Layered Protocol

2

Types of Networks by Logical Connectivity Peer to Peer and Client-Server Peer-to-peer Networks

Every computer can communicate directly with every other computer

By default, no computer has more authority than another

Every computer is capable of sending and receiving information to and from every other computer

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Peer-to-peer Networks

Figure 1-1: Resource sharing on a simple peer-to-peer network

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Type of Networks

Client/Server Server: central computer used to facilitate communication

and resource sharing between other computers on the network (called clients)

Client/server network: uses a server to enable clients to share data, data storage space, and devices

To function as a server, a computer must be running a network operating system (NOS)

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Client/Server Networks (continued)

Figure 1-2: Resource sharing on a client/server network

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Client/Server Networks

Advantages of using client/server networks over peer-to-peer networks:User logon accounts and passwords can be

assigned in one placeAccess to multiple shared resources can be

centrally granted to a single user or groups of usersProblems can be tracked, diagnosed, and often

fixed from one location

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Client/Server Networks

Advantages of using client/server networks over peer-to-peer networks (continued):Servers are optimized to handle heavy processing

loads and dedicated to handling requests from clients, enabling faster response time

Because of their efficient processing and larger disk storage, servers can connect more than a handful of computers on a network

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Network Classification by Area

PAN (Personal Area Network) Local area network (LAN): confined to a relatively

small space, such as a building or an office Metropolitan area network (MAN): larger than a LAN;

connects clients and servers from multiple buildings Wide area network (WAN): connects two or more

geographically distinct LANs or MANs

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LANs, MANs, and WANs

Figure 1-4: A simple WAN

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Network Topology

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What is Communication

Agree on the method usedMay have to agree on the language usedCommunication is successful when the message already received and confirmed

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Protocols

Driving Force: need for different proprietary networking system to communicate

Protocol: set of rules for acceptable behaviour to enable communication

Specifically: the set of rules used by communicating parties for that

communication to be successful Suite of protocols cover all required behaviour Mostly implemented in software Complexity demands that protocols are ‘layered’

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ISO/OSI Reference Model

ISO in 1984Open Systems Interconnect (OSI)A design guideline for network layeringAbstract layers provide different servicesDefines 7 layers of serviceEach layer provides service to adjacent layersEach layer communicates with same layer in remote

machine.

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OSI Reference Model

Physical Layer

Link Layer

Network Layer

Transport Layer

Session Layer

Presentation Layer

Application Layer

Physical Layer

Link Layer

Network Layer

Transport Layer

Session Layer

Presentation Layer

Application Layer

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OSI Model

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OSI Layers

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OSI Layers

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OSI Layers

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OSI Layers

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OSI Layers

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OSI Layers

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OSI Layers

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TCP/IP Model

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Data Encapsulation

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Data Encapsulation

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OSI Layer vs. TCP/IP Layer

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IP

TCP UDP

FTP – File Transfer ProtocolHTTP – Hypertext Transfer ProtocolWAP – Wireless Application ProtocolSMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

e.g. IEEE 802.x1-2

4

5-7

3

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Packet Tracer

Example of packet data unit (PDU) in layered network

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Movie

GoodWarriors

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Quiz

What are the differences between Circuit switching and packet switching Connection oriented and connectionless oriented

Protocols What are they? Why do we layer protocols?

ISO/OSI – 7 layer reference model How does the OSI abstract services? How does TCP/IP stack relate to OSI?

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Topik

IM & SIP protocol Dhcp & e-mail protocol p2p protocol ipv6 & packettracer Vlan rip & ospf Ns2, contoh aplikasi omnet++, contoh aplikasi