Federal Democratic Republic of EthiopiaMinistry of Education

Amhara National Regional StateTVET Bureau

Ethiopian TVET-System

Laying Paving Level

Learning Guide #1

Unit of Competence: Lay PavingModule Title: Lay PavingLG Code: CON ICW1 11 0610TTLM Code: CON ICW1 M11 0111

LO1: Plan and Prepare

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Introduction LO1- Plan and Prepare

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the following content coverage and topics –

Plan and prepare Set out work area Lay Paving Clean Up Work Area

This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to –

Checking how trainees plan and prepared paving materials , tools and equipments

Checking OHS requirement and environmental plans and regulatory obligatiolna and applied..

Checking set out work area dimensions from plans and specification, positioned in accordance with regulatory requirements, plants and specifications and mortar for masonry paving based on specifications and standards.

Checking lay paving based on the specifications and standards.

Checking work area is cleared and materials disposed or recycled and tools and equipments cleaned ,maintained and stored in accordance with manufacturers’ recommendations and standard work practices.

Learning Activities

1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide. 2. Read the information written in the “Information Sheet 1”. 3. Accomplish the “Self-check 1” in page 5. 4. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation, proceed to “Operation Sheet 1”. However, if

your rating is unsatisfactory, see your teacher for further instructions. 5. Read the “Operation Sheet 1” and try to understand the procedures discussed. 6. Submit your accomplished Self-check 1. This will form part of your training portfolio. 7. Read the “Operation Sheet 2” and try to understand the procedures discussed. 8. Accomplish the “Self-check 2” in page 12. 9. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation proceed to LAP Test. However, if your rating is unsatisfactory, see your teacher for further instructions.10. Submit your accomplished Self-check 2. This will form part of your training portfolio.11 Do the “LAP test” in page 13 (if you are ready) and show your output to your teacher.

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Amhara National Regional StateTraining, Teaching and Learning Materials*Your teacher will evaluate your output either satisfactory or unsatisfactory. If unsatisfactory, your teacher shall advice you on additional work. But if satisfactory you can proceed to the next topic.

Information Sheet Plan and Prepare

The anatomy of an installation. Note that the depths may vary depending on the project and your soil.

Make a plan. A good plan is essential to a successful paver project. Think about where you want your path, driveway, or patio, and then use graph paper to make a scaled drawing of the immediate area. Draw in your paver project. You'll have to play around with your design a bit, so be sure to use pencil and keep your drawing neat. Your project will need to have adequate drainage if you want it to be safe and durable. You'll also want to make sure that it slopes away from your house and other structures. To ensure adequate drainage, you should have a slope of at least 1/8" per linear foot (1/4" slope per linear foot is often recommended).

Modular Platforms & StairPre-Engineered for Unlimited Configurations. SA distributor.

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Amhara National Regional StateTraining, Teaching and Learning MaterialsEven simple, monotonous paving projects can look great. You can do a lot more with pavers, though, so consider making patterns or unusual shapes.

Order your materials. You have a lot of choices in the pavers you use. Most are brick or concrete, but you can find a variety of sizes, shapes, and colors. Find a style that is to your liking and that fits your budget either online or at your local builders supply store.

In general, if your project area isn't too irregularly shaped, you can safely calculate how many pavers you need by simply measuring the square footage of the footprint and adding 5 percent. If your design has a lot of curves, get an extra 10% over your best square footage estimate. You should order a bit extra because you'll almost certainly end up having to cut some of the pavers to get the right fit. The fancier your outline, the more pavers you'll have to cut.

Safety (OHS) is to be in accordance with legislation, regulations, codes of practice, organisational safety policies and procedures, and project safety plan and may include:

emergency procedures, including extinguishing fires, organisational first aid requirements and evacuation

handling of materials hazard control hazardous materials and substances safe operating procedures, including the conduct of operational risk assessment and treatments

associated with:o earth leakage boxeso lightingo personnelo power cables, including overhead service trays, cables and conduitso restricted access barrierso surrounding structureso traffic controlo trip hazardso work site visitors and the publico working at heightso working in confined spaceso working with dangerous materials

organisational first aid personal protective clothing and equipment prescribed under legislation, regulations and

workplace policies and practices use of firefighting equipment use of tools and equipment workplace environment and safety.

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Amhara National Regional StateTraining, Teaching and Learning MaterialsTools and equipment include:

banders hammers pallets pinch bars tin snips wheelbarrows.

Quality requirements include relevant regulations, including:

Australian standards internal company quality policy and standards manufacturer specifications, where specified workplace operations and procedures.

Materials include:

bricks and concrete masonry units concrete components glass insulation joinery units metal sheeting paints and sealants plaster or fibre cement sheeting reconstituted timber products reinforcement materials scaffolding components structural steel sections and components timber.

Environmental requirements include:

clean-up protection noise and dust waste management.

Statutory and regulatory authorities include:

federal, state and local authorities administering applicable Acts, regulations and codes of practice.

Handling includes:

handling activities may require assistance of others where size or weight is a factor

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manual handling, which includes using pallets, carrying materials using correct lifting techniques and control of waste

preparing for mechanical handling, which includes forklifts, pallet jacks and trucks procedures such as MSDS, calculating quantities, and stacking and storing of materials.

Protected includes:

correct handling and stacking techniques without damaging the material protecting with covers.

Hazardous materials include:

coatings glues inflammable materials solvents.

Non-toxic materials include:

general carpentry materials with appropriate labelling.

Dust suppression includes:

keeping dust in the air to a minimum.

1. Tools and Equipments

Objective: At the end of the topic, the trainee’s should be able to

• Identify working tools and equipments

• Name their appropriate use

• Explain how to handle tools and equipments with extra care

There are several type tools used by a Mason. Hand tools, in general, ease the work and

accelerates the process, improves quality of work significantly and they are very important for

everybody who wants to do decent work so that keep tools in perfect order. In addition tools

and equipment also represents highly valued assets. For this reasons

it is crucial necessary to handle tools and equipment with extra care. That means cleaning

after use, storing neatly, slightly greasing if necessary and regular maintenance.

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1.1 Measuring and Levelling Hand Tools

Measuring Hand tools and instruments are precise devices but needed to be handled with

extra care, e.g. Spirit level should be checked every day before use!

Spirit level

It is used to control the horizontal and vertical alignment of wall surface and edges. The length

is at least 80 to 120cm long. It is made of metal, synthetic material or wood. It has two

measuring bubbles: one is located at mid length is used to check horizontal positions. While

the second one, at the end, is used to check vertical position. This tool requires always to be

handled with care and needs to be checked from time to time weather it is still working

accurate or not.

Spirit level

Plumb bob

A plum bob is made of metal. When suspended from a vertically

attached string, it is employed to check the vertical alignment of

corners and surface of walls. A freely hanging plumb bob gives

exactly the vertical alignment, because any

Alignment string /masons’ line/

Alignment string /mason line/, sometimes called, Fish line, is a rope used to

transfer horizontal & vertical alignments or lines, i.e., use to mark base line on

the floor or vertical point alignments of wall. In other wards, it is used to align the

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Carefully handled hand tools are safe tools!

Amhara National Regional StateTraining, Teaching and Learning Materialswalling blocks, (stone, bricks, concrete blocks, hydra form etc). It is available in different

thickness & sizes in the market.

Mason line/alignment string

Graphite Pencil

This is used for marking in wall construction. It is specially produced

for this purpose in such a way that it will not wear out fast.

Graphite pencil

Folding meter/rule-2/

For measuring length in wall construction, it is convenient to

use rigid scales. Such a measuring scale/ folding rule/ is

made of 20cm separate wooden pieces joined together by

pins. The scale has subdivisions in cm and mm.

Folding meter

Hose level

It is a transparent PVC hose. It is used to transfer or mark vertical levels on

surface of wall when it is filled with water, but without any air bubbles. The water

level in each end of the hose is equal. It is an instrument to mark equal levels on

site. It is very accurate but not eases to handle.

Straight edge/Level/

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Amhara National Regional StateTraining, Teaching and Learning MaterialsThis is a perfectly straight metal/aluminum/ with all long and short edges parallel to its

centerline. It is employed to check straight alignments of walls.

Straight edge

Its length ranges from 2m up to 4m. Together with the sprit level, it can be used to bridge over

the point to be checked. A straight edge/Level/ can also be made from a wooden plank with

perfectly parallel edges.

Angle / Try square

It is used to measure a right angle (90º) of a corner. Used in laying

masonry units or blocks at corners of masonry wall.

Try square

Measuring tape

Tape is used to measure dimensions of building parts and distances

in site. It is manufactured from steel, plastic or fiber in lengths of 1m,

2m, 3m, 5m, 30m, 50m and etc... In using tapes for measurements,

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Amhara National Regional StateTraining, Teaching and Learning Materialsthe two points should be aligned perfectly. In addition, when long horizontal measurements are

needed, care should be taken to avoid sag on the tape meters.

1.2 Mason tools

Block laying trowel

This is a tool, which every mason needs. Used for picking up

mortar out of the barrel, spreading mortar on the wall, bed

joints and cutting off excess mortar. In addition to the picture

shown, a Triangular and rectangular trowel are also used by

the mason.

Walling Hammer/Mason hammer/

Walling Hammers are used especially to knock of parts of walling

unit blocks, /brick, concrete blocks etc/. The hammer weighs about

half a kilogram and is made of steel. It has a wooden handle, which

should always fit, firmly to the hole in the head. The flat part of the

hammer at one of its end is called cutting edge/use to cut bricks or

concrete blocks/ and the square head of the hammer on the other

end is called striking face which is used to strike laid stones. The

hammer must be formed in a kind that the cutting edge and central line of the hammerhead lay

in a circular arc.

Club hammer and bolster

Is used to strike marrow – headed chisels and brick set or for driving stakes into the ground.

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Cutting bricks with bolster and hammer

Chisel

Used to cut concrete blocks, bricks, plaster surface and to remove mortar projections etc. Cold

chisels are available in different sizes and shapes. The operation is done together with a club

hammer.

Pointed Chisel

Flat chisel

Mortar barrel/ drum

This is used by mason, plasterer, tiller, etc, and serves to prepare

small amount of mortar right at the working place. It is also used as

temporary mortar storage, supplied from mixing station, and to control

water ratio of the mix when it gets dry. Always, keep it workable and

clean.

Mortar spade

Mortar spade is used to stir the mortar paste, prepared in the barrel or drum and keeps the mix

to right and uniform consistency.

Bucket

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Amhara National Regional StateTraining, Teaching and Learning MaterialsA Bucket is used to serve small amount of water or material and to take the tools after work.

Brush

Is used for wetting the building stones, cleaning fresh mortar joints of masonry

wall, to clean hand tools before and after use and to clean dust on surfaces.

Brush

1.3 Equipment/Machinery

Concrete/ Mortar Mixer

Concrete mixers are available in from of different capacities. Small

mixers can produce 250Lit of mortar or concrete and the big ones

produces more and more, up to 6000Lit. widely used, small mixers

up to a capacity of 1000Lit. Mixers are driven with diesel, benzene

engine or electrical power.

They can be distinguished into free-fall, or gravity mixer consists

from a rotating drum with metal blades inside compulsory mixer,

here is the drum fixed and the blades alone are rotating.

Advantages of Mixers:

In case where a large quantity of mortar or concrete is to be produced, hand mix becomes

costly even if the labour is cheap. Hence machine mixing becomes essential and the mix

(mortar or Concrete) can be thus being produced at faster rate, at a lesser cost and of better

quality.

Wheelbarrow

Wheelbarrow is used to dispose disposal materials from working place, to transport or serve

materials and tools during construction activities in the site.

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Amhara National Regional StateTraining, Teaching and Learning MaterialsIt is the most efficient way in transporting materials or items. ; In comparison to a barilla,

(commonly used in the country), a wheelbarrow is much more efficient.

For this reason, it is operated by one person and can be carried up to

100 kg at once. So that it saves operation cost; it is time effective and

therefore in general.

W

heel barrow /85Lit.

Excavation machines

a) Bulldozer, b) Mechanical shovel, c) Backacter,

d) Dump truck, e) Mechanical auger, f) pneumatic drill g) Tipper truck

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2. Measurement and conversion

In road works technical personnel are often confronted with situations where a basic

Knowledge of mathematics becomes necessary. These include: setting out of vertical and

horizontal alignments, detailed setting out of work tasks, calculation of earth volumes, and

calculation of areas e.g. for clearing, calculation of equipment performance rates, estimation of

performance rates for labour, calculation of masonry and concrete work, and many more.

World wide the metric system is the universal system of measurements (System International

= SI) with standard units for length, weight, time, temperature, etc. A

Conversion table with the most common units is provided at the end of this module.

2.1 LENGTHS

Definition = the standard unit for length is the meter (m). For shorter lengths centimeter

(1m = 100cm) is used which is again subdivided into millimeters (1cm = 10mm),for longer

Distances however, kilometer (1000m = 1km) is used.

Conversion:

2.2 AREAS

Definition = 1m2 is the area of a square having sides whose length is 1m. Consequently

Every unit of length can be converted into an area if it is multiplied by itself.

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Relationship between the various units or areas

Note: to convert the area to one unit higher multiply it by 100 and from a higher to a lower unit

divide it by 100 as shown above.

Note: a practical example of area, volume and slope calculation is shown at the end of this

module

2.3 VOLUMES

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Amhara National Regional StateTraining, Teaching and Learning MaterialsDefinition = 1m3 is the volume of a cube where each side is 1m. Volumes are calculated by

multiplying a base area (e.g. m2) with a third dimension.

WEIGHT AND CAPACITY

Weight:

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Amhara National Regional StateTraining, Teaching and Learning MaterialsDefinition = 1 kilogram (kg) is the weight of one cubic decimeter (dm3) or one liter

of water at a temperature of 4° C. Other units commonly used in construction are:

gram (g) and tone (t).

Capacity:Definition = 1 litter of water is the volume of water contained in one cubic decimeter (dm3) at 4°C.

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2.4 Basic Trigonometric Formula

Pythagoras formula a2+b2 = c2

Sin θ = cosec θ =

cos θ = sec θ =

tan θ = = cot θ =

For any triangle

Cosine law

a2 = b2+ c2 – 2 *b *c * cos A b2 = a2+ c2 – 2 *a *c * cos B c2 = a2+ b2 – 2 *a*b * cos C Sine law

= =

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Area (A) = ½ b*c* sin A

Self Check 1 Written Test

Name: ______________________________________ Date:__________________________

Time Started: _______________________________ Time Finished: _________________

Required Duration: 2 hours

TEST I : Enumeration.

1-16 Laying Tools17-20 Laying Equipment

TEST II : Essay (5points each)

1. What are the advantages of using Mixer?2. Discuss the difference between tri square to rafter or framing square?

Your teacher will evaluate your output either satisfactory or unsatisfactory. If unsatisfactory, your teacher shall advice you on additional work. But if satisfactory, you can proceed to the next topic.

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Information Sheet 2 Set out Work Area

Outline the project area. Use string or garden hose to outline your project. Drive stakes to hold the outline in place and to make clean corners.

Scope your slope. To avoid water pooling on your pavers, they should be slightly above the surface of the surrounding ground at all points. Thus, when planning the slope, begin what will be the highest point (typically the point at the bottom of the front door or otherwise closest to the house).

Drive a stake at the high point, and mark the correct height where the pavers will meet the door or structure. Tie a string around the stake at that height.

Drive a stake (if there isn't already one) at the outer boundary of your project. This will be your lowest point. Attach a line level to your string and then tie the loose end of the string around the outer stake at the height at which the line level tells you the entire string is level. Now from that line move down the stake at least 1/8" per linear foot (e.g. if it is 8 feet from your front door to the outer edge of your patio, move down the stake 1"), and draw a new line. Move your string down to this line. String cross-lines down the length of the project to ensure you mark the correct depth across the entire project.If your project area has a variety of slopes, or if your design is irregular, you'll need to repeat this process in several points. It is absolutely critical that you get the slope right, so the more stakes, the better.

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Measure the depth of your excavation frequently. Measure from the line, not from the surface of the ground.

Excavate the installation area. Spaces which will be exposed only to foot traffic generally need 4-6" of base material, while driveways or projects in very wet soil may need as much as 12" of base. Figure out how deep your base will need to be (consult the manufacturer or your building supply store), and add about 1-1.5" for the sand layer, plus the thickness of the pavers (this varies by brand and style but is typically 2 3/8" or 3 1/8"). The sum of the depth of the base, the sand, and the pavers will be how deep you need to excavate your project area. Be sure to excavate 6-12" beyond the boundaries of the project to give you ample space to install your edge restraints.

Measure the depth of your excavation from the string you used to track your slope, not from the surface of the ground.

Outline the project area. Use string or garden hose to outline your project. Drive stakes to hold the outline in place and to make clean corners.

Scope your slope. To avoid water pooling on your pavers, they should be slightly above the surface of the surrounding ground at all points. Thus, when planning the slope, begin what will be the highest point (typically the point at the bottom of the front door or otherwise closest to the house).

Drive a stake at the high point, and mark the correct height where the pavers will meet the door or structure. Tie a string around the stake at that height. Developed by: Teacher’s Name, Position Date: Current Date Page 22 of 41

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Drive a stake (if there isn't already one) at the outer boundary of your project. This will be your lowest point. Attach a line level to your string and then tie the loose end of the string around the outer stake at the height at which the line level tells you the entire string is level. Now from that line move down the stake at least 1/8" per linear foot (e.g. if it is 8 feet from your front door to the outer edge of your patio, move down the stake 1"), and draw a new line. Move your string down to this line. String cross-lines down the length of the project to ensure you mark the correct depth across the entire project.

If your project area has a variety of slopes, or if your design is irregular, you'll need to repeat this process in several points. It is absolutely critical that you get the slope right, so the more stakes, the better.

Measure the depth of your excavation frequently. Measure from the line, not from the surface of the ground.

Excavate the installation area. Spaces which will be exposed only to foot traffic generally need 4-6" of base material, while driveways or projects in very wet soil may need as much as 12" of base. Figure out how deep your base will need to be (consult the manufacturer or your building supply store), and add about 1-1.5" for the sand layer, plus the thickness of the pavers (this varies by brand and style but is typically 2 3/8" or 3 1/8"). The sum of the depth of the base, the sand, and the pavers will be how deep you need to excavate your project area. Be sure to excavate 6-12" beyond the boundaries of the project to give you ample space to install your edge restraints.

Self Check 2 Written Test Developed by: Teacher’s Name, Position Date: Current Date Page 23 of 41

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Name: ______________________________________ Date: ______________

Time started: _______________________________ Time finished: _______________

Required Duration: 2 hours

TEST I : Enumeration

1. 1-10 Laying Materials for lay-outing/set-up laying paving

TEST II – ESSAY (5 points each)

1. What is the difference between the random layout and to custom layout and how? 2. Differentiate stone paving to slate paving.

Your teacher will evaluate your output either satisfactory or unsatisfactory. If unsatisfactory, your teacher shall advice you on additional work. But if satisfactory, you can proceed to the next topic.

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Information Sheet 3 Lay Paving

How to Install Pavers

Looking to give your property a durable driveway, a whimsical walkway, or a patio with pizazz? If you're reading this article, you're probably already on the right track. Concrete or brick paving stones can help any yard look its best. They're versatile, long-lasting, and you can customize your design to be as dramatic or as low-key as you want. They're even a cinch to install! Well, kind of. Installing pavers correctly requires patience, planning, and elbow grease, but you can do it and save yourself some money in the process.

Measure the depth of your excavation from the string you used to track your slope, not from the surface of the ground.

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Use a plate compactor to compact the base.

Lay the base. The base material is usually coarse, crushed stone with sharp irregular edges. Add no more than 2" at a time to the entire excavated area, and then compact it with a hand tamper (for very small projects) or a plate compactor. It's essential that the base be well-compacted.

Repeat this process until you have a base of the correct depth. Now is your last chance to properly adjust the height of the finished project and to ensure you don't have any dips or bumps. Slightly increase or decrease the thickness of the base as necessary, taking frequent measurements from your strings to the base. Laying the base outside the boundaries of the project will make your project more stable.

Install the edge restraints and secure them with landscaping spikes.

Install the edge restraints. Edge restraints will help hold the shape of your project over the years. Place these restraints, usually made of plastic, aluminum, or steel, around the perimeter of the project and secure them into the ground with 12" spikes. If your design is irregularly shaped, you'll need to cut the restraints in order to follow the edges of your design.

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Screed the sand until you have a smooth, even layer.

Put down a layer of sand. The sand is the glue that holds your pavers in place. Use coarse sand and screed it smooth to a uniform depth of 1-1.5"--no more. If your project is large, lay down 1" screed pipes and then pour the sand in between the pipes, screeding the sand in small sections (50-100 square feet each). Remove the pipes and then fill in the gaps with more sand.

Lay the pavers. Actually laying pavers is easy compared to all the work you've just done. Begin laying pavers at a 90-degree corner, preferably one that abuts the house or another structure. Work out from there, keeping your pavers in straight lines. Lay pavers by placing them straight down in the sand--do not slide them along the ground or kick them into place and disturb the sand. Slide each paver straight down the edge of the adjacent paver. Don't worry about gaps: you generally want to leave a 1/16" to 1/8" gap between pavers. Periodically check to make sure the pavers are level, and use a string to check each row for straightness.

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Lay the pavers working out from one corner. Keep your lines straight, and work from on top of the pavers you have already installed.

You'll almost invariably need to cut some pavers to fit the edges. Don't try to curve your pavers to fit the edging. Instead, lay all the whole pavers you can in each row and then go back and cut pavers to the correct sizes to fit the edge. Use a masonry saw or a guillotine-style splitter to make good, clean cuts.

Do not step on your prepared sand. Stand on the pavers you have already installed and work your way out. Don't get too close to the edge of the pavers you've installed, or you might disturb the sand in front of them.

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Use the plate compactor to set the pavers in place.

Use a plate compactor to tamp the pavers into the sand. Once all the pavers are installed, run the plate compactor over them to ensure they are snuggly pressed into the sand.

Dump sand liberally over the installed pavers and sweep it into the joints until all the cracks are filled.

Sweep sand into the joints. Fill the joints between pavers with coarse sand like you used earlier, or use slightly finer sand. Pour it onto the pavers and sweep it into the cracks until they are completely filled. This sand "locks" the pavers in place. Make sure the sand is dry.

Seal your pavers. For added durability and lower maintenance, seal the pavers with an appropriate sealing product. This will keep the sand between the joints in place and help prevent weed growth.

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Tips

These are general guidelines only. Check your paver manufacturer's recommendations before laying pavers.

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Amhara National Regional StateTraining, Teaching and Learning MaterialsIf you have sandy soil, you may be able to mix 1 94-pound bag of Portland cement into each 30 square feet of your soil as a base. Do this only if you're installing a walkway or patio that will receive only foot traffic.

Clay soil can be particularly shifty over time. You can add stability to your project by covering the bottom and sides of the excavation with a geotextile layer before you add your base.

Spray your base gravel lightly with water to moisten it. This will make it easier to compact the base correctly.

In southern climates not subject to freeze thaw, a concrete toe can be added instead of using edge restraints. This is not recommended for driveways in any climate.In southern climates not subject to freeze thaw, a concrete toe can be used in place of edge restraints, and for some projects, such as driveways, a toe is not preferred. Install the toe after you have already installed the pavers.

Check out How to Install Paving Stones Video Also instead of using a concrete toe, you can place wet portland and base mixed together under the border pavers. For instance: you are using a 6"x9" paver as a soldier border for a driveway. You excavate out the compacted base the entire length under the border, mix in portland and water. Then set it back in the area. Place the soldier paver back into the wet concrete mix and hammer back to level.You have basically just created a 9" wide concrete beam that is not visible to the viewer. If it does crack, it is rare that a 9" wide concrete beam buried below grade would move.

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Warnings

Always check with your local utility company before doing any excavating. Remember, hitting a power line can result in injury or death.Exercise caution when using tools, such as a plate compactor and saw. Follow the manufacturer's instructions and heed all safety warnings. Be sure to wear safety glasses when cutting pavers.

Laying Paving Operation Sheet

1. Clean the area .

2. Measure the depth of your excavation from the string you used to track your slope, not from the surface of the ground.

3. Install the edge restraints and secure them with landscaping spikes.

4. Screed the sand until you has a smooth, even layer.

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5. Lay the pavers working out from one corner. Keep your lines straight, and work from on top of the pavers you have already installed.

6. Use the plate compactor to set the pavers in place.

7. Dump sand liberally over the installed pavers and sweep it into the joints until all the cracks are filled.

8. Spray your base gravel lightly with water to moisten it. This will make it easier to compact the base correctly.

Information Sheet 4 Clean Up Work Area

Cleaning

We suggest the best method of cleaning is to wash down with a hose pipe. Use a high pressure water jet if a more intensive clean is required being careful not to get too close with the nozzle as too much water pressure can damage the stone. Take care not to wash out the aggregate or pointing that may be in the joints. We do not recommend the use of acid based cleaners due to their invasive actions. Discoloration may occur with the use of some patio and brick cleaners

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Amhara National Regional StateTraining, Teaching and Learning MaterialsLay Paving Cleanup

Remodeling a building, office space or a residential home can necessitate hiring a construction cleanup crew to get rid of all the excess debris, dirt or dust. Contractors have deadlines to meet, clients to make happy and property to sell, which is why many builders and contractors decide to hire a third party to assist with cleanup.

Types of Cleanup

There are several different phases of construction cleanup for companies to undergo at a site. The first step is a rough clean, where the cleaning crew cleans the site after the plumbing, framing and electrical systems have been installed, removing large debris and trash. This allows subcontractors to work on flooring, painting and cabinetry. The next phase of construction cleanup is after the prep work, when installation of appliances, fixtures and windows has been completed. The crew provides a thorough cleaning of the site including some of these common cleanup tasks:

Removing dust from duct work, vents or other hard-to-reach areas Sanitizing all areas affected by the construction Washing and polishing all surfaces including windows, countertops and desk space Cleaning and vacuuming of floors Removing all large pieces of debris

The final phase of cleanup occurs at the end of the project. This is done after all subcontractors have finished their work. The construction cleanup crew comes in to complete all touch-ups and to ensure that the building is presentable, whether a company or family is moving in or whether the building is going up for sale. The crew signs off on a form stating that all work is complete and no additional work is required.

According to Blue Chip Building Maintenance, a company that provides construction cleanup services, business owners can consult with the cleaning company to learn what they can do to keep the building clean. They also may be able to hire the cleaning company after the project is completed in order to perform ongoing maintenance.

Recycling Lay Paving Clean Up

There is a separate type of construction cleanup company that works to salvage recyclable materials. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the United States produced nearly 160 million tons of building-related materials from construction and demolition in 2003, the most recent date for which data is available. Of these materials, the EPA estimates that only 40 percent were recycled, reused or sent to waste-

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Amhara National Regional StateTraining, Teaching and Learning Materialsto-energy facilities. The other 60 percent were sent to landfills.

With any large remodel or renovation, there are a lot of materials that need to be disposed of, and environmentally friendly construction cleanup companies work to recycle and reuse the artifacts. Whether it is unwanted landscaping, wood scraps, masonry or unwanted fixtures, there are businesses that can benefit from or reuse these items. However, it's important to note that certain materials cannot be recycled, such as toxic waste. Examples of toxic waste from a construction cleanup project include anything covered in lead-based paint and walls containing asbestos. These materials should be disposed of according to local regulations.

You want to build a retaining wall or cement a path but need the stuff to bring it all together. Although the science is easy, it may be physically demanding. The components themselves are heavy and adding water makes them heavier. Follow these steps to make the perfect mortar for your project.

Self Check 3&4 Written Test

Name: ______________________________________ Date: ______________

Time started: _______________________________ Time finished: _______________

Required Duration: 2 hours

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Amhara National Regional StateTraining, Teaching and Learning Materials

TEST I : Essay (10 points each)

9. Explain the procedure on how to lay pavers?10. Discuss the procedure on how to apply clean up in working area?

TRAINING PLAN

I Course Outline : Laying Paving, Bricks and Blocks

II Course Level : Level 2

III Course Description :

This training program is designed to fill- in the Knowledge, Skills and Work attitude and upgrade the TVET trainers in the Amhara Regions particularly the C–Level Constructions trainers. The training program will inculcate and advocate job creations with the MSEs

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Amhara National Regional StateTraining, Teaching and Learning Materials

through improved the quality demonstration of competence in producing quality product. The training approach would be a project based training which have the expectation of concrete output in terms of product at the end of training.

The Tvet Trainers must be developed in their KSA competence relating their experience and exercises in the (4) packages of the industry extension service being initiated by the Federal TVET Agency.

The training must be enlightened on the entrepreneurship, technical competence and technology accumulation transfer, as well as the practice as habit through kaizen and 5S.

The Training program will cover 30 % theory and 70 % practical skills. It is a hands-on-oriented type of program which will provide participant’s ample opportunities to apply the knowledge skills and work attitude acquired from lectures, video presentation and demonstration.

The contents of the program are derived from the knowledge/skills analysis in the field of steel structure fabrication.

IV Course Objectives:

Upon completion of this course, the participants will be able to:

Prepare materials for masonry

Identifying, selecting and using hand and power tools.

Identifying, selecting and using plants and equipments.

Set-out work area.

Perform laying paving.

Setting out and positioning edge boards

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Amhara National Regional StateTraining, Teaching and Learning Materials

Grading paving surface

Cutting and laying paving segments

Joining paving segments

Completing finishing joints

Maintaining finished level

Implement full application of 5S and kaizen in the workshop.

Apply safety practices in the workshop.

Manage wastage of materials.

V Course Contents:

Set-out work area.

Perform laying paving.

Setting out and positioning edge boards

Compacting base material.

Grading paving surface

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Amhara National Regional StateTraining, Teaching and Learning Materials

Cutting and laying paving segments

Joining paving segments

Completing finishing joints

Maintaining finished level

VI Training Schedule:

The training will commence at 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. with one hour lunch Break and (15) minutes break for snacks in the morning and afternoon. It is a 2,304 Hour’s 48 working days covering Monday to Saturday.

VII Target Participants:

A maximum of 25 participants is highly recommended to ensure an ideal and Effective learning situation. The participants should have the following entry Requirements.

1. Formally indorse by respective Tvet institution in the regions.

2. With good moral character

3. Physically and mentally fit

4. Willing to learn in the field of Masonry process

5. Can communicate both oral and written English.

6. Currently teaching masonry in their respective institution.

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Amhara National Regional StateTraining, Teaching and Learning Materials

VIII Resource Person

One (1) Filipino technical expert in the field of construction management as trainer.

One (1) Ethiopian Expert with full knowledge in the field of masonry.

Representative from TVET bureau Agency.

IX Training Venue

Training will be held at D’Birhan Polytechnic College GMFA Department.

X Budget Requirements:

Training materials and equipments enumerated below should be provided by the training venue.

A. Training Facilities needed

1. Conducive Lecture and Practical Demonstration area.

2. Black or white board with pens or chalks

3. LCD projector

4. Photocopy machine for Reproduction of training materials and handouts

5. Set of computer /DVD player for video presentation.

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Amhara National Regional StateTraining, Teaching and Learning Materials

6. Extension wires.

B. Training Supplies and Materials Tools and Equipment's shouldered by training venue.

Tools and Materials for Masonry

Materials and Supplies ( per Candidate)

No. Items Unit Qty Specification

1 Bricks Pcs 130 25 cm x 12 cm x 6 cm

2 Cobble stone Pcs 50 10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm

3 Undressed stone Pcs 2 Large size

4 Lime Kg 20

5 Sand M3 0.2

6 Water lit 100 potable

7 Hollow concrete blocks(HCB) pcs 8 40cmx20cmx20cm

Tools and Equipment (per candidate)

No. Items Unit Qty Specification

1 Tape rule Pcs 1 5 m length

2 Zigzag rule Pcs 1 2 m length

3 String (3mm thick) length 20m Pcs 1

4 Mason square Pcs 1 Standard

5 Plumb bob Pcs 1 Std.

6 Spirit level Pcs 1 Std.

7 Trowel Pcs 1 Std.

8 Float Pcs 1 Std.

9 Spade Pcs 1 Std.

10 Brick hammer Pcs 1 Std.

11 Stone hammer (1Kg) Pcs 1 Std.

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Amhara National Regional StateTraining, Teaching and Learning Materials

12 Sledge hammer (5Kg) Pcs 1 Std.

13 Straight edge Pcs 1 150cmx10cm

14 Mortar pan Pcs 1

15 Bucket Pcs 1

16 Mason pencil Pcs 1 HB

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