layanan konsultasi padi (lkp) mendukung pertanian...
TRANSCRIPT
Layanan Konsultasi Padi (LKP) Mendukung Pertanian 4.0
Prof. Dr. Hasil Sembiring Kepala Perwakilan IRRI Indonesia Peneliti Utama Puslitbangtan
Overview
1. Introduction to International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
2. Layanan Konsultasi Padi (LKP)
IRRI aims to
• improve livelihoods • abolish poverty, hunger and
malnutrition • protect the health of rice
farmers and consumers, and the environmental sustainability of rice farming
• promote the empowerment of women
• support opportunities for youth
1. What is IRRI?
IRRI = International Rice Research Institute
Philippines
South Korea China
Cambodia Vietnam
Thailand
Laos
Indonesia
Myanmar India
Bangladesh Nepal
IRRI’s Global Presence
Tanzania
Mozambique
Burundi Kenya
Bhutan
Sri Lanka
Pakistan
• 1200 staff, 36 nationalities
• 600 research and development
partners worldwide
• Working in 14 countries
Varietas yang toleran terhadap perubahan iklim, bergizi, Lingkungan
Climate Smart Agriculture: Stress-tolerant Varieties
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
IR36 Cisadane IR42 Semeru Krueng Aceh IR46 Cisokan
IR64 Ciliwung IR66 Memberamo Way Apo Buru Ciherang Cigeulis
Cibogo Mekongga Inpari 1 Inpari 3 Inpari 6 Inpari 13 Inpari 30
Situbagendit Sidenuk logawa Siam Mutiara Cilamaya Muncul
IR36
Cisadane
IR42
IR64
IR66
Ciherang
Cigeulis
Cibogo
Mekongga
Inpari 13Inpari 30
Situbagendit
Leading IRRI introduced Rice Varieties, Indonesia, 1985-2017
Rice Varieties Released, 2015-2018
7
No Variety Ecosystem
1 Inpari 36 Lanrang IR73434-80-2-3-2 Irrigated
2 Inpari 37 Lanrang BPT146C-49-2-2-1-1 Irrigated
3 INPARI 38 Agritan IR688886B/BP68*10/Selegre
ng/Guarani/Asahan
Rainfed
4 INPARI 39 Agritan
BP342B-MR-1-3/
Dendang//IR69502-6SKM-
UBN-1-B1
Rainfed
5 Inpari 40 Agritan INSIC RC 138 dan IR
123R82571-581-1-2-3-1
Rainfed
6 Inpari 42 Agritan Huanghuazhan GSR Irrigated
7 Inpari 43 Agritan Zhongzu 14 GSR Irrigated
8 Inpari IR Nutri Zinc Harvest Plus Irrigated
• Nutrient management
• Pest and disease diagnosis
• Varietal selection
Climate Smart Agriculture: Decision Support Tools
• 1962-2017 sekitar 1,235 sudah di training di IRRI
• Moving beyond training capacity
• Rice sector development • Drone
• Working with private sector
• Leadership development • IRC2018
IRRI Education
For more info Visit IRRI Web Site
http://irri.org
Webapps.irri.org/id/lkp
2. LKP (Layanan Konsultasi Padi)
Pertanian 4.0 adalah upaya pemanfaatan Teknologi
Informasi dan Komunikasi modern untuk mengelola
usaha pertanian secara efisien sehingga dapat
menunjang pembangunan pertanian sebagai salah satu
cara untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas
produksi pertanian sehingga dapat mengelola pertanian
secara lebih “presisi”.
Pertanian 4.0
Adnan, 2019
• Pengukuran terhadap komponen produksi pertanian
lebih akurat
• Efektifitas dan efisien lebih baik
• pemantauan yang lebih baik terhadap penggunaan
pestisida, pupuk, pemberian nutrisi pada ternak /ikan,
perlindungan dan antisipasi terhadap penyakit, waktu
pemanen bahkan hingga peningkatan efektifitas rantai
pemasaran
• Mengurangi kerusakan lingkungan
• Komoditi pertanian lebih cepat tiba di tangan konsumen
• Dst.
Manfaat Penggunaan IT pada pertanian 4.0
Adnan, 2019
The Challenge: Rice fields in Indonesia
is typically small and variable
Variations among fields
and farmers are common in
• Crop management
• Soil fertility
• Financial resources of
farmers
• Access of farmers to new
technologies
Cost of Production Comparison
360
260
340
120 121
220 210
161
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
US$/mt
Importers Exporters
2013/14 main season crop
18
Subsidi pupuk terus meningkat
Farmers often do not apply nutrients most effectively
Fertilizer is vital for rice production, nearly all rice famers use fertilizer
Landholdings for rice production are often small and variable
But most farmers do not use nutrient best management practices in rice production
Conversion of added nutrient into added yield is low
Collaborative research between IRRI and
IAARD starting from 1995 led to site-specific
nutrient management (SSNM) for rice
Indonesia was one of five initial partners from 1995
Practical Guide
Leaf color chart
TNAU
CLRRI
ICRR
PhilRice PTRRC
21 21
2/18/2019
+NPK +PK +NK +NP
Pupuk Lengkap -N -P -K
Teknik Petak Omisi untuk menduga
kebutuhan tanaman akan pupuk N, P atau K
Note: This files summaries the data available
at IRRI for on-farm omission plots with rice
in Indonesia..\ROLAND\OMISSION
PLOT\Indonesia compiled omission plot data
sep10-1-ZUL.xls
244 Trials with 558
replications in
Indonesia
N fertilizer rates in Java vary greatly among
farmers
High N rates do not ensure high yield
Number of trials = 244
Yield without added P vs yield with full NPK
fertilization illustrates the need for P
Number of trials = 244
Yield without P
was 92% of yield
with full NPK
fertilizer
Application of P
increased yield
by 8% on
average
Yield without added K vs yield with full NPK
fertilization illustrates the need for K
Number of trials = 244
Yield without K
was 91% of yield
with full NPK
fertilizer
Application of K
increased yield
by 9% on
average
26 26 2/18/2019
Kerangka Logis PHSL
1. Mengatur waktu pemberian pupuk
sesuai dengan stadia kritis
pertumbuhan varietas padi
Panen
Pertum-
buhan
Awal Berbu-
nga
Anakan
Aktif
Inisiasi
Malai
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 HST
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 HST
Varietas umur
sedang
Varietas umur
genjah
27 27
2. Mengatur takaran pemberian pupuk
sesuai dengan target hasil terbaik yang
pernah dicapai
Pupuk Pupuk
= =
Pupuk
Gabah Gabah Gabah
=
3. Mengatur takaran pupuk P dan K
berdasarkan informasi sisa tanaman
(cara panen) dan pupuk organik
pabrikan/kompos yang diberikan
28
PHSL recommends application of N
fertilizer at critical rice growth stages
• Apply N at critical growth
stages
• Panicle initiation application is
about 60 days before harvest
• Adjust N based on crop needs
Active tillering and panicle
initiation
Active
tillering Panicle
initiation
Nursery Maturity Heading
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
DAT
• Apply only moderate
amount of N
• Usually apply about
30% of total fertilizer N
Early
Early
A computer-based decision tool was
developed to help extension and farmers
• Uses site-specific nutrient
management (SSNM)
developed through research
• Provides farmers with nutrient
best management matching
conditions in farmer’s fields
• Focuses on increasing income
of farmers by US$ 100 per
hectare per crop
PHSL
K P N S Zn
Nutrient Manager for Rice
PHSL Padi Sawah was
launched in Indonesia by
the Minister of Agriculture
in January 2011
Available at: http://webapps.irri.org/nm/id
Percentage of total fertilizer N applied by
farmers before 20 days after transplanting
Number of farms = 501
PHSL recommends 30%
of N in early application
Percentage of total fertilizer N applied
within 34 to 45 days after transplanting
Number of farms = 501
PHSL recommends
about 35% of N at
panicle initiation
Observations on N fertilizer
management
1. Many rice farmers can use less N fertilizer with no
risk of loss in yield.
2. Many rice farmers apply
• Too much N fertilizer in first 20 days, and
• Too little N fertilizer at panicle initiation.
Observations on P and K fertilizer
for irrigated rice
1. NPK fertilizers with a 1:1 ratio for P2O5:K2O are
generally well suited for irrigated rice
2. K inputs through organic materials and irrigation
water likely help avoid K deficiencies
3. Care is needed to ensure that use of NPK
fertilizers with a high N:P ratio does not risk
excess application of early N fertilizer
P2O5 fertilizer rates in Java also vary among
farmers and are not strongly related to yield
• Tailor principles of ‘precision farming’ to farming
in small landholdings
• Use recent advances in ICT
Our Approach: Use Information and
Communications Technology (ICT) to
deploy optimal nutrient and crop
management practices to farmers
‘Precision farming’ aims to optimize
management to match location-specific needs
1. Observe: Obtain location-
specific information
2. Calculate: Determine
location-specific ‘actionable’
management practices
3. Respond: Implement selected
management practices
How can we adapt and implement precision farming for
small landholdings, which dominate for rice in Asia?
Variable rate technology
Adapt ‘precision farming’ for small
landholdings
1. Observe: Obtain location-
specific information
2. Calculate: Determine
‘actionable’ management
practices
3. Respond: Implement
selected management
practices
2. Calculate:
Determine field-
specific
management
practices
Large landholding
3. Respond: Provide
‘actionable’ advice to
farmer
Printed
guidelines SMS Smartphone
1. Observe: Obtain
field-level
information from
farmer
Small landholding
• Used scientific principles
of site-specific nutrient
management (SSNM)
• Provided a customized
recommendation for a
farmer’s field through
mobile phone or computer
• Aimed to increase income
of farmer by US$100 per
hectare per crop
IRRI with NARS developed Nutrient
Manager for Rice to provide rice farmers
with ‘precise’ fertilizer management
Benefit to farmers of improved nutrient
management with Nutrient Manager for Rice
Access PHSL and Crop Manager through web
browser: cropmanager.irri.org
Use browser
on smartphone
or Tab
Use Chrome or
Firefox on
computer
Click to open
Rice Agro-advisory Service / Layanan Konsultasi Padi
was an upgrade of PHSL to an ICT-based
Rice Crop Manager
The upgrade includes:
• Updates in nutrient
management identified
through research as
reported in this
presentation
• Best rice management
practices
Layanan Konsultasi Padi Indonesia
was launched in February 2015
LKP: Match recommendations to field- and
farmer-specific needs and conditions
Use legowo to
increase productivity
Use
submergence-
tolerant varieties
in flood-prone fields
Use brown
planthopper-
resistant varieties
in endemic areas
No early spray of
insecticide with
synchronized planting
Use PHSL guidelines
for fertilizer
(LKP replaces PHSL)
Cover seedbed with insect
net to reduce stemborer risk
(Include PHSL, ICM, and IPM)
Layanan Konsultasi Padi (LKP)
• Uses results of research and knowledge within ICM to
provide farmers in irrigated, rainfed lowland, and tidal
swamp areas with ‘precise’ field- and farmer-specific
recommendations
• Uses advances in information and communications
technology (ICT) to provide professional extension
and advisory services.
Benefits of LKP
• Optimize input use
• Reduce pests and disease
• Increase income
• Increase yields
Additional services that could be later
included into LKP from 2016 onward
Provide extension workers with
• Information on the farming practices and needs of
farmers and farmer groups in their ‘service area’
• Access to recent information on improved rice
farming practices and technologies
• Ability to verify size and location of farmer’s fields by
GPS
Provide the Ministry of Agriculture through IAARD with
• Real-time information on LKP use by location (district,
sub district), extension worker, and farmer group
• Reports on farming practices of farmers receiving LKP
recommendations
• Calculate total fertilizer need for rice at every district
and season.
Real-time reporting to the Ministry of
Agriculture can be customized
Reports on farming practices of users
• Rice environments (irrigated, rainfed, tidal
swamp)
• Variety by sub district
• Crop establishment method
• Use of machines (mechanical transplanter,
combine harvester)
• Land area covered
• Fertilizer requirement
• Uptake of recommendations
Reports on usage, accessed from web site
• Use by district and sub district
•Use by extension worker and farmer groups
Expected benefits from wide-scale
use of LKP
• Rice farmers and farmer groups will receive advice on
‘precise’ location-specific practices for producing rice
• More rice will be produced with reduced pests and
disease and more optimal use of inputs, including
fertilizers and pesticides
• Farmers will increase income from rice production
• Extension services will use new ICT tools to better
serve farmers
• Information on new varieties and new technologies for
rice will reach farmers faster
• Ketik http://webapps.irri.org/id/lkp/ di Google atau Crome
• Kemudian klik LKP ID Versi 1.0 Crop Manager-IRRI
Bagaimana Install Komputer/Hp ?
• Siap digunakan membuat rekomendasi dengan mengisi sejumlah pertanyaan
• Rekomendasi akan keluar dan dapat di print
• Copy ke screen utk Layar
Bagaimana Install Komputer/Hp ?
Install LKP di Smartphone
• Cobakan di lapangan • Kalau tak percaya? • Buat demplot kecil dan
bandingkan dengan praktek petani
• Catat hasilnya dan bahas dengan petani tentang keuntungan rekomendasi
Setelah mendengar LKP apa?
• Penggunaan teknologi yang spesifik lokasi (LKP) dapat meningkatkan efisiensi, mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan dan Keren!!
PENUTUP
