LAYTIME AND

DEMURRAGE

BY

JOHN SCHOFIELD, M . A . of Groy:v Inn, Barrister

FIFTH EDITION

LONDON SINGAPORE

2005

Contents

Prqface lo the Fiph Edition khlr of Cases Table of Statures

CHAPTER 1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES

CHAPTER 2 . LAYTIME CLAUSES-FIXED AND CUSTOMARY LAYTIME

Calendar days Conventional days Running days Working days Weather working days Calculation of weathcr interruptions in weather working &ys Saturdays and other incomplete days Voylriyrules 199.3 Working days, running hours, running days, weather permitting Working hours, working days of 24 hours, weather permitting Working hours per working day Working days of 24 consecutive hours, working days of 24 running hours, weather

permitting Weather working day of 24 consecutive hours

LAYTLME R Y REFERENCETO RATES OF WORKING C A R G O

Rate per working hatch (or available wotkahle hatch) Availability of holds Rdtc per hatch Rate per hook Laytime expressed as a total daily rate Laytime expressed as a total daily rate basis-a specified nurrlbcr of available workable

hatchcs

PAGE

vii xix

xxxix

xii

CUSTOMARY LAYTIME

C O N T E N T S

What is a reasonable time? Customary despatch ECCect of custom Commencement of the ohligation to loadldischarge Delays due to chmerers/shippcrs/receivers

Failure to provide a berlh on arrival Failure to have a cxgo in readiness As fast as the vessel could deliver Allemative methods of discharge Provision of defective cargo

Delays arising without the default oC either shipowners or chartcrcrs Congestion Strikes Actions of port and other authorities Delay due to other third partics Weather and other nalural phenomena

Other terms of the charterparty Where customary laytime ia exceeded Customary quick despatch

C H A P T E R 3 . COMMENCEMENT OF LAYTIME

The rpecified destination Bcrth charlers Dock charters Port charters

Arrival within the purl At thc immediate and effective disposition of the charterer

R E A D I N E S S T U LOAII A N D D I S C H A R G E

Physical readiness Overslowed cargo Equipment Other physical matters

Legal readiness Common law Customs clearance Free prirlique and quarantine Additional reqoircmcnts Contracts of sale Implied requiremcnts

Thc Indian cases Notice of readiness

Whcn and how to he given Express provisions

Notice in advance of arrival Time lapse between readiness and colnmencement of laytime Notice given hefore commcnccment date Tor laylirne Correctness of notice of readiness Notice of readiness and clause 6 of the Ashatankvoy form of charter Acccptance of notice

Readiness and readiness Work before laytime comlnences

CI IANOb.S 'S0 T H E B E G I N N I N G OF LAYTIME

Custom Obstacles created hy the charterer

Failure to have cargo available or arrangements for dischargc Congestion due to charterer's olher commitments

Charterer's duty to act to enable a vcsscl to become an Arrived ship Whether in berth or not Whether in port or not Time lost in waiting for berth to count as laytime How time lost should he counted Time lost in waiting for herth to count in full Norgrain chmer-waiting fur berth Reachable on arrival/always accessible

Baltic Code 2000 Always accessible-for how long must the herth he accessible?

So near thereto as she may safcly i e t A. Nature of the obstacle B. Lcngth of time actually spent waiting C. Length of expcctcd delay D. Degree of risk known to exist E. How close to the intended port the vessel can gct F, Proportion of cargo to be loadedldischarged at the ohsuucted port

In regular turnlin usual turn Limits of delay Custom and practice Loss of tum Delay after henhing Dcmulnge in respect of waiting time Time to commencc on being reported at the Custom House To be loaded as per colliery guarantee

C H A P T E R 4. I N T E R R U P T I O N S A N D E X C E P T I O N S TO L A Y T I M E 187

The contra proferentem rule General principles Fault oI the shipowner

To which delays does this principle apply? Fault

xiv CONTENTS

Other cases resulting to fault Fur whose fault is the shipowner responsible? Bunkering Ballasting and deballasring Opening and closing of hatchcs Seal inspections Payment of port dues

Non-production of bills of lading Crane and cargo gear breakdowns Communications with vessel The Altus Exclusion of fault "Any other cause beyond the conlrol of charterers" General exccptiuns clauses

"Any other cause beyond the control of charterers" Cases relating to principle A Cases relating to principle B Cases relating to principle C

Overtime ordered by port authorities to count as laytime Congestion

A I l V F R S E W E A T H E R

The limits of weather Particular types of weather

Frost Ice Surf Swcll Bore tides

Causation and weather Interruptions Exceptions Conoco weather clause

What is a holiday'? Regulations and law Custom and practice

Particular types of holidays "General or local holidays" "Legal holidays" "OSficial and local holidays" "Chancrparty holidays" "Legal and local holidays" "Non-working holidays"

The BlMCO calendar Holidays and working days

C O N T E N T S

Part holidays Saturdays

Overtime Cuslom Local law Saturdays today Baltimore Form C Saturday clause Weekend clause

Worhng in excepted periods Where provided for Whcrc not provided for

S T R I K E S

Meaning of "shike" Causation

A. Provision of cargo B. Congestion and consequential delays

Where consequential delay allowcd When consequential delay not allowed

C. Duty to lessen effect Alternative action Alternative port Allerndtive cargo Alternative methods of loadin@discharging and/or change of berth within the port Alternative labour

D. Length of delay Centrocon strike clausc

First pan The specified causes Obstructions heyond the control of the chanerers in the docks or other loading

places Obstructions heyond the conlrol of the charterers on the railways Stoppages Riots and civil commotion Strike or lock-out of any class of workmen essential to the loadingldischarging

Second part Third part Fourth pan

Gencon strike clause First paragraph Second paragraph Third paragraph

SHIFTING A N D LlGHTENINCj

Shifting From anchorage to berth

Clauses providing fur time not to coullt

xvi CONTENTS

Custom Shifting from anchorages outside the port Reachable on arrival The limits of The Laura Prima decision

From one berth to another Enforced shifting Shifting expenses

Warping Lightcning

Time used i n lightening

C H A P T E R 5. OTHER L A Y T I M E M A T T E R S

COMPLETION OF LAYTIME

Dry cargo Loading Discharge

Liquid cargo

A V E R A G I N G A N D R E V E R S I N G

Laytimc "averaged" "Reversihle" laylime Cascs on averaging Cases on reversing Other similar clauses

MULTIPLE C H A R T E R S

Are the charters to be read separately or together? Commcncement and running of laytime Time lost in waiting for berth OUlcr cargo operations carried out whilst waibng Demurrage Carriage of cdible vegetahle oils

Nomination of loading and discharging herths Commcnccment of laytime and waiting time Laytime and demurrage Squeegeeing and sweeping Transhipment

C H A P T E R 6. D E M U R R A G E

Meaning and naturc Length of demurrage Rate and paymcnt of demurrage

CONTENTS

New Worldscale-Full title: New Worldwide 'Tanker Nominal Freight Scale Payment

Damages in addition to demurrage Mitigation and proof of loss Default of charterer Default of shipowner Exceptions clauses and demurrage Shifting Half rate demurrage

Storm Notices of readiness, periods of notice and commcncemcnt uf demurrage Tanker warranties The effect of deviation on demurragc The end of demurrag-permanent and temporary absence from the port

LIABILITY I'OR D E M U K K A G H

General principles Incorporation of charterpatty terms into bills of lading Liability uf shippers, consignees, indorsees and receivers Liahility of charterers as hill of lading holders Nature of lien fur demurrage Cesser clauses Construction of the charter Effectiveness of the lien Waiver of cesser clause Liahilities before and after shipment Masler's rights to claim demurrage Liability of hills of lading holdcrs inter se

One calculation or many calculations How much must each pay?

Demurrage lime bars Time of payment Demurrage provision in contracts of sale

C H A P T E R 7. D E S P A T C H

Some later cases Notice provisions Keversing and double despatch The Centrocon slrike clause Delay after loading or discharging

C H A P T E R 8 . D E T E N T I O N

Delay before the vessel reaches its specified destination Delay after arrival at the specified destination and during the running of laytime Delay during the running of demurrage

xvii

348 349 349 357 360 362 363 367 368 369 371 372 379 383

xviii CONTENTS

Delay after h e end of laytime andlor demurrage Delay by agrecmenl Exception clauses Lien for damages for detention

CHAPTER 9 . FRUSTRATION

A. Destmction of ship or cargo B. Inordinate delay C. Illegality Self-induced frustration The Law Reform (Frusuated Contracts) Act 1943

APPENDIX

A. Laytimc definitions B. Charterparty Laytime Definitions 1980 C. Voyage Chmerparty Laytime Interpretation Rules 1993 D. Baltic Code 2003 Charterparty and Laytime Terminology and Abbreviatiuns

Index

Index

Adverse weather atmospheric precipitation, 4.149 bore tides, 4.1814.185 causation, and, 4.186 Conoco clause, 4.2094.214 exceptions, 4.1934.208 frost, 4.1574.163 high winds, 4.149 ice. 4,1644.171 intemptions, 4.1874.192 introduction, 4.1424.147 limits, 41484,156 meaning, 4.144 rain, hail, snow and sleet, 4.149 surf. 4.1724.175 swell, 4.17&4.L80

"All time saved" despatch, and. 7.4

"Always accessible" Baltic Code, 3.458 generally, 3.432-3.457 length of time berth to be accessible, 3.459-3.472

Anchorage to berth, shifting fmm custom, 4.437-4.438 introduction. 4.4274.430 reachable on arrival, 4.4414.469 time not to count, 4.431A.436

"Any other cause beyond the control of charterers" exceptions clauses, and

introduction. 4.104-4.105 Principle A cases, 4,1064.122 Principle B cases, 4. 1234126 Principle C cases, 4,1274.133

free-standing clause, as, 4 .87497 Arrival at specified destination

berth charters, 3.3s3.37 dock charters, 3.38-3.47 generally, 3.2-3.29 port charters

arrival within the pan, 3.51-3.63 immediate and effective disposition of the

chartrrer, 3.64-3.114 introduction, 3.48-3.50

"As fast as lhe vessel could drBvrs" customary laytime, and, 2.249

Ashatankv~y see also Exxonvuy "any other cause beyond the control of

charterers", 4.89

Ashatankvoy-ont. general exception clause, 4.98 notice of readiness, and, 3.289-3.297

Atmospheric precipitation intemptions and exceptions to laytime, and

4.149 Averaging

caces, 5.77-5.85 introduction, 5.69-5.76

Ballasting intemptions and exceptions to laytime, and,

4.584.62 Baltic Code 2OGU

commencement of laytime always accessible, 3.458 notice of readiness, 3.216 reachable an her arrival. 3.458 whether in berth or not, 3.391

definitions. Appendix A introduction, 1.8 pan of a day holidays, 4.254 text, Appendix D working in excepted periods, 4.202

Baltimore Form C clause nutice of readiness, and, 6.108 Saturdays, and, 42784,283

Berth Charterparty Laytime Definitions. 3.31 Voylaytules, 3.30

~ e n h charters arrival at specified destination, and. 3.3S3.37 introduction, 1.22

Bills of lading intemptions and exceptions to laytime, and,

4.674.73 Bills of lading holders inter sr, liability of

amount each must p y , 6.25&6260 introduction, 6.250 number of calculations, 6.2514.255

Bimchemvoy cancellaion of charter, and. 3.333 completion of laytime. and, 5.50 multiple charters, and, 5.101

BIMCO calendar holidays. and. 4.242

Bore tides interruptions and exceptions to laytime, and,

4.1814.185

INDEX

Breach uf obligation Charterparty Laytime Definitions 198Wonr . fault of shipowner, and, 4.25 definitions. Appendix A

Bunkering fixed laytime intermptions and exceptions tu laytime, and, rate per hatch. 2.169

4.52-4.57 weather working days of 24 consecutive hours. 2.140

Calendar days weather working days, 2.44 fixed laytimc, and, 2.62.13 holidays

Cargo gear breakdowns generally, 4.217 interruptions and exceptions to laytime, and, 4.74 pans of a day, 4.254

C q o operations carried out whilst waiting working in excepted periods. 4.292 multiplc c h a r s , and, 5.14&5.143 introduction, 1.8

Cargo provision "on demurrage". 6.77 strikes, and, 4.3214.323 text, Apandix B

Caniage of edible vegetable oils working in excepted periods commencement of laytime, 5.153-5.154 not provided for, 4.303 demurrage, 5.155-5.165 pruvided for, 4.292 introduction. 5.149-5151 Civil commotions laytime, 5.155-5.165 Cenmwon strike clause. and. 4.3754.377 nomination of loading and discharging berths, Closing hatches

5.152 interruptions and exceptions to laytime, and. 4.63 squeegeeing and sweeping. 5.166 Colliery working days tranahipment, 5.168-5.172 fixed laytime, and, 2.37-2.40

Causation Commencement of demurrage strikes. and, 4,316-4.320 gcnerrrlly. 6.1054.1 13

Centrocan strike clause Commencement of laytime civil commotions, 43754,377 "always accessible" contents Baltic Code. 3.458

first pan. 4.3634.380 generally, 3.432-3.457 fourth part, 4.390-4.391 length of time berth to be accessible, second pal, 4.3814.385 3.459-3.472 third part, 4.38M.389 ~ ~ arrival at specified destination

despatch, and, 7.38-7.33 berth charters, 3.38-3.37 introduction, 4.3594.362 dock charters, 3.38-3.47 lock-out of essential workmen, 4.37U.380 generally, 3.2-3.29 obsauctions beyond control of chanerers port chaners, 3.48-3.114

docks, in, 4.3674.369 carriage of edible vegetable oils, and, 5,153-5.154 loading places, in. 4.367-4.369 changes to railways, on. 4.370-4.371 "always accessible", 3.432-3.472

riots. 4.3754.377 chderer's duty to act, 3.367-3.373 specitied causes, 4.366 custom, and. 3.348-3.353 stoppages, 4.372-4.374 "demurrage in respect of waiting time", strike of essential workmen, 4.3784.380 3.514-3.520

Cesser clauses "in regular turn". 3.494-3.507 consauction of the charter, 6.22iP6.230 intmduetian, 3.345-3.347 generally, 6.2166.219 obstacles created by charterer, 3.354-3.366 introduction, 61714.175 "reachable on arrival", 3.432-3.458 liabilities before and after shipment, 6.240-6.245 'so near thereto as she may safely gel". waiver, 6.239 3.473-3.493

Charterers as bill of lading holderr "time lost in waiting for benh to count as demurrage, and, 6.198-6.205 laytime", 3.4&3.427

"Charterparty holidays" "time lost in waiting for benh to count in full", interruptions and exceptions to laytime, and, 3.428-3.431

4,2374238 "time to commence on being reported at the Charterparty Laytime Definitions 1980 Custom Housc", 3.521-3.524

commencement of laytime "to be loadcd as per colliery guarantee". berth, 3.31 3.525-3.526 port, 3.51 "whether in bcrth or not", 3,3744,397 time lost in waiting far herth to count as "whether in port or not", 3.398-3.405

laytimc, 3.409 charterer's duty to act, 3.367-3.373 whether in berth or not, 3.391 conditions

customary despatch, 2.219 arrivill ill specified destinatiun. 3.2-3.1 14

466

Commencement of laytir~le--cont. conditioncconr.

inwoduction, 3.1 noticc of readiness, 3.2163.344 readiness to load and discharge, 3,115-3.215

custom, and, 3.348-3.353 "demurrage in respect of waiting time".

3.514-3.520 general principles, and, 1.23 "in regular turn"

custom and practice, 3.509-3.510 delay after berthing, 3.513 generally, 3.494-3.507 limits of delay. 3.508 loss of turn, 3.511-3.512

introduction, 3.1 legal rcadincas to load and discharge

additional requirements, 3191-3.200 common law. 3.171-3.172 contracts of sale, 3.203-3.205 customs clearance, 3.173 free pratique and quarantine, 3,174-3.190 ecnerallv. 3.167-3.170 u , . implied requirements. 3.20tL3.208 the Indian cases, 3.209-3.215

multiple charters, and, 5.1 11-5.1 16 notice of readiness

acceptance, 3.298-3.328 advance of arrival, in. 3.249-3.252 Asbatankvov. and. 3.289-3.297 ,. . commencement daa for laytime, before,

3.258-3.259 .& correctness, 3.26LL3.288 express provisions. 3.233-3.248 generally, 3.21 6-3.219 - lapse uf time between readiness and

commencement. 3.253-3.257 mcthud of transmission, 3.22LL3.232 timing, 3.220-3.232

obstacles created by charterer .u~og

INDEX

Cuaum+onl. Delay Saturdays, and, 4.264-4.269 customary ldytime, and shifting f m anchorage to berth, and, alternulive melhods of discharge, 2.250-2.252

44374.438 as fast &as the vessel muid deliver. 2.249 Customdry despatch congetion, 2.259-2.261

generally, 2.219 defective cilrgo, 2.253-2.257 introduction, 2.207 due to chartererslshipper~lre~ei~er~,

Customary laytime 2.239-2.257 actions of port authorities, 2.268-2.272 failure to have cargo in readiness. 2.24k2.248 alternative methods of discharge. 2.25CL2.252 failure lo provide henh on arrival, 2.2&2.%3 aa fast as the vessel could deliver, 2.249 natural phenomena, 2.275-2.278 commencement of loadldischarge, 2.229-2.238 pun authorities' actiona, 2.268-2.272 congestion, 2.259-2.261 strikes. 2.262-2.267 custom, 2.220-2.227 third parties. 2.273-2.274 custumary despatch. 2.219 weather, 2,275-2.278 defective cargo, 2.253-2.257 without default of charterer~/shipowners,

delay due to chartererslshippcrslreccivers 2.258-2.278 alternative methods of discharge. 2.250-2.232 despatch, and, 7.34 as fast as the vessel could deliver, 2.249 detention, and

defective cargo, 2.253-2.257 after nivil l at specified destination, 8.3h8.41

F~ilure to have cargo in readiness, 2.244-2.%8 after end of demurrage. 8.43-8.62

failure to provide berth on arrival, 2.240-2.243 after end of laytime. 8.43-8.62

introduction, 2.239 hefore the vessel reaches its specified

delay due ta third parties. 2.273-2.274 destination, 8.G8.29

delay without default of chartererslshipowners hy agmment, 8.63-8.68

actions of port authorities, 2.268-2.212 during running of demurrage, 8.42

congestion, 2.259-2.261 during running of laytime, 8.30-8.41

introduction, 2.258 frustration, and, 9.18-9.40

natural phenomena. 2.275-2.278 "in regular Nrn" generally. 3.513

strikes, 2.262-2.261 limits, 3.508 third parties, 2.273-2.274 : "so near thereto as she may safely get", and. weather, 2.275-2.278 1.487

exceeding, 2.283-2.284 Demurrage failure to have cargo in readiness. 2.244-2.248 bills of lading holders infer sr, and failure to provide berth on arrival, 2.24C-2.243 amount each must pay, 6.256-6.260 interruptions and exceptions la laytime, and. 4.4 introduction, 6.250 introduction, 2.207-2.208 number of calculations, 6.251-6255 nstur~l phenomena. 2.275-2.278 carriage of edible vegetable oils, and, 5.155-5165 other terms of charterpany, and, 2.27'+2.282 cesser clauses overview, 1.17 constmction of the charter, 6.22M.230 port authorities' actions, 2.268-2.272 generally, 6.2146219 quick despatch. 2.285 liabilities before and after shipment, "reasonable time", 2.209--2.218 6.24M.245 strikes, 2.262-2.267 waiver, 6.239 third parties, 2.273-2.274 charterers as bill of lading holders, and, weather 2.275-2.278 6.198-6.205

Customs clearance commencement, 6.1056.1 13 legal readiness to load and discharge, and, 3.173 commeacernent of laytime, and, 3.5143.520

consignees, and, 6.1834.197 Damages contracts of sale, and, 6.2776.279

demurrage, and, 6.266.49 damages in addition detention, and, 8.1 default of charterer, 6.614.69

Deballusling default of shipowner, 6.70-6.76 interuplions and exceptions lo laytime, and, generally. 6.266.49

4.584.62 mitigation, 6.50-6.m Default of charterer proof of loss, 6.504.M)

demurrage, and. 6.614.69 default of charterer, 6614.69 Default of shipuwner default of shipowner, 6.7M.76

demurrage, and. 6.70-6.76 definition, 1.10 Defective cargo despatch, and, 7.2

customary laytime, and, 2.253-2.257 deviation, and, 61494.161

468

Demurrage-oat. duration. 6.94.19 exception clauses, and, 6.77-6.90 general principles, and

despatch money, 1.34-1.35 detention, 1.36 frustration, 1.37-1.38 generally, 1.29-1.33 introduction. 1.1-1.8

half rate generally. 6.92-6.98 storm, 6.99-6.104

incorporation of charterparty terms into bills of lading, 6.177-6.182

indorsees, and, 6.1834.197 liabilily for

chalterers as bill of lading holders, of, 6.198-6.205

consignees, of, 6.183-6.197 gemral principlca, 61694.176 incorporation of charterparty terms into bills

lading, 6.177-6182 indorsecs, of, 6.1834.197 receivers, of. 6.183-6.197 shippers, of, 6.183-6197

lien clauses canstruction of the charter, 6.220-6.230 effectiveness, 62314,238 generally. 6.206-6.213

Master's claim, 6.24M.249 meaning, 6.14.8 mitieation. 6.5&6.M) " ~~ . multiple charters, and, 5.144-5.148 nature. 6 .14 .8 norice of readiness, 6.105-6.113 payment

generally, 6.25 time, 6.274-6.276

permanent absence from port. 6.162-6.168 proof of loss, 6.50-6.60 rate

generally, 6.2W6.23 New Worldscale, 6.24

receivers, and, 6.1834.197 shifting, 6.91 shippers, and. 6.1834.197 tanker warranties, 6.114-6.148 temporary absence from port, 6.162-6.168 termination, 6.162-6.168 time bars, 6.2614.273 time of payment, 6.274-6.276 voyage charters, and, 1.11-1.15 Voyluyrules, 6.1

Despatch "all time saved . 7.4 Centroeon strike clause. 7.3W7.33 delay after loading or discharging, 7.34 double despatch, 7.25-7.29 generally, 7.1-7.16 later cases. 7.17-7.20 ~ ~ - ~ - . meaning, 7.1 notice pruvisions. 7.21-7.24

INDEX

Despatch---cont. overview, 1.34-1.35 reversing, 7.25-7.29 Voylayrules, 7.2 "working time saved", 7.4

Destruction of ship or cargo frustration, and, 9.1-9.14

Detention delily after arrival at specified dealination.

8.3+8.41 delay after end of demurrage, 8.43-8.62 delay after end of laytime. 8.43-8.62 delay before the vessel reaches its specified

destination, 8.6-8.29 delay by agreement, 8.63-8.68 delay during running of demurrage. 8.42 delay during running of laytime, 8.30-8.41 exception clauses, 8.69 generally, 8.1-8.5 lien for damages, 8.70-8.72

of overview, 1.36 Deviation

demurrage, and. 6.14Y4.lhl Disconnection of hoses

completion of laytime, and, 5.46-5.51 Dock charters

wiual at spccihed destination, and, 3.38-3.47 introduction, 1.22

Double despatch despatch, and, 7.25-7.29

Dry cargo completion of laytime, and

discharging, 5.34-5.42 loading, 5.2C-5.33

Edible vegetable oils, camage of commencement of laytime. 5.153-5.154 demurrage. 5.155-5.165 introduction, 5.149-5.15 1 laytime, 5155-5.165 nomination of loading and discharging berths,

5 IS7 squeegeeing and sweeping, 5.166 transhipment, 5.168-5.172

Equipment for loading and discharge physical readiness, and. 3.152-3163

Exception clauses demurrage, and, 6.77-6.90 detention, and, 8.69

Exceptions to laytimc ste olrn Interruptions and exceptions to laytime any other cause. 4.874.97 communications with vessel, 4.754.77 congestion, 4.138-4.141 canrrrr pmfhrentum rule, 4.54.12 exclusion of fault, 4.784.86 fdult, 4.184.66 general exception clauses. 4.984.133 general principles, 4.134.17 holidays, 4.2154.303 introduction, 4.14.4 lightening. 4.5034.519

INDEX

Exceptions to laytime-con[. non-production of bills of lading, 4.674.74 ovenime ordered by pon authorities, 4.134-4.137 uvelview, 1.24 shifting, 4.426-4.498 strikes. 4.3044.425 warping, 4.4994.502 weather, 4,1424.214

Expenses shifting, and, 4.4854.498

Exnonvay 84 see ulso Asbtankvoy commencement of laylime, and

cancellation of charter, 3.333 notice uf readiness, 3.233

completion of laytime. and, 5.46 ice, and. 4. I 64 half rate demurrage, and

generally, 6.92 storm, 6.99

lightening, and, 4.51 1

Failure to have cargo in readiness customary laytime, and, 2.244-2.248

Failure to provide benh on arrival customary laytime, and, 2.2462.243

Fault of shipowner ballasting, 4.584.62 bunkering, 4.524.57 closing hutches, 4.63 communications with vessel, 4.75 consignees. and. 4.39-4.40 crane breakdowns, 4.74 deballarting. 4.584.62 exclusion of, 4.784.86 flushing the sealine, 4.7W.77 introduction, 4.184.20 meaning of fault. 4.24-4.30 non-production of bills of idding, 4.67-4.73 opening hatches, 4.63 other cases. 4.31-4.38 payment of port dues, 4.66 relevant delays, 4 ,21423 seal inspections, 4.644.65 stevedores, and, 4.414.51 whose fault, 4.394.51

Fixed laytime calendar days, 2.6-2.13 colliery wnrking days, 2.37-2.40 conventional days, 2.14-2.16 implied term. 2.207 intemptions and exceptions tu laytime, and, 4.3 introduction, 21-2.5 Mabon's day, 2.40 overview, 1.18 rate per hatch

charterparty Laytime Definitions generally. 2.164-2.172 Voyicyrules. 2.171

rate per hook. 2.173-2.176 rate per (available) working hatch

availability of holds, 2.163

Fixed laytime---cunr. rate per (available) working hatch-on[.

generally, 2.145-2.162 rate per hatch. 2.161-2.172 rate per hook, 2.173-2.176 ~pecified number of avadable working hatches

2.193-2.206 total daily rate, 2 177-2.192 Voylayrules. 2.147 ~.

reference to rates of worhng cargo introduction. 2.144 rate per working hatch, 2.145-2.162 total daily rate, 2.177-2.206

running days generally, 2.17-2.22 Voylayrules, 2.20 "weather permitting", 2.92-2.111

running hours generally, 2.36 "weather permitting", 2.92-2.1 11

running working days. 2.34-2.35 Saturdays

calculation method A, 2.84 calculation method B, 2.85 calculation method C, 2.8&2.90 introduction, 2.80-283

"weather permitting" generally, 2.92-2. l l l working days of 24 consecutive hours, 2.139 working days of 24 hours, 2.130 working iyurs, 2.112

weather working days of 24 consecutive hours Charterparty Laytime Definitions. 2.140 generally, 2.140-2.143 Vaylaymles, 2.141

weather working days calculation of weather intermptions. 2.59-2.79 Chmerparty Laytime Definitions, 2.44 generally, 2.41-2.58 incomplete days, 2 .86290 Saturdays, 2.8&2.Y0 "weather permitting", 2.1 11 Voylilyrules, 2.91

working davs - - colliery working days, 2.37-2.40 generally, 2.23-2.33 running working days, 2.34-2.36 "weather permitting", 2.92-2.1 11

working days of 24 consecutive hours. 2,133-2.139

wurking days of 24 hours, 2.1 12-2.125 working hours per working day, 2.12&2.132

Flushing the sealine intemptions and exceptions to laytime, and.

4.76-4.77 Free pratiquc and quarantine

legal readiness to load and discharge, and, 3.174-4.190

Frost intemptions and exceptions to laytime. and,

4 .1574161

Frustration destruction of ship or cargo, 9.15-9.18 generally, 9.1-9.14 illegality, 9.41-9.47 inordinate delay, 9.18-9.40 overview, 1.37-1.38 self-induced, 9.4G9.49 statutory provision, 9.50 types, 9.8

Gear breakdowns intemptions and exceptions to laytime, and,

"Ceneml or local holidays" interruptions and exceptions to laytime, and,

4.2314.232 Cencon clause

demurrage, and, 6.5 strikes, and, 4.3924425

Go slow Centrocon strike clause, and, 4.402

Hail and sleet interruptions and exceptions to laytime, and.

4.149 Half-day holidays

interruptions and exceptions to laytime, and. 4.253-4.257

Half rate demurrage generally, 6.924.98 stom, 6.994.104

High winds i intemptions and exceptions to laytime, and.

4.149 Holidays

BIMCO calendar, 4.242 "chanerpany holidays", 4.2374.238 Chanerpany Laytime Definitions, 4.217 custom and practice. by. 4.2254.229 fixed laytime, and, 2.1 1 "general or local holidays", 4.2314.232 half-day holidays. 4.2534.257 introduction. 4.215 Isr. hv. 4.2184.224 --. . ~ , . ~~- "legal holidays". 4.233 "legal and local holidays", 42394,240 l one shore men's davs, 4.228 meaning, 4.2LW.229 "non-worlung holidays", 4.241 "official and llocal holidays". 4.234-4.236 part-day holidays. 4.2534.257 regulations. by. 4.2184.224 religious, 4.229 Saturdays. 4.258-4.262 working days, and, 4.2434.252 working in excepted periods, 4.2894.303

Hose disconnection completion of laytime, and, 5.465.51

Ice interruptions and exceptions to laytime, and.

4,164-4.171

INDEX

Illrealitv -~ ~~ 2 frustration, and, 9.41-9.47

"In regular turn" custom and practice, 3.509-3.510 delay after herthing, 3.513 generally, 3.49M.507 limita of delay. 3.508 , . loss of turn, 3.511-3.512

Inactivity by charterer completion of laytinre, and, 5.5-5.15

Incorporation of charterpany terms 4.74 demurrage, and, 6.177-6.182

Indomees demurrage, and, 6.1834.197

Inordinate delay frustration, and, 9.18-9.40

Interruptions and exceptions to laytime "any other cause beyond the control of

charterers" free-standing clauae, as, 4.87-4.97 linked to exceptions clause, 4.104-4.133

atmosoheric orccidtadon. 4.149 ballasiing, 4.%4:62 hare tides. 4.18l4.185 hunkering, 4 .52457 cargo gear breakdowns, 4.74 charterer's duties, 4.154.17 closing hatcher. 4.63 communications with vessel. 4.75 congestion, 4.1 384.141 contra proferrntum rule, 4.54.12 crane breakdowns, 4.74 customary laytime. and. 4.4 deballasting. 4.584.62 exceptions

"any other wuse beyond the control of chatterers". 4.87-4.97

fault, 4.784.86 general clauses, 4.984.133

fault of shipowner ballasting, 4.584.62 bunkering, 4.524.57 closing hatches, 4.63 communications with vessel, 4.75 consignees, and, 4.394.40 crane breakdowns, 4.74 dehallasting. 4.584.62 exclusion of, 4.784.86 flushing the sealine. 4.7H.77 introduction, 4.18-4.20 meaning of fault, 4.244.30 "on-production of bills of lading. 4.674.73 opening lratches, 4.03 other cases, 4.314.38 payment of port d u e , 4.66 relevant delays, 4.214.23 seal inspecdons, 4 . b M . B stevedores. and, 4 .41451 whose fault, 4.39-4.51

fixed laytime, and, 4.3 flushing the sealine. 4.7W.77 frost, 4.1574.163

lntenuptions and exceptiuna to laytime--coat. gear breakdown, 4.74 general exception clauses

"my other cause heyond the control of charterers", 4.1044.133

Asbatankvoy, 4.98 generally, 4.984.103 Sugar Charterparty, 4,102

general principles. 4 .13417 hail, 4.149 half-day holidays, 4.2534.257 high winds, 4.149 holidays

B N C O calendar, 4.242 "charterpany holidays", 4.2374.238 Charterparty Laytime Definitions, 4.217 custom and practice, by, 4.2254.229 "general or local holidays", 4.231-4.232 half-day holidays. 4.2534.257 introduction, 4.215 law, by, 4.2184.224 "legal holidays", 4.233 "legal and local holidays", 4.2394.240 I.ongsharemen's days, 4.228 meaning, 4.2164.229 "nan-working holidays", 4.241 "official and local holidays". 4,2344236 part-day holiduys, 4.253-4.257 tcgulations. by. 4.2184.224 religious, 4.229 Saturdays. 4.2584.262 working days, and, 4.2434.252 working in excepted periods, 4.2894.303

ice, 4,164-4.171 introduction, 4.14.4 lightening

Enranvoy, 4.51 1 generally, 4.5034.513 time used, 4.514-4.519

meaning, 4.1 non-production of bills of lading. 4 ,67473 opening hatches, 4.63 overtime

ordered by port authorities, 4.134-4.137 Saturdays, 4.263

overview, 1.24 payment of port dues, 4.66 rain, hail, snow and sleet, 4.149 readiness to load, and, 4,154.17 Saturdays

Baltimore Form C clause, 4.2784.283 aenerallv. 4.2584.262 iucal cultom, 4.264-4.269 local law, 4.2704.276 non-working pan of stay, 4.277 overtime. 4.263 weekend clause. 4.284-4.288

seal inspections, 4.64-4.65 shifting

anchoraee to berth. from. 4.4274.469 enforced by weather or port authorities,

4.4774.484

Interruptions and exceptions to laytim-onr. shifting-ont.

expenses, 4.4854.498 introduction, 4.426 one benh to another. from. 4,4704476

sleet, 4.149 snow. 4.149 strikes

causation, 4.31W.320 Centrocon clause, 4.3594.391 congestion, 4.3244312 consequential delay. 4,3244,332 Geocon clause, 4.3924.425 introduction, 4 .30U.305 length of delay. 4.3524.357 lessening of effect, 4.3334.351 meaning, 4.306-4.315 provision of cargo, 4.3214.323 Voylayrules. 4.311

surf, 4.1724.175 swell, 4.1764180 warping. 4.499-4.502 weather

atmospheric precipitation, 4.149 bore tides, 4.1814.185 causation, and, 4.186 Conaca clause. 4.2094.214 exceptions, 4.1934.208 frost, 4,1574,163 high winds, 4.149 ice. 4.164-4.171 intermptiqns, 4.1874.192 inmuduction, 4.1424.147 limits, 4.1484.156 meaning, 4.144 rain, hail, snow and sleet, 4.149 surf, 4.1724.175 swell. 4.17W.180

weather working days. 4.2 weekend clause, 4.284-4.288 working in excepted periods

introduction, 4.289 not provided for, 4,2964303 where provided for, 4.2904.295

Lapse of time commencement of laytime, and, 3.253-3.257

Laytime averaging

cases, 5.77-5.85 introduction, 5.69-5.76

carriage of edible vegetable oils. and. 5.155-5.165 clauses

customary laytime. 2.207-2.285 fined laytime, 2.1-2.206

commencement ree olro Commencement of laytime arrival at specified destination, 3.2-3.1 14 changes, 3.345-3.526 inlroduction, 3.1 notice of readiness, 3.216-3.344 readiness to load and discharge, 3.115-3.215

INDEX

Laytime--conf. "Legal holidilys" completion intemptions and exceptions to laytime, and,

.see olro Completion of laytime 4.233 d ~ y cargo, 5.2s5.42 "Legal and local holidays" general points, 5.4-5.19 intemptions and exceptions to laytime, and. introduction, 5.1-5.3 4.2394.240 liquid cargo, 5.43-5.68 Legal readiness lo load and discharge

customary laytime additional requirements, 3.191-3.200 see ulso Customary laytime common law, 3.171-3.172 commencement of loadldischarge, 2.229-2.238 conwcts of sale, 3.203-3.205 custom, 2.220-2.227 customs clearance. 3.173 custamav despatch, 2.219 free pratique and quarantine, 3.174-3.190 delay, 2.239-2.278 generally, 3.167-3.170 exceeding, 2.283-2.284 implied requirements, 3.2063.208 introduction, 2.207-2.208 the Indian cases, 3.209-3.215 other terms of charterparty, 2.279-2.282 Length of delay overview, 1.17 strikes, and. 4.3524.357 quick despatch, 2.285 "Liheny to complete" clause "reasonahlc time", 2.209-2.218 multiple charters, and, 5.100

definition, 1.10 Lien definitions. Appendix A demurrage, and fixed laytime construction of the charter. 6.22CL6.230 re* a130 Fixed laytimc

days and hours, 2.62.143 effectiveness. 6.231-6.238

introduction, 2.1-2.5 generally, 6.206-6.213

overview, 1.18 introduction, 6.171-6.175

rates of working cargo, 2,144-2.206 detention, and, 8.70-8.72

general principles. 1.16-1.28 Lightening

intemptions and exceptions Exxonvoy, 4.51 1

rrr also Interruptions and exceptions to laytime ge"eml'y, 4.5034.513

any other cause, 4.874.97 time used, 451411.519

congestion. 4.1384.141 Liner terms contra profennrum rule. 4.5-4.12 customary laytime, and. 2.207 fault, 4.184.86 Liquid cargo general exception clauses, 4 .984133 completion of laytime, and, 5.43-5.68 general principles, 4.13-4.17 Local custom holidays, 4.2154.303 Saturdays, and, 4.264-4.269 inwoduction, 4.14.4 Local law lightening, 4.5034.519 Saturdays, and. 4.270-4.276 overtime ordered by port authorities. Lock-out of essential workmen

4,1344137 Centrocon strike clause, and, 4.3784.380 overview. 1.24 Longshoremen's days shifting, 4.426-4.498 strikes. 4.304-4.425 warping, 4.4994.502 weather, 4.1424.214

introduction. 1.1-1.8 multiple charters

cargo operations canied out whilst waiting, 5.14&5.143

carriage af edible uegecable oils, 5.149-5.172 commencement of laytime, 5.111-5.1 16 demurrage. 5.14G5.148 introduction, 5.100-5.102 reading chaners separately or together,

5.103-5.110 time lost waiting in henh, 5.1 17-5.139

reversing cases, 5.86-5.96 introduction, 5.69-5.76

vegetable oil^, and, 5.155-5.165 voyage chartera, and, 1.1 1-1.15

intemptions and exceptions to laytime, and, 4.228

Loss of turn commencement of laytime, and. 3.511-3.512

Mabon's day colliery working days. and, 2.40

Master's claim demurrage, and, 6.24M.249

Mitigation demurrage, and, 6.50-6.60

Multiple charters Bimchemvoy. 5.101 cargo operations canied out whilst waiting,

5.14&5.143 carriage of edihle vegetable oils

colnnlencement of laylime. 5.153-5.154 demurrage. 5.155-5.165 inuoduction, 5.149-5.151 laytime, 5.155-5.165

Multiple charters-mt. carriage of edible vegetable oils+onf.

nomination of loading and discharging berths, 5 152 - ~ - -

squeegeeing and sweeping, 5.166 wanshipment. 5.168-5.172

commencement of laytime, 5.1 11-5.1 16 demurrage, 5.144-5.148 introduction, 5.1W5.102 "lihertv to com~lete" clause. 5.100 reading chmers separately or together,

5.103-5.110 time lost in waiting for henh, 5.1 17-5.139

Natural phenomena customary laytime, and, 2.275-2.278

New Worldscale demurrage, and. 6.24

Nan-production of hills of lading intemptions and exceptions to laytime, and,

4.674.73 "Non-working holidays"

intemptions and exceptions to laytime, and, 4.241

Non-working part of day Saturdays, and, 4.277

Norgrain charter waiting for berth, 3.430-3.431

Notice of readiness acceptance, 3.298-3.328 advance of arrival, in, 3,249-3.252 Asbatankvoy, and, 3.289-3.297 commencement date for lilytime. before,

3.258-3.259 comctneaa, 3.26s3.288 demurrage, and, 6.1054.1 13 express provisions, 3.233-3.248 generally, 32163,219 lapse of time between readiness and

commencement. 3.253-3.257 method of transmission, 3.220-3.232 timing, 3.220-3.232

Obstructions beyond control of charterers Ccntrocon strike clause, and

docks, in, 4.367-4.369 loding places, in, 4.3674.369 railways, on. 4.37W.371

"Official and local holidays" intemptions and exceptions to laytime, and.

4.2344.236 Opening hatches

intemptions and exceptiuns to lilytime, and, 4 Overstowed cargo

physical readiness to load and discharge, and. 3.149-3.151

Overtime ordered by port authorities. 41344.137 Saturdays, 4.263

Pan-day holidays intemptions and exceptions to laytime, and,

4.253-4.257 Payment of demurrage

generally, 6.25 time, 6,2744,276

Payment of port dues intemptions and exceptions to laytime, and,

Permanent ahsence from pon demurrage, and. 6.162-6.168

Physical readiness to load and discharge load and discharge equipment, 3.152-3.163 generally, 3.12C-3.148 other matten. 3164-3.166 overstowed cargo. 3.149-3.151

Pan Charterparty Laytime Detinitions, 3.51 Voylaymles, 3.52

Port authorities customary laytime. and, 2.268-2.272

Port charters arrival at specified destination, and

anival within the port, 3.51-3.63 immediate and effective disposition of the

charterer, 3.M-3.114 introduction, 3.48-3.50

introduction, 1.22 Proof of loss

demurrage, and, 6.50-6.60

Quamndne legal readinas to load and discharge, and,

3.174-3.190 Quick despatch

customary laytime, and, 2.285

Rain, hail, snow and sleet intemptions and exceptions to laytime, and,

4.149 Rate of demurrage

generally. 6.2M.23 New Worldscale, 6.24

Rate oer hatch Charterparty Laytime Definitions, 2.169 generally, 2.104-2.172 Voylilyrules, 2.171

Rate per hook fixed laytime, and, 2.173-2.176

Rate oer (available) wurkine hatch . . availability of holds, 2.163 generally. 2.145-2162 rate per hatch

Charterparty Laytime Definitions, 2.169 generally, 2.164-2.172 Voylayrules. 2.171

rate oer hook. 2.173-2176 specified number of available working hatches,

2.193-2.206 total daily rate, 2.177-2.192 Voylaymle~, 2.147

"Re~chable on arrival" Baltic Code, 3.458

"Reachable on arrival"--cnnr. generally, 3.432-3.457 shifting from anchorage to berth, and,

4.4414.469 Readiness to load and discharge

cancellation clause, and, 3.329-3.335 generally, 3.115-3.119 legal aspects

additional rcquiremem, 3.191-3.200 common law. 3.171-3.172 contracts of sale, 3.203-3.205 customs clearance, 3.173 free pratique and quarantine. 3.174-3190 nenerallv. 3.167-3.170 " , . implied requirements, 3.206-3.208 the Indian cases, 3.209-3.215

physical aspects load and discharge equipment, 3.152-3.163 generally, 3,120-3.148 other mauers, 31643.166 overstowed cargo, 3.149-3.151

"Reasonable time" customary laytime. and, 2.209-2.218

Receivers demurrage. and. 6.183-6.197

Religious holidays intemptions and exceptions to laytime. and,

4.229 Reversing

cases, 5.86-5.96 despatch. and, 7.25-7.29 . a introduction, 5.69-5.76

Riots Centrocan strike clause, and. 4.3754.377

Running days generally, 2.17-2.22 interruptions to laytime, and, 4.1874.192 Voylayrules, 2.20 "weather permitting", 2.92-2.11 1

Running hours generally, 2.36 internotions to lavtime. and. 4.1874.192

Saturdays Baltimore Form C clause, 4.2784.283 eenerallv. 4.2584.262 iocal cuitom, 4.26U.269 local law, 4.2704.276 non-working part of stay, 4.277 avertimc, 4.263 weilther working days, and

calculation method A. 2.84 calculation method R. 2.85

Seal inspections interruptions and exceptions to laytime, and,

4.644.65

INDEX

Shifting anchorage to berth, froin

cu8tom. 4.4374.438 introduction, 4.4274.430 reachable on arrival, 4.4414.469 time not to count, 4.4314.436

anchorage outside the pon to berth, from, 4.4394.440

demurrase. and. 6.91 " enforced by weather or port authorities,

4.4774.484 expenses, 4.4854.498 introduction, 4.426 one berth to another, from, 4.47W4.476

Sleet - ~ ~ - ~ interruptions and exceplions to laytime, and,

4.149 Snow

intemptions and exceptions to laytime. and, 4.149

'So near thereto as she may safely get" anticipated delay, 3.487 closeness to port, 3.4%3.491 generally, 3.473-3.480 nature of the obstacle. 3.481-3.484 proponion of cargo loadedldischarged,

3.492-3.493 time spent waiting, 3.485-3.486 text, Appendix C

Squeegeeing carriage of edible vegetable oils, and, 5.166

Stevedores fault of shipowner. and. 4.414.51

Stoppages Centrocon strike clause, and, 4.3724.374

Stom half rate demurrage. and, 6.996.104

Strikes causation

congestion, 4.3244332 consequential delay, 4 .32U.332 introduction, 4.31U.320 provision of cargo. 4.3214.323

Centrocan clause civil commotions, 4.3754.377 first pan, 4.363-4.380 fourth pan, 4.3904.391 introduction, 4.3594.362 lock-out of essential workmen, 4.3784.380 obstluctions beyond control of chilrterers,

4.3674.371 riots. 4.3754.377 second part, 4.3814.385 specified causes, 4.366 stoppages, 4.372L4.374 strike of esselltial worltmen, 4.3784.380 third part, 4.38W.389

congestion introduction, 4.324 where delay allowed. 4.3254.327 where delay not allowed, 4.3284.332

475

INDEX

S t r i k e s o n t . consequential delay

introduction, 4.324 where allowed, 4.3254.327 where not allowed. 43284,332

customary laytime, and, 2.262-2.267 Gencon clause. 4.3924.425 introduction, 4.3044.305 length of delay, 4.352-4.357 lessening of effect

alternative action, 4,3334,335 alternative cargo, 4.3374.340 alternative labour, 4.3494.351 alternative method of loading/discharging,

4.3414.348 alternative port, 4.336 change of berth, 43414.348

meaning, 4.306-4.315 provision of cargo, 4.3214.323 Voylayrules, 4.31 1

Sugar Charterparty general exception clause, 4.102

Sundays fixed laytime, and, 2.1 1

Surf interruptions and exceptions to laytime. and,

4.1724.175 Sus~ension of lavtime

general principles, and, 1.24 Swell

lntemptlona and exceptions to laytlme, a d , 4.17W.180

Tanker waanties demurrage. and, 6.1 14-6148

Temporary absence from port demurrage, and. 6.1624.168

Third parties customary laytime, and. 2.273-2.274

Time bars demurrage, and, 6.2614.273

l ime lost in waiting for berth count as laytime, to

calculation of time lost, 3.424-3.427 generally, 3.406-3.423

count in full. to generally, 3.428-3.429 Norgrain charter, 3.430 waiting for berth, 3.43b3.431

multiple charters, and. 5.1 17-5.139 "Time to commence on heing reported at the

Custom House" commencement of laytime. and, 3,521-3.524

"To be loaded as per colliery guarantee" commencement of laytime, and, 3.525-3.526

Total daily rate rate per (available) working hatch, and,

2.177-2192 Transhipment

carriage of edible vegetable oils, and, 5168-5.172

4

Vegetable oils, carriage of commencement of laytime, 5.153-5.154 demurrage, 5.155-5.165 introduction. 5.149-5.151 laytime, 5.155-5.165 nomination of loading and discharging berths.

5.152 squeegeeing and sweeping, 5.166 transhipment, 5.168-5.172

Voyage charters demurrage. and. 1.1 1-1.15 introduction, 1.1-1.8 meaning, 1.13 stages, 1.11-1.15 types, 1.16-1.22

Voyage Charterparty Laytime Interpretation Rulea .?,A- ,773

.Tee also Voylayrules 1993 introduction, 1 8

Voylayrules 1993 commencement of laytime

berth. 3.30 free pratique. 3.183 in writing, 3.234 notice of readiness, 3.216 port, 3.52 reachable on her arrival, 3.455 time lost in waiting for berth to count as

laytime, 3.4011 unless sooner commenced, 3.344 whether in berth or not, 3.391

definitions: Appendix A demurrage, 6.1 despatch, 7.2 fixed laytime

rate per hatch, 2.171 rate per (available) working hatch, 2.147 running days, 2.20 weather working days of 24 consecutive hours

2.141 weather working days, 2.91

holidays p i o f a day, 4.254 working in excepted periods, 4.293

introduction, 1.8 strikes, 4.311 working in excepted periods

not provided for, 4.303 provided for. 4.293

. " intemptions and exceptions to lnytime. and

4.4994.502 Weather

atmospheric precipitation. 4.149 bore tides, 41814.185 causation. and, 4.186 Canuco clause, 4.2094.214 customaly laylime, and, 2.275-2.278 exceptions, 4.1934.208 frost, 4.1574.163 high winds. 4.149

INDEX

Weather--conr. Weather working days of 24 consecutive ice, 41644.17 1 hours--rant. intempliuns, 4.1874.192 gcncrally, 2.lrn2.143 ietroduction. 4.1424.147 Voylayrulcs, 2.141 limits. 4.1484.156 Weekend clause meaning, 4.144 Saturdays. and. 4.284-4.288 rain, hail, snow and sleet, 4.149 "Whether in berth or not"

surf, 4.17212.175 commencement of laytime, and, 3.374-3.397 "Whether in port or not"

swell, 4.17H.180 commencement of laytime, and. 3.398-3.405

"Weather permitting" Work to rule generally, 2.92-2.1 11 Centrocon strike clause. and, 4.402 working days of 24 consecutive hours, 2.139 Working days working days of 24 hours, 2.130 colliery working days, 2.37-2.40 working hours, 2.1 12 generally. 2.23-2.33

Weather working days holidays, and, 4.2434.252 calculation of weather interruptions. 2.59-2.79 intemptions to laytime, and, 4.1874.192 Charterparty I..aytime Definitions, 2.44 running working days, 2.34-2.36 generally, 2.41-2.58 "weather permitting", 2.92-2.11 I incomplete d;dys. 2.80-2.90 Working days of 24 consecutive hours

intemptions Lu laytime, and, 4.1 87-4.192 tired laytime, and. 2.133-2.139

Saturdays Working days of 24 hours calculation method A, 2.84 tired laytime, and, 2.1 12-2.125

calculation method B, 2.85 Working houra per working day fixed laytime, and, 2.126-2.132

calculation method C. 2862.90 Working in excepted pcriods introduction. 2.80-2.83 introduction, 4.289

"weather permitting", 2.111 not provided for, 4.29H.303 Voylayrules, 2.91 wherc provided for. 4.2904.295

Weather working days of 24 consecutive houra "Working time saved" Chmerparty Laytime Definitions, 2.140 despatch, and, 7.4

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