eritrea § 21 (composed of the Ethiopian Penal Code of 1957, No. 158, 1957, as amended in 1991, through the Transitional Penal Law of Eritrea Proclamation, No. 4, 1991, 1 GAZETTE OF ERITREAN LAWS, No. 1 (Sept. 15, 1991)), 1957 Code
The Law Library of Congress 11
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
available on the Ethiopian Legal Brief website, at http://chilot.files.wordpress .com/2011/01/penal-code-english.pdf (1991 amending document issued only in Tigrigna, one of Eritrea’s local languages, and not available in electronic form).
Estonia Allowed only under conditions prescribed by an international treaty and pursuant to procedure provided by such treaty and by law. Extradition must be decided by the government of the Republic. Those under an extradition order have the right to contest the extradition in an Estonian court. As to the Declaration to the European Convention on Extradition, Estonia reserves the right to refuse extradition of nationals who have not consented to the procedure.
Constitution of the Republic of Estonia, June 28, 1992, art. 36, http://www .president.ee/en/republic-of-estonia/the-constitution/; List of Declarations Made with Respect to Treaty No. 024 [European Convention on Extradition]: Estonia, COUNCIL OF EUROPE, http:// conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?NT=024&CM=8&DF=&CL=ENG&VL=1 (status as of June 18, 2013).
Ethiopia X Criminal Code of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No. 414/2004, May 9, 2005, art. 21, available at http://www. wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/et/et011en.pdf.
The Law Library of Congress 12
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
Fiji A judge may refuse to extradite a citizen of Fiji.
Extradition Act 2003, § 18(2)(b), available at http://www.paclii.org/fj /legis/num_act/ea2003149/.
Finland Allowed only if there is a law that provides for extradition or transfer of a citizen “due to a criminal act, for the purpose of legal proceedings, or in order to enforce a decision concerning the custody or care of a child” to a country where the person’s human rights and legal protection are guaranteed. One such law provides for extradition to other EU Member States.
Constitution of Finland, June 11, 1999 (731/1999, amendments up to 1112/2011 included), § 9 ¶ 3, http:// www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/1999/en19990731.pdf; Act on Extradition on the Basis of an Offence Between Finland and Other Member States of the European Union, Dec. 30, 2003, Law No. 1286/2003, http://www.finlex .fi/en/laki/kaannokset/2003/en20031286.pdf.
France Only allowed within the framework of the EAW Decision for otherwise qualifying offenses committed in the requesting Member State of the European Union country. In such cases, judges should grant extradition if the requesting country has a reciprocity process with France and if, in the case of sentencing to a penalty involving deprivation of liberty, the citizen can serve the sentence in France. In addition, France would have to exercise criminal jurisdiction over an equivalent offense.
Criminal Procedure Code, art 696-4, available at http://www.legifrance .gouv.fr/affichCodeArticle.do?idArticle=LEGIARTI000006577394&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006071154&dateTexte=20130618&oldAction=rechCodeArticle ( in French; last updated June 5, 2013); Convention Drawn Up on the Basis of article K.3 of the Treaty on European Union, Relating to Extradition Between the Member States of the European Union art 7, 1996 O.J. (C 313) 12, http://eur-lex.europa.eu /Notice.do?val=212030:cs&lang=fr&lis
The Law Library of Congress 13
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
t=212030:cs,207286:cs,&pos=1&page=1&nbl=2&pgs=10&hwords=convention~extradition~&checktexte=checkbox&visu=#texte; Circulaires de la direction des affaires criminelles et des graces Signalisation des circulaires du 1er juillet au 30 septembre 2005, BULLETIN OFFICIEL DU MINISTÈRE DE LA JUSTICE N° 99 (July 18, 2005), http://www .justice.gouv.fr/bulletin-officiel/dacg99b.htm.
Gabon No statement on extradition in criminal procedure legislation; Gabon is member of the Communaute Economique et Monetaire de L’afrique Central (CEMAC) [Monetary and Economic Community of Central Africa]. No extradition of citizens between members, including Cameron, Central African Republic, Congo (Dem. Rep.), Chad, Gabon, and Guinea Bissau.
Treaty Communaute Economique et Monetaire de L’afrique Central, Accord d’Extradition entre les Etats Membres de la CEMAC art. 5, Jan. 28, 2004, available at http://www.droit-afrique .com/images/textes/Afrique_centre/CEMAC%20-%20Accord%20extradition %202004.pdf.
Gambia X Extradition Act No. 10, 1986, §§ 2, 5 & 7, LAWS OF THE GAMBIA, Cap. 12:01 (rev. ed. 2009).
The Law Library of Congress 14
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
Georgia Only allowed as prescribed in a treaty; the decision on extradition may be appealed in court.
Constitution of Georgia, Aug. 24, 1995, art. 13, § 4, http://www.parliament.ge /files/68_1944_951190_CONSTIT_27_12.06.pdf.
Germany Allowed only in accordance with the EAW Decision and then only if the deed has a significant connection to the requesting state and the fugitive will be allowed to serve the penalty in Germany.
Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany § 16, http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_gg/; Gesetz über die internationale Rechtshilfe in Strafsachen [Act on Mutual International Assistance in Criminal Matters], repromulgated June 27, 1994, BUNDESGESETZBLATT I at 1537, as amended, § 80, http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/irg/index.html.
Ghana X Extradition Act No. 22, 1960, § 3, 4 LAWS OF GHANA (rev. ed. 2004).
Greece Only allowed under the EAW Decision, to EU countries which have also implemented the European Arrest Warrant.
EAW Decision, supra, 2002 O.J. (L 190) 1; Law No 3251.2004, EPHEMERIS TES KYVERNESEOS TES HELLENIKES DEMOKRATIAS, 2004, A: 127.
Guatemala Only allowed based on treaties and conventions regarding crimes against humanity or against international law, and in such cases, the death penalty is not permitted.
Constitution, June 3, 1985, arts. 18 & 27, DIARIO DE CENTRO AMÉRICA, http:// www.congreso.gob.gt/manager/images/1188FE6B-B453-3B8C-0D00-549DA12F72CB.pdf (in Spanish).
The Law Library of Congress 15
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
Guinea X CODE DE PROCÉDURE PÉNALE [CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE], adopted Dec. 31, 1998, art. 657, available at http://www.refworld.org/docid/44a3e20b4.html (in French).
Guinea Bissau X Constitution, 1996, art. 43(1), http://www.anpguinebissau.org/leis/constituicao (in Portuguese).
Guyana X Fugitive Offenders, LAWS OF GUYANA, Cap. 10:04, available at http://www.oas .org/juridico/MLA/en/guy/en_guy_Fugi_Offen_Act.pdf; Fugitive Offenders (Amendment) Act No. 30 of 2009, available at http://www.oas.org /juridico/MLA/en/guy/en_guy_Fugitive_Offen_add.pdf.
Honduras X Constitution, Jan. 20, 1982, art. 101, LA GACETA, http://www.poderjudicial.gob .hn/juris/Leyes/Constitución%20de%20la%20República%20(09).pdf (in Spanish).
Hungary Only allowed if the person sought for extradition is also a citizen of another state and has permanent residence in a foreign state. In addition, a citizen may be tried in Hungary for a crime
Act XXXVIII, 1996, on International Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters § 13, July 15, 1996, available at http:// www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx /rwmain?page=category&category=LE
The Law Library of Congress 16
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
committed elsewhere and then sent to the requesting country to carry out the sentence. The surrender of a Hungarian national and resident who is the subject of a European arrest warrant for the purposes of prosecution may be subject to the condition that the issuing judicial authority give adequate assurance that, where a sentence has been passed or a detention order has been made, the person may if he or she desires be returned to Hungary in order to serve the custodial sentence or detention order there. Also, if an EAW has been issued for a citizen for the purposes of execution of a custodial sentence or a detention order, the executing judicial authority will refuse to execute the warrant and will undertake to execute the sentence or detention order in accordance with Hungarian law.
GAL&publisher=&type=&coi=HUN&docid=3ed4bd784&skip=0; Act CXXX, 2003, On the Co-operation with the Member States of the European Union in Criminal Matters §§ 3 & 5, http:// www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/polju/en/EJN568.pdf; Criminal Code, Act. IV of 1978, § 6, available at http://www.refworld.org /docid/4c358dd22.html; Code of Criminal Procedure, Act XIX of 1998, § 579, available at http://www .complex.hu/kzldat/t9800019.htm/t9800019.htm (in Hungarian).
Iceland Allowed only to (1) other Nordic countries under the Nordic Arrest Warrant, subject to certain conditions;
Extradition of Criminals and Other Assistance in Criminal Proceedings, Act No. 13, Apr. 17, 1984 (as last
The Law Library of Congress 17
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
or (2) other contracting states party to the Council of Europe’s European Convention on Extradition (although this Convention does permit states to refuse extradition of their nationals). Nationals for Iceland in this context refers to nationals of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden as well as Iceland.
amended by Act No. 88/2008), art. 2, http://eng.innanrikisraduneyti.is/laws-and-regulations/nr/104; Gjermund Mathisen, Nordic Cooperation and the European Arrest Warrant: Intra-Nordic Extradition, the Nordic Arrest Warrant and Beyond, 79 NORDIC J. INT’L LAW 10 (2010), available at http://heinonline .org/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/nordic79&page=1;“Declaration contained in a letter from the Permanent Representative of Iceland, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 20 June 1984,” List of Declarations Made with Respect to Treaty No. 024 [European Convention on Extradition]: Iceland, COUNCIL OF EUROPE, http://conventions .coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?NT=024&CM=8&DF=&CL=ENG&VL=1 (status as of June 19, 2013).
India X Extradition Act, No. 34, 1962, http:// www.nia.gov.in/acts/The%20Extradition%20Act%201962.pdf.
The Law Library of Congress 18
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
Indonesia Generally no, except in some circumstances in which it is considered more appropriate to prosecute at the scene of the crime.
Law No. 1/1979, on Extradition, art. 7, available at http://www.refworld.org/ pdfid/48635aac2.pdf.
Iran X Law of Extradition, May 4, 1969, art 8, http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/95205 (in Persian), English translation available on the General Directorate of International Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran Judiciary website, at http://www.bia-judiciary.ir/LinkClick .aspx?fileticket=E8l7BdoT_Io%3D&tabid=3706&mid=6999.
Iraq X Constitution, Oct. 15, 2005, art. 21, http://www.parliament.iq/Iraqi_Council_of_Representatives.php?name=singal9asdasdas9dasda8w9wervw8vw854wvw5w0v98457475v38937456033t64tg34t64gi4dow7wnf4w4y4t386b5w6576i75page&pa=showpage&pid=54 (in Arabic).
The Law Library of Congress 19
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
Ireland Generally not allowed, but numerous exceptions exist, in particular if there is an extradition treaty between Ireland and the requesting country.
Ireland’s Extradition Act, 1965, IRISH STATUTE BOOK, http://www.irishstatute book.ie/1965/en/act/pub/0017/print.html#sec9.
Israel Extradition of a person who at the time of committing the extraditable offense was an Israeli citizen and a resident allowed only if (1) the extradition request is for the purpose of adjudication in the requesting country; and (2) the requesting country has agreed, in advance, to transport the offender to Israel for the purpose of serving any imprisonment sentence.
Extradition Law, 5714-1954, § 1A, SEFER HAHUKIM (Official Gazette) 5714, No. 163, p. 174 (1954), as amended, up-to-date text is available at http://www.nevo.co.il (by subscription).
Italy Extradition of citizens permitted only when expressly allowed under international treaties binding on Italy.
Constitution of the Italian Republic, 1948, art. 26(1), http://www.senato.it /documenti/repository/istituzione/costituzione.pdf (in Italian); Italian Penal Code art. 13, http://www.altalex.com /index.php?idnot=1994 (in Italian); EAW Decision, supra, 2002 O.J. (L 190) 1.
Ivory Coast X Loi du 10 mars 1927 relative a l’extradition des étrangers [Law of March 10, 1927, on Extradition of Foreigners] art. 5, available at http://
The Law Library of Congress 20
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
ledroitcriminel.free.fr/la_legislation_criminelle/anciens_textes/loi_extradition.htm (in French). Adopted by Ivory Coast according to NATLEX ILO, https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex /natlex _browse.details?p_lang=en&p_country=CIV&p_classification=01.04&p_origin=COUNTRY&p_sortby=SORTBY_COUNTRY (last visited July 2, 2013).
Jamaica The Minister may refuse to extradite a citizen unless the person is also a citizen of the requesting state.
Extradition Act 7 of 1991, 35 of 1995 (July 8, 1991), § 7(5), available at http://www.oas.org/juridico/mla/en/jam/en_jam-ext-law-ext1993.pdf.
Japan Denied except when a treaty of extradition provides otherwise.
Law of Extradition, Law No. 68 of 1953, last amended by Act No. 37 of 2007, art. 2, available at http://www .oecd.org/site/adboecdanti-corruptioninitiative/39360681.pdf.
Jordan Allowed if provided for in duly approved international agreements.
Constitution, 1952, art. 21(2), http:// www.kinghussein.gov.jo/constitution_jo.html; Extradition Law, 1927, http:// www.lob.gov.jo/ui/laws/search_no.jsp?no=0&year=1927 (in Arabic).
Kazakhstan X Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Aug. 30, 1995, art. 11, § 1, http://www.akorda.kz/en/category
The Law Library of Congress 21
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
/konstituciya.
Kenya Allowed if there is an agreement with the requesting country or the requesting country has/will have in place a reciprocal law; also allowed if the request comes from a Commonwealth country.
Extradition (Contiguous and Foreign Countries) Act §§ 2 & 16, 7 LAWS OF KENYA Cap. 76 (rev. ed. 2009), http:// www.kenyalaw.org/klr/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/Cap76Extradition_ContiguousandForeignCountrie_.pdf; Extradition (Commonwealth Countries) Act, §§ 2 & 6, 6 LAWS OF KENYA, Cap. 77 (rev. ed. 2009), available at http:// www.imldb.iom.int/viewDocument.do?id=%7B4C52254B-E233-4174-9D30-0305993DA399%7D.
Kiribati The Minister of Foreign Affairs may refuse to extradite a citizen of Kiribati.
Extradition Act 2003, § 19(2)(b), available at http://www.paclii.org/ki /legis/num_act/ea2003149/.
Korea (Republic of)
The government has the discretion to extradite its own nationals.
Extradition Act, Act No. 4015, Aug. 5, 1988, last amended by Act No. 10202, Mar. 31, 2010, art. 9, translation available through the online database of the Korea Legislative Research Institute, at http://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng _service/main.do.
Kosovo Only allowed when required by international law and agreements.
Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo, Apr. 7, 2008, art. 35, § 4, http://www
The Law Library of Congress 22
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
.kuvendikosoves.org/?cid=2,100,48.
Kuwait X There is no law on the subject. However, the State of Kuwait stated in its report on the implementation of the UN Convention Against Corruption that it does not extradite its own citizens.
U.N. Report No. CAC/COSP/IRG/I/2/ 1/Add.8 (Oct. 23, 2012), http://www .unodc.org/documents/treaties/UNCAC/WorkingGroups/ImplementationReviewGroup/ExecutiveSummaries/V1256905a.pdf (in Arabic).
Kyrgyzstan X Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, June 27, 2010, art. 51, § 1, available at http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/details.jsp?id=10576.
Latvia Only allowed when required by international agreements ratified by the Saeima (legislature), so long as the extradition does not violate the basic human rights specified in the Constitution.
Constitution of the Republic of Latvia, Feb. 15, 1922, art. 98, http://www .saeima.lv/en/legislation/constitution.
Lebanon X Penal Code, 1943, arts. 20 & 32, available at http://www.wipo.int /wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=243255 (in Arabic).
Lesotho X Fugitive Offenders Act 38, 1967, §§ 3 & 6, XII THE LAWS OF LESOTHO (1967), available at https://www.unodc
The Law Library of Congress 23
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
.org/tldb/showDocument.do?documentUid=6552.
Liberia X Criminal Procedure Law, §§ 8.1 & 8.2, I LIBERIAN CODE OF LAWS REVISED, tit. 2, ch. 8 (rev. ed. 1973), available at http://www.liberlii.org/lr/legis/codes/cplt2lcolr491/.
Libya X Code of Criminal Procedure, 1953, art. 493, http://www.aladel.gov.ly/main /modules/sections/item.php?itemid=54 (in Arabic).
Lithuania Allowed only as established by international treaty.
Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, Oct. 25, 1995, art. 13, http:// www3.lrs.lt/home/Konstitucija/Constitution.htm.
Malawi X Extradition Act of 1972, §§ 2, 4 & 6, II LAWS OF MALAWI, Cap. 8:03 (rev. ed. 2010), available at http://www. vertic .org/media/National%20Legislation/Malawi/MW_Extradition_Act.pdf.
Malaysia The Minister of Home Affairs has the discretion to refuse the extradition of a citizen of Malaysia.
Extradition Act 1992 (Act 479), § 49, http://www.agc.gov.my/Akta/Vol.%2010/Act%20479.pdf.
Mexico Allowed only in exceptional cases, at Law on International Extradition, Dec.
The Law Library of Congress 24
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
the discretion of the government.
29, 1975, art. 14, http://www.diputados .gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/36.pdf (in Spanish).
Moldova X Constitution of the Republic of Moldova, July 29, 1994, art. 18, § 2, http://www.presedinte.md/const.php?page=8210&lang=rus#8210 (in Russian).
Mongolia X Constitution of Mongolia, Jan. 13, 1992, art. 15, available at http://www .refworld.org/docid/3ae6b5a38.html.
Montenegro Only allowed in accordance with the international obligations of Montenegro.
Constitution of Montenegro, Oct. 19, 2007, art. 12, available at http://www .refworld.org/docid/47e11b0c2.html.
Morocco X Penal Code, 2002, art. 718, http://adala .justice.gov.ma/production/legislation/ar/Nouveautes/قانون%20المسطرة%20الجنائیة.pdf (in Arabic).
Mozambique X Constitution art. 67(4), http://www .portaldogoverno.gov.mz/Legisla/constituicao_republica/ (in Portuguese).
Namibia Allowed only if approved by the Minister of Justice.
Extradition Act No. 11, 1996, §§ 2 & 6, GOVERNMENT GAZETTE OF THE REPUBLIC OF NAMIBIA, No. 1358 (July 16, 1996), available at http://www .vertic.org/media/National%20Legislati
The Law Library of Congress 25
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
on/Namibia/NA_Extradition_Act_1996.pdf.
Nauru X Extradition of Fugitive Offenders Act 1973, available at http://www.paclii .org/nr/legis/num_act/eofoa1973342/.
Nepal X Extradition Act, 2045 (1988), available at http://www.oecd.org/site/adboecd anti-corruptioninitiative/39365154.pdf.
Netherlands Allowed only if, in the opinion of the Minister of Security and Justice, the requesting State provides a guarantee that the person claimed may be returned to the Netherlands to serve any unconditional, custodial sentence. The Netherlands’ participation in the Council of Europe’s European Convention on Extradition is subject to the same restriction. The Netherlands has also become a party to the EAW Decision, which allows in general for transfer of criminal offenders between Member States.
The Netherlands – National Procedures for Extradition, COUNCIL OF EUROPE, http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/standardsetting/pc-oc/Country_information1_en _files/NL%20Extradition.pdf (last visited June 19, 2013); Uitleveringswet (Mar. 9, 1967, as amended effective July 1, 2013), art. 4, §§ 1 & 2, http:// wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0002559/geldigheidsdatum_14-06-2013; EAW Decision, supra, 2002 O.J. (L 190) 1; “Declaration Contained in a Note Verbale from the Permanent Representation of the Netherlands, Dated 14 October 1987, Registered at the Secretariat General on 15 October 1987 –and Completed by a Note Verbale from the Permanent Representation of the Netherlands,
The Law Library of Congress 26
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
Dated 12 December 1994, Registered at the Secretariat General on 15 December 1994”, List of Declarations Made with Respect to Treaty No. 024 [European Convention on Extradition]: Netherlands, COUNCIL OF EUROPE, http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?NT=024&CM=8&DF=&CL=ENG&VL=1 (status as of June 19, 2013).
New Zealand If a treaty or other arrangements with regard to a particular country provides that no New Zealand citizen is to be surrendered, then the Minister must refuse extradition. Even if the treaty or other arrangements do not preclude surrender, the Minister may determine not to extradite a New Zealand citizen if satisfied that it would not be in the interests of justice to do so.
Extradition Act 1999, s 30(2)(c) & (3)(c), http://www.legislation.govt .nz/act/public/1999/0055/latest /whole.html.
Nicaragua X Nicaraguan Constitution art. 43, repromulgated with amendments, LA GACETA (Sept. 16, 2010), http://www. asamblea.gob.ni/wp-content/uploads /2012/06/Constitucion.pdf (in Spanish).
The Law Library of Congress 27
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
Niger X Loi du 10 mars 1927, relative a l’extradition des étrangers [Law of Mar. 10, 1927, on Extradition of Foreigners] art. 5, available at http://www.unodc .org/documents/terrorism/Publications/Practical_Guide_IOC/Publication_UNODC-COI_Fiches_pratiques_n.1.pdf.
Nigeria X Extradition Act, 1967, §§ 3 & 21, 6 LAWS OF THE FEDERATION OF NIGERIA, Cap. E25 (rev. ed. 2006), available at http://www.vertic. org/media/National %20Legislation/Nigeria/NG_Extradition_Act.pdf.
Niue All Niueans are New Zealand citizens. Other than where the requesting country is New Zealand, an extradition request may be refused if “the person is a New Zealand citizen and there is no treaty in force between Niue and the extradition country which provides for the extradition of New Zealand citizens; or there is no treaty between New Zealand and the extradition countries which provides for the extradition of New Zealand
Extradition Act 2007, § 11(1)(iv), available at http://www.paclii.org/nu /legis/num_act/ea2007149/.
The Law Library of Congress 28
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
citizens from Niue.”
Norway Allowed to (1) other Nordic countries, subject to certain conditions under the Nordic Arrest Warrant system; and (2) contracting states parties to the Council of Europe’s European Convention on Extradition, which, however, gives the states parties the right but not the obligation to refuse extradition of their nationals. “Nationals” for Norway in this context refers to nationals of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Sweden, as well as Norway.
LOV 1975-06-13 nr 39: Lov om utlevering av lovbrytere m.v. [utleveringsloven] [Act Relating to Extradition of Offenders etc. (Extradition Act)] (as last amended June 22, 2012, in force Jan. 1, 2013), § 2, http://www.lovdata.no/all/hl-19750613-039.html; Lov om utlevering for å få iverksatt vedtak om frihetsinngrep truffet av myndighet i annet nordisk land [Law on Extradition to Implement a Decision Taken on Infringement of Liberty of the Authority in Another Nordic Country] (June 5, 1970, as last amended effective Oct. 16, 2012), Law No. 35, http://www .lovdata.no/all/nl-19700605-035.html; “Declaration contained in a letter from the Permanent Representative of Iceland, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 20 June 1984,” List of Declarations Made with Respect to Treaty No. 024 [European Convention on Extradition]: Norway, COUNCIL OF EUROPE, http://conventions .coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarati
The Law Library of Congress 29
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
ons.asp?NT=024&CM=8&DF=&CL=ENG&VL=1 (status as of June 19, 2013); see also Gjermund Mathisen, Nordic Cooperation and the European Arrest Warrant: Intra-Nordic Extradition, the Nordic Arrest Warrant and Beyond, 79 NORDIC J. INT’L LAW 10 (2010), available at http://heinonline.org/HOL /Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/nordic79&page=1.
Oman X Law 4-2000, Feb. 1, 2000, art. 3, http:// mola.gov.om/legals/tasleem_al_mujremeen/leg.pdf (in Arabic).
Pakistan X Extradition Act, 1972, available at http://www.oecd.org/site/adboecdanti-corruptioninitiative/39365414.pdf.
Panama X Code of Criminal Procedure (as amended May 27, 2013), art. 518 (I), http://www.asamblea.gob.pa/APPS/LEGISPAN/PDF_NORMAS/2010/2013/2013_603_3537.PDF.
Papua New Guinea
The Minister for Justice may refuse to extradite a citizen of Papua New Guinea.
Extradition Act 2005, § 35(2)(d), http:// www.paclii.org/pg/legis/consol_act/ea2005149/.
Paraguay X Code of Criminal Procedure, 1998, art.
The Law Library of Congress 30
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
149, http://www.pj.gov.py/ebook/libros _files/Coleccion_de_Derecho_Penal_TomoIII.pdf (in Spanish).
Peru X 1993 Political Constitution art. 37, http://spij.minjus.gob.pe/CLP/contenidos.dll?f=templates&fn=default-constitucion.htm&vid=Ciclope:CLPdemo; Code of Criminal Procedure 2004, arts. 516 & 517, http://spij.minjus.gob .pe/CLP/contenidos.dll?f=templates&fn=default-nuevocodprocpenal.htm&vid =Ciclope:CLPdemo (both in Spanish).
Poland Only allowed if a request for extradition was made by a foreign state or an international judicial body based on an international treaty ratified by Poland or based on a statute implementing a legal instrument enacted by an international organization of which Poland is a member. Other conditions, such as that the crime be committed outside of Poland but would be prosecuted if committed in Poland, apply except for cases of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, or crimes of aggression, as covered by international law.
Constitution of the Republic of Poland, Apr. 2, 1997, art. 55, http://www .sejm.gov.pl/prawo/konst/angielski/kon1.htm.
The Law Library of Congress 31
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
Portugal X Constitution art. 33(1), http://www .parlamento.pt/Legislacao/Paginas/ConstituicaoRepublicaPortuguesa.aspx (in Portuguese).
Qatar X Law 23-2004 on Criminal Procedure art. 409, http://www.gcc-legal.org/Moj PortalPublic/DisplayLegislations.aspx?country=3&LawTreeSectionID=7658 (in Arabic).
Romania Romanian citizens can be extradited based on international agreements to which Romania is a party, according to the law and on a mutual basis. Under the Declaration to the European Convention on Extradition, Romanian citizens may not be extradited. Exceptions may be made in accordance with reciprocal agreements if (a) any resulting sentence will be served in Romania; (b) the Romanian citizen has his residence in the requesting State at the date of the formulation of the request for extradition; (c) the Romanian
Constitution of Romania, Nov. 21, 1991, art. 19, § 2, http://www.cdep.ro /pls/dic/site.page?den=act2_2&par1=2#t2c1s0a19; “Declaration contained in a Note verbale from the Permanent Representation of Romania, dated 7 July 2006, registered at the Secretariat General on July 17, 2006, List of Declarations Made with Respect to Treaty No. 024 [European Convention on Extradition]: Romania, http://con ventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?NT=024&CM=1&CL=ENG&VL=1 (status as of June 18, 2013).
The Law Library of Congress 32
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
citizen has also the citizenship of the requesting State; and (d) the Romanian citizen allegedly committed the crime in the territory or against a citizen of a Member State of the European Union, if the requesting country is an EU Member. Any person for whom asylum was granted in Romania may not be extradited.
Russia X Constitution of the Russian Federation art. 61, http://www.constitution.ru/en /10003000-03.htm.
Saint Christopher and Nevis
X Extradition Act, LAWS OF SAINT CHRISTOPHER AND NEVIS, Ch. 4:08 (Rev. Dec. 2002), incorporating the United Kingdom Extradition Acts, 1870, as amended in 1873, http://www. legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1873/60/pdfs/ukpga_18730060_en.pdf.
Saint Lucia X St. Lucia: Extradition Act No. 12 (1986), available at http://www.oas.org /juridico/MLA/en/lca/en_lca-ext-law-1986.pdf.
Samoa The Minister of Justice may refuse to extradite a citizen of Samoa.
Relevant Law: Extradition Act 1974, § 11(6), http://www.paclii.org/ws/legis
The Law Library of Congress 33
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
/consol_act_2012/ea1974149/.
São Tomé e Príncipe
X Constitution art. 41(1), http://www2 .camara.gov.br/saotomeeprincipe/constituicao/constituicao-da-republica-democratica-de-s.tome-e (in Portuguese).
Saudi Arabia X Constitution, Mar. 1, 1992, art. 42, http://www.saudiembassy.net/about/country-information/laws/The_Basic _Law_Of_Governance.aspx.
Serbia X While the extradition of citizens is prohibited by legislation it is no longer a constitutional principle.
Law on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters, OFFICIAL GAZETTE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, No. 20/09, arts. 1, 16, http://www.mpravde.gov.rs/en /tekst/1701/criminal-matter.php; UN General Assembly, International Law Commission, The Obligation to Extradite or Prosecute (aut dedere aut judicare): Comments and Information Received from Governments, U.N. Doc.A/CN.4/579/Add.2 (June 5, 2007), http://untreaty.un.org/ilc/documentation/english/a_cn4_579_add2.pdf.
The Law Library of Congress 34
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
Seychelles X Extradition Act 19, 1991, §§ 5 & 6, V LAWS OF SEYCHELLES, Cap. 78 (rev. ed. 1991), available at http://www.seylii .org/sc/legislation/consolidated-act/78.
Sierra Leone Allowed but only if either (1) the
Attorney-General approves, or (2) the citizen fugitive is sought for extradition by a Commonwealth country and is also a citizen of that country.
Extradition Act, 1974, § 20, CV SUPPLEMENT TO THE SIERRA LEONE GAZETTE, No. 87 (Nov. 21, 1974), available at http://www.sierra-leone .org/Laws/1974-11.pdf.
Singapore No clear prohibition in the law. Extradition Act, ch. 103, as amended through Sept. 29, 2007, http://statutes .agc.gov.sg (search by chapter number).
Slovakia X Constitution of the Slovac Republic, Sept. 1, 1992, art. 23.4, http://www.slo vakia.org/sk-constitution.htm.
Slovenia Allowed only under a treaty by which Slovenia has transferred the exercise of part of its sovereign rights to an international organization.
Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia, Dec. 23, 1991, art. 47, available at http://www.pf.uni-mb.si /datoteke/janja/Angleska%20PT/anglesko-slovenska_urs.pdf.
Solomon The relevant Minister may refuse to Extradition Act 2010, § 19(2)(b),
The Law Library of Congress 35
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
Islands extradite a citizen of the Solomon Islands.
available at http://www.paclii.org/sb /legis/num_act/ea2010149/.
South Africa X Extradition Act 67, 1962, § 3, 8 STATUTES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA (rev. ed. 2012), http://www .justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/1962-067.pdf.
South Sudan No relevant law could be located.
Sri Lanka X Extradition Law, No. 8, 1977, available at http://www.oecd.org/site/adboecd anti-corruptioninitiative/39370394.pdf: Extradition Amendment Act, No. 48, 1999, available at http://www.oecd .org/site/adboecdanti-corruption initiative/39370713.pdf.
Spain Citizens are handed over to other Member States of the European Union in response to an EAW. In such cases, surrender may be permitted under the condition that the Spanish national must return to Spain for the execution of the punishment or sanction, in case of conviction in the requesting country.
Law on Passive Extradition, 1985, art. 3, http://www.boe.es/buscar/pdf /1985/BOE-A-1985-4816-consolidado .pdf (in Spanish); Organic Law 3/2003, Mar. 14, 2003, implementing the European Arrest Warrant, art. 11.2, http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2003/03/17/pdfs/A10244-10258.pdf.
Sudan Permitted if a magistrate judge finds Law on Extradition, 1957, art. 9(2) &
The Law Library of Congress 36
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
proof that the Sudanese citizen is guilty.
10(1), http://www.parliament.gov.sd /ar/activity/view_law.php?law_id=46 (in Arabic).
Swaziland X Fugitive Offenders (Commonwealth) Act No. 9, 1969, §§ 3 & 6, VII SUPPLEMENT TO THE SWAZILAND GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, No. 352 (May 16, 1969).
Sweden Allowed to states in the Nordic Region or the European Union, under Swedish law or an EAW. Surrender of Swedish nationals permitted under Swedish law, for example, predicated on the law of the issuing state prescribing a custodial penalty for the offense in question. Under the EAW Decision, surrender may only be granted, for example, for acts corresponding to an offense under Swedish law for which a custodial sentence of one year or more is prescribed by the issuing state’s law.
Lag (1957:668) om utlämning för brot [Act (1957:668) on Extradition] (Dec. 6, 1957, as last amended by SFS 2012:573), § 2, http://62.95.69.15/cgi-bin/thw?%24%7BHTML%7D=sfst_lst&%24%7BOOHTML%7D=sfst_dok&%24%7BSNHTML%7D=sfst_err&%24%7BBASE%7D=SFST&%24%7BTRIPSHOW%7D=format%3DTHW&BET=1957%3A668%24; Lag (2011:1165) om överlämnande från Sverige enligt en nordisk arresteringsorder [Act (2011:1165) on Surrender from Sweden According to a Nordic Arrest Warrant] (Nov. 24, 2011), http://www.riksdagen .se/sv/Dokument-Lagar/Lagar/Svensk forfattningssamling/Lag-20111165-om-overlamnand_sfs-2011-1165/; Lag (2003:1156) om överlämnande från Sverige enligt en europeisk arresteringsorder [Act on Surrender
The Law Library of Congress 37
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
from Sweden According to the European Arrest Warrant] (Dec. 18, 2003, in force Jan. 1, 2004; as last amended by SFS 2013:128, Mar. 14, 2013), available at http://www.notisum .se/rnp/sls/lag/20031156.HTM.
Switzerland X Bundesgesetz über internationale Rechtshilfe in Strafsachen (Federal Act on International Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters), Mar. 20, 1981, as amended, SYSTEMATISCHE SAMMLUNG DES BUNDESRECHTS 351.1, art. 7, http:// www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/19810037/index.html.
Syria X Constitution, 2012, art. 38(2), http:// parliament.sy/forms/new_laws/viewNew_laws.php?law_id=37 (in Arabic).
Taiwan X Law of Extradition, July 4, 1980, art. 4, http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=I0030001.
Tajikistan X Constitution of Tajikistan, Nov. 6, 1994, art. 16, http://mmk.tj/ru/leg islation/legislation-base/constitution/ (in Russian).
The Law Library of Congress 38
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
Tanzania X Extradition Act, 1965, §§ 2, 4 & 11, IX LAWS OF TANZANIA, Cap. 368 (rev. ed. 2002), Law Reform Commission of Tanzania website at http://www.lrct. go.tz/?wpfb_dl=152.
Thailand X Extradition Act, B.E. 2551 (2008), available at http://www.samuiforsale .com/law-texts/extradiction-act-2008-thai-law-translation.html.
Timor Leste X Constitution, art. 35(4), http://timor-leste.gov.tl/?cat=37&lang=en.
Togo X Extradition Treaty of the Economic Community of West African States, art. 10, Aug. 1, 1994, http://www.icpat.org /index.php/documentation-a-articles-mainmenu-97/doc_download/21-ecowas-extradition-document&sa =U&ei=44nRUZL6ILfG4AOIpoFQ&ved=0CB8QFjAA&usg=AFQjCNFvwy7ACqBwT3Mlnmvsjzz5-YYGaQ.
Tonga X Extradition Act, Cap. 22, available at http://www.paclii.org/to/legis/consol_act/ea149/.
The Law Library of Congress 39
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
Trinidad and Tobago
Extradition (Commonwealth and Foreign Territories) Act, ch. 12:04, LAWS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO, Act 36 of 1985, as amended, available at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/mesicic3_tto_extradition.pdf.
Tunisia X Criminal Procedure Code, 1968, art. 310, available at http://www.jurisite tunisie.com/tunisie/codes/cpp/cpp1235.htm (in French).
Turkey Not allowed except under obligations due to being a party to the International Criminal Court.
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasasi [Constitution of the Republic of Turkey], Law No. 2709 (Nov. 7, 1982, as last amended by Law No. 6214, Mar. 29, 2011), art. 38, ¶ 10, http://www.tb mm.gov.tr/anayasa/anayasa_2011.pdf (in Turkish), and http://www.byegm .gov.tr/content.aspx?s=tcotrot (in English); Türk Ceza Kanunu (Sept. 26, 2004, as last amended by Law No. 6462, May 3, 2013), http://www.mev zuat.gov.tr/Metin.Aspx?MevzuatKod=1.5.5237&sourceXmlSearch=&MevzuatIliski=0; Criminal Code, Law No. 5237 (Sept. 26, 2004), art. 18 ¶ 2, available at
The Law Library of Congress 40
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
http://legislationline.org/documents /action/popup/id/6872/preview.
Turkmenistan X Constitution of Turkmenistan, May 18, 1992, art. 7, available at http://www .wipo.int/wipolex/en/details.jsp?id=11374.
Tuvalu The Prime Minister may refuse to extradite a citizen of Tuvalu.
Extradition Act 2004, § 19(2)(b), available at http://www.paclii.org/tv /legis/num_act/ea2004149/.
Uganda X Extradition Act, 1964, § 1, 6 LAWS OF UGANDA, Cap. 117 (rev. ed. 2000), available at http://www.ulii.org/ug/leg islation/consolidated-act/117.
Ukraine X Constitution of Ukraine, June 28, 1996, art. 25, http://www.president.gov.ua/en /content/chapter02.html.
United Arab Emirates
X Constitution, Dec 2, 1971, art. 38, http://www.uaecabinet.ae/English/UAEGovernment/Pages/ConstitutionOfUAE.aspx.
United Kingdom
X Extradition Act 2003, c. 41, http://www .legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/41/contents.
The Law Library of Congress 41
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
Uruguay X Criminal Code, arts. 13, 14, http://www .parlamento.gub.uy/Codigos/CodigoPenal/l1t1.htm; Code of Criminal Procedure Law 15032/ 1980, art. 32 http://www.parlamento.gub.uy/leyes/AccesoTextoLey.asp?Ley=16893&Anchor (both in Spanish).
Uzbekistan X Code of Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Sept. 22, 1994, art. 603, http://www.parliament.gov.uz /upload/files/laws/UPKODEKS.pdf (in Russian).
Vanuatu The Attorney-General may refuse to extradite a citizen of Vanuatu.
Extradition Act 2002, § 17(2)(d), available at http://www.paclii.org/vu /legis/num_act/ea2002149/.
Venezuela X Political Constitution, 2000, art. 29, http://www.tsj.gov.ve/legislacion/constitucion1999.htm (in Spanish).
Vietnam X Criminal Procedure Code, No. 19/2003/QH11 of Nov. 26, 2003, arts 343 & 344, http://vbqppl.moj.gov.vn /vbpq/en/Lists/Vn%20bn%20php%20lut/View_Detail.aspx?ItemID=8236.
The Law Library of Congress 42
Law on Extradition of Citizens
COUNTRY GENERALLY ALLOW
DENY SPECIAL CASES RELEVANT LAW
Yemen X Constitution of the Republic of Yemen, 2001, art. 45, available at http://www .refworld.org/topic,50ffbce5220,50ffbce522c,3fc4c1e94,0,,,YEM.html.
Zambia Allowed only as specifically provided for in extradition provisions.
Extradition Act of 1968, § 34, 7 LAWS OF ZAMBIA, Cap. 94 (rev. ed. 1995), available at http://www.refworld.org /pdfid/3ae6b4d418.pdf.
Zimbabwe Allowed if the request for extradition is accompanied by “such evidence as would establish a prima facie case in a court of law in Zimbabwe that the person concerned has committed or has been convicted of the offence concerned in the foreign country.”
Extradition Act of 1982, §§ 3, 4 & 6, 1 STATUTE LAW OF ZIMBABWE, Cap. 9:08 (rev. ed. 1996), available at http://www .refworld.org/docid/3ae6b59b4.html.
The Law Library of Congress 43