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APERTURE MAGAZINE Sixty years on

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APERTURE MAGAZINESixty years on

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APERTURE MAGAZINESixty years on

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Over the course of the last seven years, Irish photographer Richard Mosse has photo-

graphed postwar ruins in the former Yugoslavia, cities devastated by earthquake in Iran, Pakistan, and Haiti, the occupied palaces of Saddam Hus-sein, airport emergency-training simulators, the rusting wreckage of remote air disasters, nomadic rebels in the Congolese jungle, and more. Reading through his catalog of subject matter, one could easily assume that Mosse is an inveterate photo-joumalist In the most traditional sense. 4 chasing

hard facts in order to illustrate breaking news. Yet through his work—generaffy photographed in targe format and presented large scale, with a penchant for the staggering, the allusive, the his-torical, and the Sublime—Mosse is revealed as a practitioner intent on challenging the orthodox-ies of documentary photography, in particular the contexts, imperatives, and ‘responsibilities’ that are often both assumed by and imposed upon the documentary genre, and indeed upon the photographic medium as a whole.

SUBLIME PROXIMITYA CONVERSATION WITH RICHARD MOSSE

INTERVIEW WITH AARON SCHUMAN

Dialogue

Dear Friends,

It has been sixty years since Minor White, Ansel

Adams, Dorothea Lange, Nancy and Beaumont

Ncwhall, and others led the creation of the first

issue of Aperture magazine—to promote interest in,

advance, and debate about photography Since that day,

the medium has been on an extraordinary journey In

1952 photography was not considered an art form.

Today it is very much recognized as a fine art in part,

because of the work of those who started Aperture

Foundation. Collectors and museums treasure their

photographs, many of which were taken or inspired

by the original Aperture founders. Thanks to digital

technology, cell phones, and the Internet, photography

is an everyday language that billions use for daily

communication.

Aperture Foundation has made and will continue

to make a significant impact on photographic

consciousness. We celebrate this accomplishment, and

have an opportunity to reflect on what has happened

with photography, and what our future might be.

There have been dramatic changes in the way we

take images, share them, and publish the results of

our work- Publishing photography also has changed

dramatically and will continue to change- We need to

draw inspiration from the vision of our founders to

adapt to the new reality. The reasons for the creation

of Aperture are every bit as relevant today. We must—

as they had to— understand, navigate, and shape this

new exciting landscape.

Celso G

onzalez

Sincerely,

Celso Gonzalez-Falla

Chairman, Board of Trustees

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Extract from Aperture 206 Summer Edition. Richard Mosse is a photojournalist with a striking porfo-lio has exhbited various projects over the years and is a well respected member of the Aperture foundation.

In the late nineteenth century, the Italian photogra-pher and mountaineer Yann Gross photographed the Alps, the mountains that the dominated the landscape of his childhood during a time when wild nature was stiff regarded as a fearsome place, not a site of recreation.

Detroit is more than a story of physical decline, de-cay, and transformation; it is a city where the distor-tion of time is reinventing symbols for the America of the future.

Detroit is more than a story of physical decline, de-cay, and transformation; it is a city where the distor-tion of time is reinventing symbols for the America of the future.

1 - 8 Conversations withRichard Mosse

LavinaYann Gross

Urban ArchaelogyAndrew Moose

Every day contradictionsMo Yi

9 - 1 4

1 5 - 1 9

2 0 - 2 4

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SUBLIME PROXIMITYDialogue

Over the course of the last seven years, Irish photographer Richard Mosse has photo-

graphed postwar ruins in the former Yugoslavia, cities devastated by earthquake in Iran, Pakistan, and Haiti, the occupied palaces of Saddam Hus-sein, airport emergency-training simulators, the rusting wreckage of remote air disasters, nomadic rebels in the Congolese jungle, and more. Reading through his catalog of subject matter, one could easily assume that Mosse is an inveterate photo-joumalist In the most traditional sense, chasing

A CONVERSATION WITH RICHARD MOSSE

INTERVIEW WITH AARON SCHUMAN

hard facts in order to illustrate breaking news. Yet through his work generally photographed in large format and presented large scale, with a penchant for the staggering, the allusive, the historical, and the Sublime Mosse is revealed as a practitioner intent on challenging the orthodox of documentary photography, in particular the contexts, imperatives, and ‘responsibilities’ that are often both assumed by and imposed upon the documentary genre, and indeed upon the photographic medium as a whole.

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RICHARD MOSSE: I come from a family of artists. My grandfather was a sculptor, my uncle is a painter, and my mother studied at Cooper Union in New York under Hans Haacke, so becoming an artist was very natural. My parents are potters, and photography seemed like a kind of antidote to that. Its light-sensitive simulation is at a far remove from ceramics, so I took to it at an early age. Shards of pottery that were formed from earth by hand will outlive us all, unlike photographs, which will perish in the sunlight that they once traced. Photography allowed me to be an artist without working in anyone’s shadow. That’s especially the case in Ireland where the medium is not so celebrated, in spite of seminal work by Willie Doherty. Paul Seawright, Donovan Wylie, and others.Initially I was drawn to cinema as a teenager, and became obsessed with the French New Wave. But I found the military style hierarchy of working in a film crew unsatisfying, so I gave up filmmaking and concentrated on my degree in English literature. I dug deeper into a career in academia, getting a master’s degree in cufturaf studies at a left-fiefd institution called the London Consortium a research body formed in the interstices between the University of London, Tate, the Institute of Contemporary Art, and the Architectural Association. Studying there gave me the freedom to integrate my own photographs into a written examination of the postwar Balkan landscape, and things evolved from there.

Aaron Schuman: How did you first become interested in photography?

How did that academic experience influence your subsequent pursuit of photography?

Initially I was drawn to cinema as a teenager, and became obsessed with the French New Wave. But I found the military-style hierarchy of working in a film crew unsatisfying, so I gave up filmmaking and concentrated on my degree in English literature. I dug deeper into a career in academia, getting a master’s degree in cufturaf studies at a left-fiefd institution called the London Consortium va research body formed in the interstices between the University of London, Tate, the Institute of Contemporary Art,

The first time we corresponded, in 2003, you quoted Sol LeWitt: “When words such as painting and sculpture are used, they connote a whole tradition and imply a consequent acceptance of this tradition, thus placing limitations on the artist who would be reluctant to make art that goes beyond limitations.” You then wrote: “Yet I’ve always insisted on using photography. I think something is about to shift.” Has this “shift” occurred yet for you, or for photography in general?

RM: I think it’s important that photography is cut through with other disciplines and a wider under-standing of the world. Though I loved spending my days in the university’s library, a life in academia seemed removed from lived experience. I wanted to be a maker rather than a critic, a producer rather than a consumer. Photography is an engagement with the world of things, and it has given me a genuine pretext to travel widely and experience what James Joyce called “good warm life.” I’m most excited when there’s an elision of the critical and the creative in my work, so I haven’t discarded my academic founda-tions. Instead I try to build on them.

and the Architectural Association. Studying there gave me the freedom to integrate my own photographs into a written examination of the postwar Balkan landscape, and things evolved from there.

at the time I wrote that, I was working at Art monthly, a British art magazine. I wasn’t uet fully practicing as an artist. I was the listings editor, consuming gallery press releases all day long the best art education possible. Sol LeWitt’s statement now seem slightly tautological. Perhaps a better quote to answer your qeustion might be from Robert Adams: “photgraphers have generally been

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Colonel Soleil’s Boys, North Kivu,

Eastern Congo, 2010;

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Colonel Soleil’s Boys, North Kivu,

Eastern Congo, 2010;

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Colonel Soleil’s Boys, North Kivu,

Eastern Congo, 2010;

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Colonel Soleil’s Boys, North Kivu,

Eastern Congo, 2010;

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held to a different set of responsibilities than have painters and sculptors, chiefly because of the wide-spread supposition the phohotohg want to and can give us objective Trust: the word ‘documentory’ has abetted the prejudice. But does photographer really have less right to arrange life into a composition, into form, than a paintor or sculptor? Where LeWitt uses the word traditions, Adam says responsibilties. How much more limiting are your traditions when they are saturated with moral imperative? The photographer is expected to be “responsibile” but respnsible to whom? Documen-tary photographers whose work bears some relation to photojournalism are particularly contrained. Their expressive arteies have been hardened by years of World Press photo Awards and the shadow of the interpid photojournalist sporting a scarf and Leica. Where would be if Robert Frank had hidden his Leica in a scarf?

So do you see your work as part of an evolution of photojournalism? And if so, when you find yourself at a hotel bar in Baghdad or Beirut, surrounded by traditional photojournalists what discussions take place? I know that you’ve got the dusty weathered boots... surely you must have a scarf and a leica in your wardrove somewhere as well?

I found myseil in Harti this spring, snooting for a news magazine. It was my first editorial commis-sion, and I ended Ethiopia my guide got us lost on the Eritrean border, a recent war zone. Our vehicle’s four-wheel-drive malfunctioned, and the engine overheated constantly. The driver stopped every half-hour to pour tinned tomato puree into the radiator to cool it down. Then we were tricked by Afar tribes-men with Kalashnikovs into taking the wrong road, which we traveled for days, ending up in a refugee camp. My crew feared potential intertribal violence so we decided to sleep in the police station. When we finally approached our destination, the Land

Cruiser’s trres got stuck rn the desert sand, the seven armed guards who were traveling with us started to fight with the cook, the driver fell asleep, and our guide began to pray. I had to dig the vehicle out of the sand. We never reached our destination. It was an invigorating jaunt, but not a sustainable way of life.

In the past two decades, there has been a wave of what is often referred to as “aftermath” photography. Would you regard your own work as a part of this movement?

But how do you differentiate your images of Iraqi or Serbian ruins from those of the many photographers who have flocked to Detroit or post-Katrina New Orleans to photograph debris with heavy tripods and large-format cameras?

Aftermath photography took everything interesting about the New Topographies and turned it into a movie set. Thankfully, there’s a place for these photographers . . . it’s called Detroit.

Guilty as charged. Although even if some of my work is similar in form to aftermath photography.’I do feel there is a distinct difference in both my approach and intent.For the Romantic poets, the ruin carried tremendous al-legorical power, and that power resounds today in con-temporary pho-tography. Perhaps the ruin’s absent totality signifies something very different to us now than it did back then its timeless resonance shifts for each genera-tion. Nevertheless, we are still drawn to the same imagery that Caspar David Friedrich was. I’m not so sure that we’re always honest with ourselves about this fascination.The thing that strikes me about a lot of aftermath pho-tography is the moral high ground that the photographers often take. Their journey into darkness becomes a kind of “performance of the ethical”; witnessing the catastrophe becomes an act of piety, of noblesse oblige, when in fact it’s nothing of the sort. I would imagine that most after-math photography is really just an artist’s quest to find

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fact it’s nothing of the sort. I would imagine that most aftermath photography is really just an artist’s quest to find meaning and authenticity through extreme tourism. I’m reminded of the poete maudit, the Romantic anti-hero who will go to the ends of the earth and transgress all moral boundaries for the ultimate aesthetic experi-ence. This irresponsible, self-destructive rogue was best embodied in the crapulent, wayward lives of artists like Arthur Rimbaud or Raul Gauguin. The “responsibilities” that seem to preclude the niaucftt in photography.

In the notion of “spectacle” important to you?

Last summer 1 found myself trespassing in an aban-doned, war-damaged hotel near Dubrovnik. I tinkered about this Brutahst ruin with my camera, finding various Yugoslav relics from 1991. the year that the hotel became a front line in the fighting between Serb snipers and

Croat militias. Then, as I was making my way through the wreckage. I noticed a modern cruise ship anchored in the nearby waters. This huge luxury vessel mirrored the hotel in form; the oarallel between the two vast structures was uncanny, and I began to think about their relationship. Placed alongside each other, what sort of dialogue did they open up? The cruise ship. I reasoned, is an unmoored signifier of globalization par excellence, its tourists comfortably numb within their air-conditioned matrix, blissfully ignorant of the traces of war facing them on the cliff. The ruined hotel, on the other hand, spoke of local tribal enmities, of painful regional memo-ries, of conflict and war. I meandered to the conclusion that perhaps war is the only remaining hurdle standing in the way of global amnesia; perhaps war is the only thing that redeems historical narratives in the face of this leveling of identity.

“ is the sun which never sets over the empire of modern passivity. It covers the entire surface of the world and bathes

endlessly in its own glory.”G. Dbord The Spectacle

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LAVINAPHOTOGRAPHS BY YANN GROSS

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“ is the sun which never sets over the empire of modern passivity. It covers the entire surface of the world and bathes

endlessly in its own glory.”G. Dbord The Spectacle

fact it’s nothing of the sort. I would imagine that most aftermath photography is really just an artist’s quest to find meaning and authenticity through extreme tourism. I’m reminded of the poete maudit, the Romantic anti-hero who will go to the ends of the earth and transgress all moral boundaries for the ultimate aesthetic experi-ence. This irresponsible, self-destructive rogue was best embodied in the crapulent, wayward lives of artists like Arthur Rimbaud or Raul Gauguin. The “responsibilities” that seem to preclude the niaucftt in photography.

In the notion of “spectacle” important to you?

Last summer 1 found myself trespassing in an aban-doned, war-damaged hotel near Dubrovnik. I tinkered about this Brutahst ruin with my camera, finding various Yugoslav relics from 1991. the year that the hotel became a front line in the fighting between Serb snipers and

Croat militias. Then, as I was making my way through the wreckage. I noticed a modern cruise ship anchored in the nearby waters. This huge luxury vessel mirrored the hotel in form; the oarallel between the two vast structures was uncanny, and I began to think about their relationship. Placed alongside each other, what sort of dialogue did they open up? The cruise ship. I reasoned, is an unmoored signifier of globalization par excellence, its tourists comfortably numb within their air-conditioned matrix, blissfully ignorant of the traces of war facing them on the cliff. The ruined hotel, on the other hand, spoke of local tribal enmities, of painful regional memo-ries, of conflict and war. I meandered to the conclusion that perhaps war is the only remaining hurdle standing in the way of global amnesia; perhaps war is the only thing that redeems historical narratives in the face of this leveling of identity.

In the late nineteenth century, the Italian pho-tographer and mountaineer Vittono Sella seated and photographed the Alps, the mountains that the dominated the landscape of his childhood. Sella worked during a time when wild nature was stiff regarded as a fearsome place, not a site of recreation. But cultural perceptions changed and monumental nature became attached to the concept of the sublime. Indeed, Setla’s stunning images portrayed the high-altitude & slopes and snow-capped peaks its majestic and unearthly a landscape defined by pristine beauty and silence.

Yann Gross likewise grew up in the shadow of the Alps ion the Swiss side). A hundred or so years after Sella climbed here, the mountains are popu-lated with resorts, images of their rocky peaks are used to promote wildness products and preventa-tive avalanches mitigate the dangers posed by the picturesque slopes. For the past six years. Gross has worked in Valets* Switzerland* with mountain guides and researchers who trigger avalanches with dynamite in order to prevent accidents in ski resorts and other inhabited areas. (Lavina is the word for ‘avalanche’ in Romansh, spoken by a few communities in the area of eastern Switzerland where Gross is from.) To take these pictures, he climbs the peaks in front of the mountain where the avalanches wilt be triggered. Here the still frame turns the fast-moving snow into sculptural shapes; there is an elegant formalism to these scenes of humans imposing order on the wild.

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URBAN ARCHAELOGYPHOTOGRAPHS & COMMENTARY BY

ANDREW MOORE

Detroit

In Detroit there is a warehouse, once used to store books and supplies for the public-school system.

Abandoned for many years, last winter it was the scene of a grotesque discovery: a homeless man had plunged head-down into the bottom of a flooded elevator shaft, and had all but disappeared in a deep block of ice; only his feet protruded. At the same time, on the top floor of this depository, where the concrete roof has partially collapsed, is an example of human enterprise that has likewise been stood on its head. There, amid a dense matting of decayed and burned books, a grove of birch trees thrives on these richly rotting words and, between the crooked I-beams and jagged slabs, their trunks rise straight skyward.

After the massive fire that leveled the city in 1805, Detroit adopted the motto Speramus mefiora; resur-get cinenbus: “We hope for better things; it will arise from the ashes.” There is a considerable irony in the fact that trees are literally growing from the ashes of books here today but this is only one detail in a city whose actual decomposition extends to surreal

proportions. Detroit is more than a story of physical decline, decay, and transformation; it is a city where the distortion of time is reinventing symbols for the America of the future. My photographic interests are stimulated by the busy intersections of history, particularly those locations where multiple tangents of time overlap and tangle. In places such as Cuba and Russia, I have found that these meanderings of time create a densely layered historical narrative. In Detroit, the usual forward motion of time appears to have been thrown spectacularly into reverse. The great wonder of Detroit’s transformation is the Janus-faced role that Nature evinces through its devouring decay as well as its power of renewal.

Given the backward and upside-down narrative of this city, perhaps it’s not surprising the same people who originally settled Detroit now return to gaze upon it. Just as Americans have traveled to Europe for generations to visit its castles and coliseums, the Europeans now come to Detroit to tour its ruins. That Detroit should inspire such reverie is a fitting homage to the odyssey of this uniquely American city.

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This page,Blind Alley, 2008.

Opposite,Walden Stree, 2008.

Next page,Rouge Plant, 2008.

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The View

from W

here I

live

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EVER

YDAY C

ONTRADIC

TIONS

PHOTOGRAPHS BY M

O YI, C

OMM

ENTARY

BYGU ZHENG

The View

from W

here I

live

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Photographer Mo Yi first made a name for himself in the late 1980s with his vivid style of street photography. Though ethnically Chinese, he was born in Tibet in 1958, and turned to the camera after an early career as a professional soccer player in Lhasa. Now based in Beijing, Mo Yi lived and worked for years in the city of Tianjin, where many of his photographic studies were made.

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Realism in photography has had a dramatic tra-jectory in China. After Mao Zedong’s death in

1976, Deng Xiaoping initiated freedoms that trans-formed the lives of people throughout the country, but in urban centers especially. Private businesses were opening for the first time since the Communist takeover, and a new brand

of consumerism was suddenly visible on city streets. This new materialism was accepted and even encour-aged, and had much to do with the awakening and establishment of individualism in Chinese society in the 1980s, as well as to breaking down ideologies that had long been held as inviolable. Urban public spaces were fruitful settings in which to photograph: the abundant variety of human experience on the streets provided ample material to observers of real life. Furthermore, photography which had been in the service of propagating state ideology for many dec-ades was discovering new modes of expression. Still, truly candid street photography was still considered a somewhat subversive practice. Many of the “docu-mentary” images disseminated by the Chinese media outlets were still staged, and the new generation of street photographers was seen as taking a rebellious stand against that deception.

Of course, the notion of “truth” in photography raises the question of how reality is understood. The goal of staged photography (as used for propaganda

Previous page,Eyes of Dog, 1988.

This page,Shaking Carriages, 1989.

Next page,Expression of the Street, 1989.

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at that time) was often to create a heroic model by constructing a visual paradigm of idealism and pseu-do-optimism—essentially, a sterilized version of the real. Candid photography, on the other hand, does not interfere with the scene in front of the lens. This is a significantly different approach to reality, one that defies the “iconic,” “exemplary,” or otherwise directed image. Eventually, the realist aesthetic, which continuously trumped the fraudulence of staged im-ages, gained legitimacy in China. This breakthrough precipitated an enormous change in the conception of photography and produced a flood of documen-tary photographers in China in the 1990s.

During that time of transition, Mo Yi’s style took shape as an antithesis to the popular genre of “hu-man interest” street photography. His work of that period has an air of detachment: it is devoid of warmth—or indeed “subject” in the traditional sense. He seems to have taken on the world as his enemy, using photography as a means by which to question reality and challenge aesthetic sensibilities. For Mo Yi, motion, blur, and compositional imbalance are rhetorical techniques that serve his investigation of the tense, irreconcilable relationship between the individual and the outside world. While the growing awareness of this tenuous relationship was an impor-tant factor in the establishment of individualism in China during the 1980s, Mo Yi’s turbulent imagery evoked a disturbing uncertainty about the future, a

sense of impending crisis which in fact came to pass at the end of the decade, famously culminating with the Tiananmen Square Massacre in 1989.

In the mid-1990s, Mo Yi’s focus shifted toward his surroundings in Tianjin with his series The View from Where I Live. A highly unaffected view of the everyday landscapes of his neighborhood,the series marks a departure from his earlier, radical style of street photography. In this body of photographs, city neighborhoods do not seem to encompass day-to-day human interactions and communications but are instead closed, isolated, precluding connections. Tianjin’s residential windows are blocked with steel mesh as a security measure, evidencing a hostility to the outside world—though occasionally an irrepressible sign of humanity will find its way out through the metal window grates: a potted plant on a windowsill, a red paper cutout stuck to the windowpane. Although the poetry of life has been suppressed, the daily struggle of city residents to find some way to express their inner world is palpable.

Mo Yi’s photographs thus investigate a seeming con-tradiction in the daily life of contemporary China: cold detachment and passion for human connection. When seen as a group, however, his work brings up an enormous question about Chinese society as whole: given recent history, can distrust be eliminated?

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Paying tribute to Henry Buhl, Sondra Gilman, Celso Gonzalez-Falla, John Gutfreund, Lynne and Harold Honickman, Mark Levine, Frederick Smith, and the many photographers and writes whose work has shaped the Aperture Legacy.

For more information con-tact Cabrielle Pasternak at:

(212) 946 7108 [email protected]

Teusday, October 23, 2012LocationGotham Hall1356 Broadway 36th StreetNew York City

Aperture Foundation 60th Anniversary Gala & Photography Auction

APERTURE MAGAZINESixty years on

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