lcmt conf proc 2013
TRANSCRIPT
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Proceeding of the LJMU 12th Annual International Conference on PAVEMENT ENGINEERING AND INFRASTRUCTURE 27th 28th February 2013, Liverpool, UK. Volume 12, ISBN 978-0-9571804-2-0
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Proceeding of The 12th Annual International Conference on PAVEMENT ENGINEERING AND INFRASTRUCTURE
27 -28 February, 2013, Britannia Adelphi Hotel, Liverpool, UK
SUPPORTED BY:
RSTA Cardiff Council Findlay IrvineLafarge Aggregates Stirling Lloyd
The Chartered Institution of Highways and Transportation The Institution of
Asphalt Technology The Institution of Civil Engineers Merseyside
BranchTotal Bitumen Transport Scotland University of UlsterUniversity of Nottingham & WRAP
LIVERPOOL CENTRE FOR MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES (BEST) RESEARCH INSTITUTE SCHOOL OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Volume 12 ISBN 978-0-9571804-2-0 February 2013
Editor Professor Hassan Al Nageim
Professor of Structural Engineering Head of Liverpool Centre for Materials Technology
Conference Director
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Proceeding of the LJMU 12th Annual International Conference on PAVEMENT ENGINEERING AND INFRASTRUCTURE 27th 28th February 2013, Liverpool, UK. Volume 12, ISBN 978-0-9571804-2-0
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CONTENTS Day One Conference Programme .......................................................................................... 4
Day One: Speakers Short CVs.............................................................................................. 6
Day One: Papers .................................................................................................................. 11
DEVELOPMENTS IN SURFACE DRESSING THE ECONOMIC SOLUTION .......... 11
RESEARCH INTO POTHOLE FORMATION .................................................................. 12
COLD MIX ASPHALT FOR ROAD REINSTATEMENTS, ROAD AND
HIGHWAYS: NEW DEVELOPMENTS ............................................................................ 13
LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY: BITUMEN .......................................................................... 14
DEVELOPING A SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY OF AGGREGATES TO MEET THE
NEEDS OF RAPIDLY EXPANDING INFRASTRUCTURE IN QATAR ....................... 15
NOVEL ASSESSMENTS ON DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF UNBOUND
MATERIALS BY MEANS OF DEFLECTOMETRIC TESTS .......................................... 16
DETERMINATION OF MIXING AND COMPACTION TEMPERATURES OF
WARM MIXES WITH MODIFIED BINDERS ................................................................. 17
VERIFICATION OF A FALLING WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER USING A
GOLDEN SLAB .................................................................................................................. 18
NEW CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL: UNDERSTANDING THE HYDRATION
PROCESS USING INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AND THERMAL ANALYSIS ........ 19
HIGH FRICTION SURFACING SYSTEMS USING NATURAL AGGREGATE ........... 20
PAVEMENT RUTTING PREDICTION MODELS USING ARTIFICIAL
NEURAL NETWORK TECHNIQUE ................................................................................ 21
POTENTIAL PERFORMANCE-RELATED PROPERTIES OF RUBBERIZED
BITUMINOUS MIXTURES PRODUCED WITH DRY TECHNOLOGY ....................... 22
PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS AND CE MARKING FOR PRODUCTS ............. 23
Day Two Conference Programme ....................................................................................... 24
Day Two: Speakers Short CVs ........................................................................................... 27
Day Two- Papers.................................................................................................................. 32
EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF AIR-FOAMED STABILIZED
MIXTURE OF WASTED SOILS AS SUBGRADE ........................................................... 32
EFFECT OF SASOBIT ON MIX DESIGN PARAMETERS ............................................. 33
LABORATORY ASSESSMENT OF ROLLER COMPACTED CONCRETE BY
APPLICATION OF STEEL POLYMERS IN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS IN
IRAN .................................................................................................................................... 34
EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF STRESS ABSORBING
MEMBRANE INTERLAYERS (SAMIS) AGAINST REFLECTIVE CRACKING UNDER THERMAL LOADING ........................................................................................ 35
APPLICATION OF CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND 2.5D LASER
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SCANNING TO BETTER UNDERSTAND TYRE /ASPHALT INTERACTION ........... 36
EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF AGGREGATE GRADING FOR TYPE III
APPLICATION OF MICRO-SURFACING USING ISSA MIX DESIGN
PROCEDURE ...................................................................................................................... 37
UTILIZATION OF STEEL SLAG AGGREGATES IN HOT MIX BITUMINOUS
PAVEMENT ........................................................................................................................ 38
COMPARISON STUDY BETWEEN LIME APPLICATION METHODS ON
HMA ASPHALT CONCRETE IN IRAQ ........................................................................... 39
EFECTS OF RICE-HUSK ASH AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR CEMENT
ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE ......... 40
EVALUATION OF WARM ASPHALT TECHNOLOGIES CONTAINING
RECYCLED ASPHALT PAVEMENT ............................................................................... 41
UTILISATION OF WASTE PLASTICS IN CONSTRUCTION OF FLEXIBLE
PAVEMENT ........................................................................................................................ 42
FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE
CONCRETE AND THE EFFECT OF POLYPROPYLENE FIBRE ................................. 43
POLYMIX: POLYMER WASTES IN ASPHALT MIXES: A WAY TO
INCREASE SUSTAINABILITY OF ROADS INFRASTRUCTURES ............................. 44
Durability and Stiffness Modulus of a New Cold Rolled Asphalt Containing
Cement and Waste Fly Ash.................................................................................................. 45
REVIEW OF POTENTIAL WARM MIX ASPHALT TECHNOLOGY IN
IRELAND ............................................................................................................................ 46
LOW TEMPERATURE FRACTURE BEHAVIOUR INVESTIGATION FOR
RECYCLED ASPHALT PAVEMENTS ............................................................................ 47
ASSESSMENT OF WATER AND TEMPERATURE SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF
COLD RECYCLED BITUMINOUS EMULSION MIXTURES USING THE NAT
IN THE ITSM MODE OF TESTING ................................................................................. 48
THE USE OF GRANITE BY-PRODUCTS IN ROAD ASPHALT LAYERS ................... 49
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF MODIFIED ASPHALT MIXTURES USING
IRON NANO OXIDE .......................................................................................................... 50
FOAMED ASPHALT TECHNOLOGY: TEST RESULTS WITH
CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE ............................................................ 51
USE OF LOCAL AGGREGATES AS SUSTAINABLE ASPHALT SURFACING
MATERIALS ....................................................................................................................... 52
A NEW PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY FOR POROUS ASPHALT ......................... 53
Information for Prospective Authors ................................................................................... 54
Exhibitor List ....................................................................................................................... 58
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Proceeding of the LJMU 12th Annual International Conference on PAVEMENT ENGINEERING AND INFRASTRUCTURE 27th 28th February 2013, Liverpool, UK. Volume 12, ISBN 978-0-9571804-2-0
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Welcome to the 2013 LJMU International Annual Conference
This year marks the 12th anniversary of the annual LJMU international conference on sustainable construction
materials, pavement engineering and infrastructure in Liverpool.
We would like to extend our heartfelt thanks to all the speakers, distinguished guests, exhibitors and delegates,
particularly those who have traveled far to our city, for participating in this years conference. We have delegates from 12 countries including many specialists and experts in their field to share with us their
knowledge and experience on all aspects of pavement engineering and related sustainability issues.
This year and as for the last four years the conference is extended over two days and we are extremely fortunate
to have an impressive array of speakers presenting papers under the general theme of research and practical
applications using sustainable materials/technology in pavement engineering and infrastructure.
The scope of the conference is wide enough to give everyone an up to date review of the current work being
carried out in this field and also provides a useful networking arena for making new contacts and to be brought
up to speed with the latest industry and academic developments.
The conference organizing committee wishes to express its gratitude to the sponsoring companies and
institutions that have supported the conference and helped in one way or another to make this conference a
success. We would particularly like to acknowledge the continuous support from Road Surface Treatments
Association, RSTA, and thanks the chairmen on day one and day two and the speakers for their outstanding
contributions. We would also like to thank the excellent work of the LJMU Conference and Event Services team,
Harry Morton and Richard Simm from the IT Department.
We are confident that this 12th LJMU annual conference will be informative, inspiring and rewarding to all the
participants, generate new ideas for further research and help build a global technology network between UK,
Europe, America , Middle East and the Far East.
The Secretariat help desk is there to assist you and facilitate your participation. Please contact them for any
assistance that you may require during the day. Please wear your name badge at all the times during the
conference, as it will help identify delegates, create a friendly atmosphere and hopefully stimulate general
discussion. Importantly this will also serve as identification for your admission to the conference activities.
On behalf of the conference organizing committee may we wish you an informative, rewarding and enjoyable
time here and look forward to seeing you again next year.
Professor Hassan Al Nageim Professor of Structural Engineering
Head of Liverpool Centre for Materials Technology
Conference Director
Professor Howard Robinson LJMU Visiting Professor, Chief Executive,
RSTA
Conference Chairman
Visit us on the web on http://www.ljmu.ac.uk/blt/best/lcmt/index.htm.
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Day One Conference Programme DAY 1 Wednesday 27
th FEBRUARY 2013
Venue: BRITANNIA ADELPHI HOTEL, LIVERPOOL L3 5UL, UK
08:30 Registration, Refreshment and Exhibition
09:00 Welcome by the Conference Chairman, Professor Howard Robinson, Road Surface Treatments Association, RSTA, UK
09:05 Opening Address, Professor Nigel Weatherill, Vice Chancellor, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
Morning Programme
Session 1, Chairman: Professor Howard Robinson, RSTA, UK.
09:10 Dougie Millar, Transport Scotland, UK New Surfacing Specification for Scotland
Latest developments.
09:30 Owen Jenkins, Cardiff Council, UK Asset Management - The South Gloucestershire
Experience.
09:50 Mike Harper, Stirling Lloyd, UK Crack and Joint Repair Systems.
10:10 John Barritt, Wrap, UK The Road to Construction Resource Efficiency.
10:30 Questions & Discussion
10:35 Refreshments and Exhibition
Session 2, Chairman: John Richardson, Colas, UK
11:05 Gary Schofield, Total Bitumen, UK Developments in Surface Dressing The
Economic Solution
11:25 Campbell Waddell, Findlay Irvine, UK Developments in Skid Resistance
Monitoring.
11:45 Nick Thom, University of Nottingham, UK Research into Pothole Formation.
12:05 Prof. Hassan Al Nageim, LJMU, UK Cold Mix Asphalt for Road Reinstatements,
Road and Highways: New Developments.
12:25 Questions & Discussion 12:30 Lunch and Exhibition
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Proceeding of the LJMU 12th Annual International Conference on PAVEMENT ENGINEERING AND INFRASTRUCTURE 27th 28th February 2013, Liverpool, UK. Volume 12, ISBN 978-0-9571804-2-0
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CONFERENCE PROGRAMME
DAY 1 Wednesday 27th
FEBRUARY 2013
Venue: BRITANNIA ADELPHI HOTEL, LIVERPOOL, UK
Afternoon Programme
Session 3, Chairman: Prof. Alan Woodside, University of Ulster, UK
13:30 Mike Southern, Eurobitumen, Belgium Life Cycle Inventory: Bitumen.
13:50 Murray J Reid, Dr K A Hassan and Dr M S Al-Kuwari, TRL, UK Developing a
Sustainable Supply of Aggregates to Meet the Needs of Rapidly Expanding
Infrastructure in Qatar.
14:10 Alessandro Marradi & Giacomo Betti, Italy, Novel assessments on dynamic
behavior of unbound materials by means of deflectometric tests.
14:30 Rajan Choudhary and Priyansh Singh, India Determination of Mixing and
Compaction Temperatures of Warm Mixes with Modified Binders.
14:50 Richard Stain and Mark Dawkins, UK Verification of a Falling Weight Deflectometer
Using a Golden Slab.
15:10 Questions & Discussion
15:15 Refreshments and Exhibition
Session 4, Chairman: Dr. John Murray Reid, TRL, UK
15:35 Monower Sadique, Research Fellow at LJMU, UK New Cementitious Material: Understanding the Hydration Process Using Infrared Spectroscopy and Thermal Analysis.
15:50 David Woodward, University of Ulster, UK High Friction Surfacing Systems Using
Natural Aggregate.
16:05 Taddesse Ephrem, Norway Pavement Rutting Prediction Models Using Artificial Neural Network Technique.
16:20 Prof. Ezio Santagata, Italy The Effects of Crumb Rubber on the Performance-
Related Characteristics of Wearing Course Mixtures.
16:35 Ian Walsh, Road Consultants Ltd., UK Performance Specifications and CE Marking
for Products.
16:50 Questions and Closing Remarks by the Conference Chairman and Director
Professor Hassan Al-Nageim, Liverpool John Moores University
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Day One: Speakers Short CVs
Dougie Millar
Materials & QA Advisor, Transport Scotland, UK
Owen Jenkins, Cardiff Council, UK
Owen Jenkins: is a Chartered Manager and has worked in the public and
private sector and gained extensive experience in Asset Management,
Design and Operations, Street Lighting and Procurement , Open Spaces,
Road Safety, Structures, Landscape Consultancy, Cemeteries and
Allotments and Waste Disposal.
Before highways, Owen worked in many countries including UAE,
Pakistan, Seychelles and Burma within the oil exploration, GIS and
surveying industries, as well as spending time on specialist access civil
engineering projects involving abseil and confined spaces techniques.
Out of work Owen is a PADI Diving Instructor and enjoys good wine!
Mike Harper, Stirling Lloyd, UK
Mike Harper: BSc(Hons), DipM, MCIM, MBA, is Development Director
for Stirling Lloyd and has global responsibility for their Safetrack
portfolio of highway materials. Mike has 24 years in highway materials
and 13 years at Stirling Lloyd. Mike is chairman of the RSTA committee
on Crack Sealing & Joint Repair, as well as chairman of the RSTA High
Friction Surfacing committee.
John Barritt, WRAP, UK
John is part of the WRAP Construction and Refurbishment team,
improving resource efficiency in construction and reducing waste to
landfill. He has worked with the WRAP/Environment Agency Waste
Protocols team developing end of waste Quality Protocols for aggregates from a range of secondary resources.
He has over 40 years experience in the construction materials industry, covering ready mix concrete, asphalt, quarrying, marine aggregates, slag
and recycling.
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Gary Schofield
Total Bitumen, UK
Campbell Waddell
Findlay Irvine, UK
Nick Thom, University of Nottingham, UK
Nick Tom has been working in the fields of highway and pavement
engineering for over 30 years. He has been an academic staff member at the
University of Nottingham for 22 years and has supervised numerous
doctoral and masters research projects on asphalt and other pavement
materials, pavement design, evaluation and maintenance. A specific area of
interest is the development of practical pavement design tools.
Prof. Hassan Al Nageim, LJMU, UK
Professor Hassan Al Nageim BSc (Hons.), MSc, PhD, CEng, FIHT, FInstNDT
Professor of Structural Engineering
Head of Liverpool Centre for Materials Technology
Editor-in-Chief: The International Journal of Pavement Engineering &
Asphalt Technology, ISSN 1464-8164
Adjunct Dean: College of Engineering, ACCRA, Ghana
School of the Built Environment , Liverpool John Moores University, UK www.ljmu.ac.uk/blt/best/lcmt/index.htm
Mike Southern, Eurobitumen, Belgium Mike is a chemist and started his career in Colas UK in the R&D department
working mainly on the rheology of bitumen polymer blends. Since then he
has worked in the Shell UK technical department, Shell International
bitumen division and since 2005 has been the Technical Director for
Eurobitume, the European bitumen association.
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Murray J Reid, TRL, UK
Murray Reid is a principal consultant at TRL in Crowthorne, Berkshire. He
is a chartered geologist with 33 years experience in geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering consultancy and research. He has particular
expertise in sustainable construction and the use of recycled and secondary
aggregates. Murray will present the paper on behalf of his co-authors.
Alessandro Marradi, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Alessandro Marradi is Technical Responsible of the activities of the Road
Research Laboratory of the University of Pisa (Italy) since 1997, Senior
Researcher of "Road Railway and Airport Constructions" in 2002, Assistant
Professor of the same discipline since 2003. Since 2009, also cooperate
actively with Dynatest in the field of pavement evaluation, innovative
pavement testing, road and airport pavement management systems. The
main scientific and academic activities of Alessandro Marradi are in the
field of road materials, pavement analysis and design, innovative materials
for road construction, pavement sustainability, pavement and material
testing
Dr. Rajan Choudhary,
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (I.I.T.), India.
Richard Stain, Testconsult Ltd
Richard Stain has spent most of his working life with Testconsult Ltd,
first as an engineer working on road construction and feasibility studies
overseas. Sudan, Yemen, Iran to name a few.
In 1986 he was appointed managing director of the company, leading a
buyout from the French parent company in 1994.
He has always had a keen interest in non destructive testing methods and
has developed several foundation integrity test methods in the last ten
years.
A keen sailor, cyclist and beekeeper. Not quite ready to retire just yet.
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Dr.Monower Sadique BSc MSc PhD CEng MCIHT
Sadique obtained his first degree in Civil Engineering at Chittagong
University of Engineering and Technology (CUET). Sadique joined in
Bangladesh Civil Service and appointed as Assistant Engineer of
Bangladesh Roads and Highways Department, RHD (www.rhd.gov.bd)
under Ministry of Communication in 1999. During his employment with
RHD, Sadique was involved with various Pre-stress Concrete Bridges and
National and Regional Highways construction projects in Bangladesh.
In 2008, Sadique enrolled in University of Birmingham for pursue Post
graduate study. He obtained MSc in Road Management and Engineering in
2009 from University of Birmingham with Distinction.
Sadique obtained PhD in 2012 from LJMU and his thesis was entitled as
Development of Low Carbon Cement from waste fly ash. On completion of his PhD Sadique took up an EPSRC Research Fellow position in
Coventry University and worked till January 2013. Recently Sadique Joined
in LJMU as Research Fellow in a project funded by the National Joint
Utilities Group.
Sadique is a registered member of Engineering Council UK (as Chartered
Civil Engineer, CEng) and Member of Chartered Institution of Highways
and Transportation (CIHT).
Sadique also published technical papers in various peer reviewed
International Journals and Conferences.
David Woodward, University of Ulster, UK
Reader in Highway Engineering at the University of Ulster and responsible
for the Highway Engineering Research Group. Graduated from the Ulster
Polytechnic in 1982 with a degree in geology and later with a Masters in
1988 and PhD in 1995 both in aggregate related subjects at the University of
Ulster. He is current Chairman of the Northern Ireland Branch of the IAT
and a Member of the IOQ, CIHT and IEI. Research interests include
aggregate performance, interfacial stress, skid resistance and sustainable
highway technologies.
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Taddesse Ephrem, Norway
Ephrem Taddesse is born in the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa, and got
his BSc degree in civil engineering (with distinction) from Addis Ababa
University. After his graduation, he worked as highway design engineer
and pavement materials engineer on several road projects in Ethiopia and
abroad. At the same time worked as part time lecturer at Addis Ababa
University. In 2000 he joined the university of Hannover in Germany for
his master of science study in geotechnique and infrastructure. In 2005
he joined the Norwegian University of science and technology in
Trondheim, Norway, for his PhD study in the field of pavement
technology. Since 2011 he joined the university of Agder in southern
Norway as associate professor mainly responsible for teaching and
research in pavement engineering field.
Ezio Santagata,
Professor T Department of Environmental, Land and Infrastructure
Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Ian Walsh, Road Consultants Ltd., UK
Prof. Ian D Walsh MBE , CEng: 30yrs as Head of Laboratory for Kent
County Council gave Ian a unique insight into the workings of the
surfacing industry and Client side operations of highways design,
specification and materials for maintenance. He still represents ADEPT
on BBA HAPAS, BSI and National Highway Sector Scheme committees
after years of service to CEN standards. He continues to provide services
to lawyers, contractors and Local Authorities
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Day One: Papers
DEVELOPMENTS IN SURFACE DRESSING THE ECONOMIC SOLUTION
Gary Schofield
Total Bitumen
ABSTRACT
The recent economic climate has led to resurgence in Surface Dressing and Micro Surfacing
processes. These processes have proven to be effective and efficient in many areas. This
paper looks at the impact of modern developments in these surface treatments against hot mix;
in terms of performance, time efficiency, cost effectiveness and carbon impact.
There are many examples of Surface dressings on major routes performing in excess of 15
years, applied over a period of hours with the binder at temperatures of 85 degrees Celcius
and the aggregate at ambient. How does this compare with the alternative approach of
planing, and reinstatement with equivalent depth of hot mix; in terms of disruption to the
general public; impact on the environment and long term performance? Modern techniques
have also enabled surface dressing binders to be applied at temperatures up to 25oC lower
than traditional binders; this paper will look at the further benefits of these binder types.
The specifier has a wide range of options to consider, and the industry has to present
quantitative information for a properly considered decision to be made. This paper will begin
to look at some of these considerations.
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RESEARCH INTO POTHOLE FORMATION
Nick Thom University of Nottingham, UK
ABSTRACT
This paper describes an initial series of laboratory tests carried out to simulate the type of
damage sustained by an asphalt pavement that is likely to give rise to pot-holes. The tests
successfully demonstrated the relative importance of temperature, layer bonding and whether
the pavement is wet or not, and succeeded in producing alligator cracking of the form
commonly associated with pothole development. In particular the effect of water was found
to be dramatic in leading to an increased rate of damage and the presence of a tack coat was
found to inhibit surface cracking very effectively. The paper then goes on to discuss the
options for analysis of pavement disintegration. An analysis of the effect of layer debonding
is illustrated, demonstrating the likelihood of premature surface course failure in such a case,
and the ways in which the damaging effect of water might be taken into account are discussed.
Finally the issue of cold spots developing during compaction is illustrated and an analysis
approach proposed.
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COLD MIX ASPHALT FOR ROAD REINSTATEMENTS, ROAD AND
HIGHWAYS: NEW DEVELOPMENTS
Prof. Hassan Al Nageim LCMT, LJMU, UK
ABSTRACT
This paper reports the mechanical properties and XRD analysis of a new cold mix asphalt
developed for use in highway and airfield pavement structural layers including surfacing
pavement.
The main filler in the traditional Cold Mix Asphalt (CMA) is replaced with treated biomass
waste fly ash materials. The waste or by-product materials were used as a modifier of the
cold bitumen mixtures.
Fly ash which is waste or by-product material was incorporated in the cold bituminous
emulsion mixtures at five percentages 0-5.5% of aggregate weight in the mixture. The results
have shown outstanding comparative improvement in the mechanical properties of the new
cold mixtures compared with traditional cold mix asphalt. The reason for achieving these
results was explained in this paper by the analysis of XRD of the fine mineral-emulsified
mortar used in this study.
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LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY: BITUMEN
Timo Blomberg, Frederick Bernard and Mike Southern
Eurobitume, Belgium.
ABSTRACT
In 2009 Eurobitume decided to update and enhance the bitumen life cycle inventory (LCI)
originally published in 1999. The bitumen LCI is a cradle to gate study.
This article is a synthesis of the Life cycle inventory: bitumen report published by Eurobitume in March 2011.
The study covers paving grade bitumen from the product standard EN 12591 table 1. The
main bitumen production route is straight-run distillation (atmospheric distillation + vacuum
distillation). Other manufacturing processes were evaluated. In addition to bitumen, LCIs for
polymer modified bitumen and bitumen emulsion were calculated. The report is based upon
the most recent information available from the crude oil production and refining industry.
Where primary data were not available data from the Ecoinvent database were used. The
allocation between bitumen and other co-products made from crude oil is based on mass
balances at the crude oil extraction and the transport stages. At the refining level, the
allocation is based on relative economic values. The environmental impacts resulting from
such emissions have not been assessed. The life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) based on
these data would be the next step in a full life cycle assessment. The report gives
recommendations how these data can be used. The LCI has been conducted according to ISO
14040 and ISO 14044. As part of these standards, the report has been peer reviewed by an
independent LCI expert.
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DEVELOPING A SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY OF AGGREGATES TO
MEET THE NEEDS OF RAPIDLY EXPANDING INFRASTRUCTURE
IN QATAR
Murray J Reid, Dr K A Hassan and Dr M S Al-Kuwari TRL, UK
ABSTRACT
Qatar is a small state on the south shore of the Arabian Gulf. With substantial economic
growth and a fast-expanding population, there is an increasing demand for reliable, world-
class infrastructure. The recent award of the 2022 World Cup has provided an even greater
impetus to achieve this goal. This boom in construction requires an increasing supply of
aggregates of reliable quality. However, Qatar has limited high quality natural aggregates and
has to import all the coarse aggregate used in concrete and asphalt; this is estimated to
currently be about 14 Mt/year and is expected to more than double by 2020. At the same time
vast quantities of construction, demolition and excavation are being dumped in the desert
outside the capital, Doha. Very little of this material is currently recycled. This situation is
clearly not sustainable and is being addressed by work carried out by TRL in association with
Qatar Standards and Qatar University. Laboratory and site trials are currently underway in
Qatar. Hot desert regions such as the Gulf are very harsh environments for construction. This
has traditionally been met by using high quality natural aggregates with low salt content and
high durability. For recycled and secondary aggregates to be acceptable, they must offer the
same durability and strength properties as proven primary aggregates. Quality control will be
essential to meet the required standards. Initial results are encouraging for applications as
unbound subbase, coarse aggregate in structural and low strength concrete and concrete
blocks.
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NOVEL ASSESSMENTS ON DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF UNBOUND
MATERIALS BY MEANS OF DEFLECTOMETRIC TESTS
A. Marradi, U. Pinori & G. Betti Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
ABSTRACT
The evaluation of the in situ bearing capacity of soils and unbound layers is moving from
traditional plate load test (PLT) to enhanced dynamic testing devices, like the Light Weight
Deflectometer (LWD), able to provide many practical advantages and to better simulate the
real stress levels induced by the heavy vehicles. The type of devices provided with the load
cell and geophone allows to acquire the load-deflection time histories, sampling data every
0.25 ms. LWD data are mainly used to calculate Surface Modulus of the soil by means of
Boussinesq equation using the peak of applied load and the correspondent peak of centerplate
deflection; more recently some special procedures, specifically developed to estimate the
material compaction level achieved on site, are also starting to be used. The experimental
results presented in this paper analyze the possibility to deeply investigate the dynamic
behavior of unbound materials using the information related to load-deflection time histories,
focusing attention on the amount of energy spent to deflect the soil. This parameter, usually
reported as Energy Loss, represents the area enclosed by load-deflection graph (Hysteresis
Loop) and is generally considered an index of the dynamic response of the soil to applied
loads. The paper reports the analysis of different correlations between Energy Loss and soil
stiffness parameters developed with the aim to investigate the potential use of the Energy
Loss for Qc/Qa activities. Results confirm the reliability of this parameter as a quality
indicator of soil conditions, providing a wider range of information when compared to
standard bearing capacity tests.
KEY WORDS: Bearing capacity, compaction level, deflectometric tests, dynamic behavior of
the soil.
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DETERMINATION OF MIXING AND COMPACTION
TEMPERATURES OF WARM MIXES WITH MODIFIED BINDERS
Rajan Choudhary1 and Priyansh Singh
2
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
781039 2M. Tech Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
781039
ABSTRACT
Warm mix technology is an emerging technology that suggests a possible lowering of about
30 C in mixing and compaction temperatures of bituminous mixes without compromising
the performance. Lowering of production temperature for bituminous mixes helps in reducing
the fuel consumption and emissions at hot mix plants. It also allows longer haul distance,
increase in construction period and healthy operations.
Currently Equi-viscous method is used in India to determine mixing and compaction
temperatures of mixes with neat binders. In India for wearing courses modified binders like
Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen (CRMB) and Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) are
recommended for use, in order to achieve a higher performance. Equi-viscous method usually
gives higher mixing and compaction temperatures for modified binders. Zero shear viscosity
(ZSV) method is recommended by different researchers for establishing the mixing and
compaction temperatures of modified binders.
This paper gives the results found for mixing and compaction temperatures of modified and
neat binders established through both Equi-viscous and Zero shear viscosity. Results of
mixing and compaction temperatures for neat bitumen, CRMB and PMB with addition of
different percentages of Sasobit as a WMA additive are also presented in the paper.
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VERIFICATION OF A FALLING WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER
USING A GOLDEN SLAB
Richard Stain1 and Mark Dawkins
2
1Director, Testconsult Ltd, Ruby House, Warrington, WA1 4RF 01925 286896
2Director Testconsult Ltd
ABSTRACT
The Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) is a well known piece of equipment used for
measuring road pavement deflection. Unfortunately, there is no International Standard and
FWDs vary somewhat with different manufacturers.
This lack of a standard presents a problem for the end user and in the UK, these machines are
verified each year at a trial organised by Transport Research Laboratory (TRL).
The procedure consists of many machines testing the same road pavement sections on the
same day and then comparing the results. A machine will pass if the results lie within a certain percentage of the mean results for the whole group.
While that is a practical approach and has been used for a number of years it suffers from the
obvious disadvantage that a machine could pass when compared to one set of say ten FWDs but fail when compared to a different set of ten. Similarly a correct machine, (if only we knew what that was!), could fail simply because some of the others in the group were
improperly calibrated. Its not really very satisfactory from anyones point of view.
The authors decided to explore an alternative approach whereby the force/time curve of the
impact would be standardised on a Golden slab , a massive and thick slab of concrete that would be unchanging year on year and season by season. Hopefully this would remove the
difficult problem of defining and standardising the FWD force and buffer configuration.
The authors built a Golden Slab consisting of a 3m x 3m x 1m thick concrete slab and have
built up some experience of using this during the last year.
This paper presents the results to date, suggests an improved Golden Slab and tentatively proposes how the key elements of an FWD could be specified/standardised.
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NEW CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL: UNDERSTANDING THE
HYDRATION PROCESS USING INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AND
THERMAL ANALYSIS
Dr.Monower Sadique Research Fellow, School of Built Environment, LJMU, UK
ABSTRACT
A combined application of Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and Infrared spectroscopy (IR)
to track the changes in hydrated phases during the hydration process has been suggested as a
valuable means for better understanding of the hydration phenomenon through this study.
Successful production of hydrates upon hydration by the new zero cement cementitious
materials as well as non-expansive nature of secondary ettringite after 365 days were
revealed using analytical techniques.
Key words: Differential thermal analysis; Infrared spectroscopy; hydration kinetics;
hydration product
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HIGH FRICTION SURFACING SYSTEMS USING NATURAL
AGGREGATE
David Woodward
University of Ulster, UK
ABSTRACT
High Friction Surfacing is a proprietary product developed and used extensively used in the
UK at locations where there is a significant risk of serious or fatal accidents occurring e.g.
approaching traffic lights, pedestrian crossings, road junctions, slip roads. Developed in the
1960s, treatment of such sites found up to a 60% reduction in accidents involving skidding in their first year of use. This research identified that the optimum aggregate was a 3mm
calcined bauxite applied to the asphalt surface using an epoxy based binder. The main
sources of calcined bauxite used in the UK are Guyana and China. However, over the last few
years the price of this material has risen considerably. This paper looks at whether natural
aggregates can be used as a replacement to calcined bauxite.
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PAVEMENT RUTTING PREDICTION MODELS USING ARTIFICIAL
NEURAL NETWORK TECHNIQUE
Taddesse Ephrem Associate Professor, University of Agder, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Engineering
Science. Jon Lilletuns vei 9, 4879 Grimstad, Norway
ABSTRACT
Prediction of pavement performance is a key process in the efficient management of
pavement assets for a highway agency. There are a lot of tools that can be used to develop
pavement performance prediction models, but the newest generation of tools belongs to the
field of Artificial Intelligence. The important goal of this research is to use the intelligent
artificial neural network (ANN) modeling technique and check its predicting capability
against the classical multiple linear regression (MLR) method. Flexible pavement rutting
prediction models are developed using MLR and ANN techniques, using data from the
Norwegian national road databank (NVDB). Comparative study of the results is also
conducted. The main conclusion from this study is that pavement rutting prediction models
using the intelligent ANN technique predict pavement condition with a better accuracy than
the classical MLR models.
KEY WORDS: Pavement performance prediction models, pavement rutting, Artificial Neural
Network modeling, pavement condition measurement data.
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POTENTIAL PERFORMANCE-RELATED PROPERTIES OF
RUBBERIZED BITUMINOUS MIXTURES PRODUCED WITH DRY
TECHNOLOGY
Ezio Santagata*, Michele Lanotte, Davide Dalmazzo, Maria Chiara Zanetti
Department of Environmental, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI),Politecnico di Torino 24, Corso
Duca degli Abruzzi, 10129 Turin, Italy
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the results of a laboratory investigation which focused on the effects
caused by the inclusion of coarse crumb rubber in a wearing course mixture produced by
means of the so-called dry technology. For comparative purposes a reference mixture, which did not contain any recycled rubber, was also included in the study. Both mixtures
were sampled at a production plant and were thereafter subjected to standard control tests
(composition and Marshall properties) and to performance-related tests for the assessment of
compactability, elastic stiffness, rutting resistance and resistance to crack formation and
propagation. Employed crumb rubber was characterized in terms of particle size distribution,
density, particle morphology, surface area and chemical composition. Performance-related
tests were carried out on specimens compacted to the same void content (equal to 6%).
Experimental results highlighted the fact that if compaction problems are overcome, crumb
rubber can bring several benefits to a bituminous mixture, by enhancing its elastic response
under pulse loading and by increasing its fracture toughness and ductility. Additional tests
carried out after immersion in water also showed that moisture damaging effects are in most
cases quite limited, with the only exception of resistance to permanent deformation which
tends to decrease significantly.
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PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS AND CE MARKING FOR
PRODUCTS
Ian Walsh Road Consultants Ltd., UK
ABSTRACT
Surfacing materials including Asphalts, Surface Dressing and Microasphalt (Slurry Surfacing)
must be put on the market with CE mark after 30 June 2013. These products cannot be sold
without a CE Mark. CE Marking does not apply to the performance of the product after
delivery to the customer.
This has ramifications for the producer and for the Client/Specifier.
For asphalts, the change is relatively straight forward as the products have been available
with a voluntary CE mark since the publication of the BS EN 13108 series of harmonised
Standards (2006 onwards). The obvious change is an editorial on from a Declaration of
Conformity to a Declaration of Performance, but this also recognises a change in emphasis
from delivery in accordance with a quality system, to delivery of a known performance as
demonstrated in a Type Approval Installation Trial (TAIT) or by surrogate laboratory testing.
All the CE Marked properties must be disclosed to the Client in writing for each delivery.
The change also affects the production of Thin Surface Courses Systems under the BBA
HAPAS scheme.
For Surface Dressing and Microasphalt the change is more fundamental in that no one has yet
delivered these products, which are manufactured on site, in accordance with EN 12271 and
EN 12273. It requires a TAIT monitored for at least 12months to demonstrate durability.
For Clients, the CE Marking can limit what they specify, how they do it and how they control
the quality. This is a serious issue requiring the provision of guidance, as indicated by the
paper, to ensure legal compliance, so that correctly specified material is installed to provide
the expected level of performance.
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Day Two Conference Programme DAY 2 Thursday 28
th February 2013
Venue: Britannia Adelphi Hotel, Liverpool, UK
08:0008:30 Registration, Refreshment and Exhibition
Morning Programme
Session 1, Chairman: Dr. Nick Thom, the University of Nottingham, UK
08:30 Dae-Wook Park, Sang-Hun Lee, and Hai Viet Vo, Korea Experimental Verification
of Air-Foamed Stabilized Mixture of Wasted Soils as Subgrade.
08:45 Rajan Choudhary and Julaganti Ashok, India Effect of Sasobit on Mix Design
Parameters.
09:00 Mohammad Reza Ahadi, Iran Laboratory Assessment of Roller Compacted
Concrete by Application of Steel Polymers in Concrete Pavements in Iran.
09:15 Questions & Discussion
09:20 Exhibition
Session 2, Chairman: Dr. Choudhary Rajan, India
09:50 Olumide M. Ogundipe, Nick Thom and Andrew C. Collop, Nigeria Evaluation of the
Performance of Stress Absorbing Membrane Interlayers (SAMIS) Against Reflective
Cracking under Thermal Loading
10:05
Grainne McQuaid, Phillip Millar and David Woodward, UK Application of Close
Range Photogrammetry and 2.5d Laser Scanning to Better Understand Tyre
/Asphalt Interaction.
10:20 Masoud Robati, Alan Carter and Daniel Perraton, Evaluation and Selection of
Aggregate Grading for Type III Application of Micro-surfacing Using ISSA Mix
Design Procedure.
10:35 Satish Pandey, India Utilization of Steel Slag Aggregates in Hot Mix Bituminous
Pavement.
10:50 Questions & Discussion 10:55 Refreshments and Exhibition
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CONFERENCE PROGRAMME
Session 3, Chairman: Dae-Wook Park, Korea
11:25 Amjad Albayati and Ahmad Al-Ani, Iraq Comparison Study Between Lime
Application Methods on HMA Asphalt Concrete in Iraq.
11:40 Olanike Akinkurolere Olufunke, Nigeria Efects of Rice-Husk Ash as Partial
Replacement for Cement on Compressive Strength of Recycled Aggregate
Concrete.
11:55 Juan Antonio Gonzlez-Len, France Evaluation of Warm Asphalt Technologies
Containing Recycled Asphalt Pavement.
12:10 Rajasekaran Sankarappan, India Utilisation of Waste Plastics in Construction of
Flexible Pavement.
12:25 Questions & Discussion
12:30 Lunch and Exhibition
Afternoon Programme
Session 4, Chairman: Dr. Mohammad Reza Ahadi, Iran
13:15 Adnan Qadir, Zia-ur-Rehman, Rukhsana Rahooja and Abdul Bari Mangi, Pakistan
Flexural Behaviour of Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete and the Effect of
Polypropylene Fibre.
13:30 Elena Sez Caballero, Spain POLYMIX: Polymeric Wastes in Asphalt Mixes.
13:45 Abbas Al-Hdabi, LCMT, UK Durability and Mechanical Properties of Cold Rolled
Asphalt Containing Cement and Waste Fly Ash.
14:00 Mitchell Ruth, Donal Ryan and David Woodward, UK Warm Mix Asphalt Research
in Ireland
14:15 Questions & Discussion
14:20 Exhibition
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CONFERENCE PROGRAMME
Session 5, Chairman: Prof. Adnan Qadir Pakistan
14:50 H. Behbahani and M.R.M. Aliha, Iran Low Temperature Fracture Behaviour
Investigation for Recycled Asphalt Pavements.
15:05 O. L. Oke, Nigeria Assessment of Water and Temperature Susceptibilities of Cold
Recycled Bituminous Emulsion Mixtures Using the NAT in the ITSM Mode of
Testing.
15:20 James Rombi, Italy The Use of Granite by-Products in Road Asphalt Layers.
15:35 Javad Tanzadeh, Javad Tanzadeh, Fariborz Vahedi, Mohammad Reza Ahadi,
Rashid Tanzadeh and Pezhouhan T. Kheiry , Iran Laboratory Evaluation of
Modified Asphalt Mixtures Using Iron Nano Oxide.
15:50 Questions & Discussion
15:55 Refreshments and Exhibition
Session 6, Chairman: Mike Southern Eurobitumen, Belgium
16:15 Dirce Carreg Balzan, Brazil Foamed Asphalt Technology: Test Results with
Construction and Demolition Waste
16:30 Shaun Friel and David Woodward, UK Use of Local Aggregates as Sustainable
Asphalt Surfacing Materials.
16:45 Bert Jan Lommerts, UK A New Preservation Technology for Porous Asphalt.
17:00 Questions and Closing Remarks by the Conference Chairman and Director Professor Hassan Al-Nageim, Liverpool John Moores University
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Day Two: Speakers Short CVs
Dae-Wook Park
Dr. Park got a Ph.D. at Texas A & M University in May 2004. He
worked for Maryland State Highway Administration as a consultant
from August 2004 to February 2006. He is associate professor at
Kunsan National University in South Korea. His expertise are asphalt
mixture, asphalt pavement, pavement-vehicle interaction, tire contact
pressure.
Dr. Rajan Choudhary,
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology (I.I.T.), India.
Dr. Mohammad Reza Ahadi, B.Sc, M.Sc, Ph.D, MIHT, MICE
Dr. Ahadi is the Deputy of Road Safety from the Transport Research
Institute in Iran, where he has been an Assistant Professor and Senior
Researcher since 2000. Dr. Ahadi holds his MSc in Traffic
Transportation from City University and his PhD in Pavement
Engineering from the Queen Mary College University of London.
Dr. Ahadi has had a considerably varied academic and industrial
career. His teaching experience began at Queen Mary College
University of London, and has expanded to involve supervision of
several research projects on the subject of road safety and pavement
engineering. He is engaged in teaching undergraduates at Azad
University in Iran and also traffic police with regards to the principles
of road safety and highway engineering. Since the start of his career,
he has supervised over 35 M.Sc student projects and is currently
working with two PhD candidates.
Dr. Ahadi has over seventy publications in both national and
international journals, along with attendance at many academic and
industrial conferences. Dr. Ahadi is deeply involved with public
organisations in an advisory capacity, and is a TRB Committee
Member of ANB10 and AFB20. He is also active in two NGOs in the
road safety and pavement engineering fields, as well as the Road
Safety Engineering Committee at the National Transportation
Organisation.
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Dr. Ogundipe Olumide Moses
Dr. Ogundipe obtained his first and second degrees in Civil
Engineering at University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria (now Ekiti State
University, Ado-Ekiti) and University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria,
respectively. He bagged his Ph.D at the University of Nottingham,
United Kingdom. He is a lecturer at Ekiti State University Ado-Ekiti,
Nigeria. His area of specialization is Transportation Engineering with
special focus on Highway materials.
Grainne McQuaid, University of Ulster
Grainne graduated from Queens University, Belfast in 2012 with an
Honours Degree in Civil Engineering Currently. Grainne is currently
a DEL sponsored PhD researcher in highway engineering at the
University of Ulster. Memberships include the Institution of Civil
Engineers, Engineers of Ireland, Chartered Institute of Highways and
Transportation and the Institute of Asphalt Technology.
Masoud Robati
Ph.D. student, cole de technologie superieure
Satish Pandey
Mr. Satish Pandey is working as a Scientist in Flexible Pavement
Division of CSIR-Central Road Research Institute, New-Delhi,
India. He is also engaged as an Assistant Professor in Academy of
Scientific and Industrial Research Govt. of India. He has around eight
year research experience in the field of highway engineering. He
obtained his Bachelor Degree in Civil Engineering in Hons. with gold
medal from Rajiv Gandhi Technical University Bhopal, M.P. He
obtained his Masters in Transportation Engineering from Indian
Institute of Technology, Delhi. He has credited to publish ten papers
in various national and international journals and conferences. He is
the recipient of, Diamond Jubilee Research Intern Award by the
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India, Best Guide
Award by Indian Concrete Institute and Associated Cement
Companies Limited. He was also felicitated by Best paper award in
National Level Technical Symposium Technovision 2003" at S.A.T.I Vidisha and Techno Search 2004 at M.A.N.I.T, Bhopal. He is an active member of Indian Concrete Institute, Indian Road
Congress and BIS-FICCI task force on Technical Textile.
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Amjad Albayati
Assist prof. Transportation. Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq
Olanike Akinkurolere Olufunke
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ekiti State
University,Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Dr. Juan Antonio Gonzlez-Len
Juan obtained his Chemical Engineering degree from the National
Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and his PhD in Polymer
science and engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT), United States.
He works since 2007 at ARKEMAs Rhone Alpes Research Center, in France, as a research engineer in the area of bitumen additives, in
particularly, on the development of warm mix asphalt additives.
S. Rajasekaran
with B.Sc. Chemistry , MSc. Applied Chemistry Thiagarajar College
of Engineering, Both are Madurai Kamaraj University, and BEd., in
Bharathiyar Univeristy, INDIA, Research work is Utilisation of
Waste plastics for Construction materials. State government
implemented for Road laying process. i have published national and
interanation conferences and national journals. so many special
lecture given various seminars.
Adnan Qadir , NED University, Pakistan.
Adnan Qadir: is a Professor and Co-Chairman in the Department of
Urban and Infrastructure Engineering at NED University of
Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan, where he received
his B.E., and M.Sc., degrees in Civil Engineering in 1991 and 1998
respectively. He completed his PhD in Transportation Engineering
from Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey, 2010. His
research interests include highway materials such as polymer and
geogrid reinforced asphalt concrete, roadway geometries and
highway pavement design.
Elena Sez Caballero, Spain Elena graduated in Public Works Engineering at the Polytechnic
University and licensed civil engineering at the Alfonso X el Sabio of
Madrid (Spain). She works in ACCIONA Infrastructures since June-
2008 as a Research Engineer developing research projects related to
road infrastructures, mainly focused on calculation of pavement
structures.
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Abbas Al-Hdabi, LCMT, UK
Abbas Al-hdabi achieved his BSc in Civil Engineering from Babylon
University and MSc in Transportation Engineering from Baghdad
University in Iraq and now a PhD researcher at LJM University, UK.
His area of interest is in bituminous materials, pavement structural
design and design of roads and bridges.
He was working at Kufa cement factory from 2001 till 2006 as civil
engineering and from 2006 till 2011 was working as lecturer at Kufa
University in Iraq.
Now he is a PhD student at Liverpool John Moores University.
Mitchell Ruth
Graduated from the University of Ulster in 2004 gaining a First Class
Honors in Construction Engineering. She has worked as a Civil
engineer for several International consultancies, including RPS and
BDP, focusing on Highway Engineering. Ruth started her PhD in
April 2011, the title is Durability of Warm Mix Asphalt and is funded
by National Roads Authority of Ireland through the NRA Research
Fellowship Programme.
M.R.M. Aliha Fatigue and Fracture Laboratory, Center of Excellence in
Experimental Solid Mechanics and Dynamics, School of Mechanical
Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST),
Iran
O. L. Oke Lecturer - Ekiti State University - Civil Engineering Department,
Faculty of Engineering, Ekiti State University, P.M.B. 5363, AdoEkiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
James Rombi
Mr. James Rombi BSc and MSc graduated in Environmental
Engineering at Cagliari (Italy) University. He has conducted
researches on granular Debris Flows and the remediation of
contaminated sites using water jet technology. At present He is a PhD
researcher at the Department of Structural Engineering University of
Cagliari where he is currently studying the possibility of using
Granite by-products and Construction and Demolition waste materials
for road construction purposes.
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Dr. Javad Tanzadeh
Dr. Javad Tanzadeh completed his B.Sc.,M.Eng., and Ph.D. degrees
in Civil Engineering. He graduated with the doctoral degree in
january 2007.He worked over ten years in various academic
institution in Iran.He is Technical and operational manager in
Organization of Roads and urban development of Tehran He has
more than 10 publications to his credit and has completed more than
20 research projects in Road Engineering about Effect of Nano
Materials in Creep and Fatigue of concrete Asphalt samples and
Modified Asphalt with new Materials, Bitumen- and Polymer
Bitumen Waterproofing Membranes, Nanotechnology-based
Bituminous Materials.
Dirce Carreg Balzan
Urban Infrastructure and Public Works Office, Brazil
Shaun Friel, University of Ulster
Shaun Friel, holds a first class honours degree in Civil Engineering
from Liverpool John Moores University and an MSc in Construction
and Project Management from Queens University, Belfast. Currently
nearing completion of a PhD in Highway Engineering at University
of Ulster. Memberships include Institution of Civil Engineers,
Institute of Asphalt Technology and Chartered Institute of Highways
& Transportation.
Dr.Bert Jan Lommerts
Dr. Bert Jan Lommerts: 52, obtained a masters degree in Chemical
Engineering and a PhD in Polymer Physics with cum laude honors
from the State University of Groningen, The Netherlands. His
industrial career started at Akzo Nobel where he was responsible for
the research on high performance fibers, for example new fibers to be
used for tire reinforcement. Subsequently, he became plant manager
of the Twaron aramid fiber plant in Arnhem. In 1999 he took the
challenge of merging three smaller companies into the new Latexfalt,
a company active in the production of advanced emulsions and
polymer modified bitumen. Under his supervision over the last 12
years the company has grown with a factor of 5 in turnover by
focusing of innovations and new business concepts in the road
industry.
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Day Two- Papers
EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF AIR-FOAMED STABILIZED
MIXTURE OF WASTED SOILS AS SUBGRADE
Dae-Wook Park1, Hai Viet Vo
2, Sang-Hun Lee
3
1 (Corresponding Author) Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Kunsan National University, Daehak
Ro 558, Kunsan, Chellabuk-do, 573-701, Korea 2 Graduate Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Kunsan National University, Daehak Ro 558, Kunsan,
Chellabuk-do, 573-701, Korea 3 Sungwon Engineering and Consultant, Hyoja-Dong 1Ga 594-8, Jeonju, Chellabuk-do, 560-908, Korea
ABSTRACT
In these days, use of proper soils for road construction materials become more limited, but
wasted soils are abundant; therefore, the method which can use wasted soil such as soft clay
has been investigated. Air-foameded stabilized soil has been used widely, but never been
used as a subgrade material of road.
The aim of this study is to verify the use of air-foameded stabilized soil as the subgrade
construction material of road. Several wasted soils such as soft clay was selected to make air-
foameded stabilized soil mixtures. The air-foameded stabilized mixture design was conducted
to find the optimum quantity of stabilizing agent (cement) and air-foamed, and the effect of
cement quantity and air-foamed quantity on strength of air-foameded stabilized soil mixtures
base on the test results of unconfined compression test was investigated. As the quantity of
cement is increased, the strength is increased, but the quantity of air-foamed is increased, the
strength is decreased. Elastic moduli based on unconfined compression strength were
obtained to use pavement structural design. As cement content increases, the bottom up and
rutting depth were decreased. From the results, it was found that air-foameded stabilized soil
mixtures of soft clay and dredge soil could be used as the subgrade material.
Keywords: Air-foameded stabilized soil; Soft clay; Dredge soil; Subgrade.
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EFFECT OF SASOBIT ON MIX DESIGN PARAMETERS
Rajan Choudhary1, Ashok Julaganti
2
1Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (I.I.T.) Guwahati, Assam,
India 781039 2Ph. D Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (I.I.T.) Guwahati, Assam, India
781039
ABSTRACT
Premature failure of roads in India due to high increase in axle loads, overloading, higher
temperature variations etc. have created the demand for the use of modified bitumen in
bituminous mixes. Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) and Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen
(CRMB) are frequently used now a day on wearing courses of Indian highways. During the
production and compaction of bituminous mixes a large amount of greenhouse gases like
carbon dioxides, nitrous oxides, sulphur oxides, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) etc. are
generated. Since mixes with modified bitumen have to be produced and compacted at
comparatively higher temperatures than those with neat binder, resulting into higher
emissions of greenhouse gases.
Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) technologies prevalent in in Europe and USA are also gaining
popularity in India. WMA technologies use organic additives, chemical additives, emulsions,
foaming technologies etc., for reducing operation temperatures of the asphalt mix about 20 to
50C.
In this study WMA mixes are designed using Sasobit (an organic additive) with PMB and
CRMB binders. This paper presents the mix design parameters of WMA mixes and control
mixes (without Sasobit), at different mixing and compaction temperatures.
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Proceeding of the LJMU 12th Annual International Conference on PAVEMENT ENGINEERING AND INFRASTRUCTURE 27th 28th February 2013, Liverpool, UK. Volume 12, ISBN 978-0-9571804-2-0
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LABORATORY ASSESSMENT OF ROLLER COMPACTED
CONCRETE BY APPLICATION OF STEEL POLYMERS IN
CONCRETE PAVEMENTS IN IRAN
Mohammad Reza Ahadi 1, Javad Tanzadeh
2,Gholam Ali Jafarzadeh
3, Rashid Tanzadeh
4,
Pezhouhan T. Kheiry 5
1Assistant Professor, Transportation Research Institute, University of Science & Technology, Tehran-Iran
2Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University Bandar Anzaly Branch, Gilan -Iran
3Assistant Professor, Gilan University, Gilan -Iran
4MSc, student, University of Gilan, Dept. of Civil Engineering
5MSc Civil Eng., National Transportation Infrastructures Research Center
Corresponding Author: Dr Mohammad Reza Ahadi
ABSTRACT
Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) is one of the most durable pavement types when
subjected to heavy traffic loads, which are more prevalent due to an increase in road capacity
and technological advances in transport. RCC also offers greater comfort and ride ability for
drivers, and improved visibility in dark conditions due to the bright colour of the RCC
surface. However, the formation of cracks caused by tensile stresses is the major drawback of
this type of pavement, which results in a break in the bonding within concrete layers. Various
types of additives have been used to reduce this tensile cracking. With regards to aggregate
types used for construction of concrete in Iran, steel fibres are new materials that have been
shown to reinforce concrete and improve tensile strength; thereby reducing the incidence of
microscopic cracks. In this study, reinforcement of concrete with steel fibre is investigated by
laboratory tests, including the compressive strength test and a four-point bending strength test.
There is also an evaluation of the effect of certain parameters, such as the curing period, in
order to achieve concrete with a higher workability. The results show that adding steel fibres
to concrete enhances its flexural strength and provides a homogenous pavement with a higher
loading capacity.
Keywords: RCC, Steel Fibres, Concrete Pavement, Pavement Cracks
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Proceeding of the LJMU 12th Annual International Conference on PAVEMENT ENGINEERING AND INFRASTRUCTURE 27th 28th February 2013, Liverpool, UK. Volume 12, ISBN 978-0-9571804-2-0
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EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF STRESS ABSORBING
MEMBRANE INTERLAYERS (SAMIS) AGAINST REFLECTIVE CRACKING UNDER THERMAL LOADING
O.M. Ogundipe1, N.H.Thom
2 and A.C.Collop
3
1Civil Engineering Department, Ekiti State University Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
2Nottingham Transportation Engineering Centre, University of Nottingham, UK.
3Faculty of Technology, De-Montfort University, UK..
ABSTRACT
This study examines the potential of stress absorbing membrane interlayers (SAMIs) to retard
reflective cracking in an overlaid pavement subjected to temperature variations. The SAMIs
in the study were produced by sandwiching strands of glass fibre between two layers of
bitumen emulsion. Two different types of bitumen emulsion were considered in the study.
The test was conducted using a thermal cycling device developed at the University of
Nottingham. The test results showed that the specimen with SAMIs performed better than the
control specimens with no SAMIs. It was found that the strain distribution was more uniform
over the length of the specimens with SAMIs than the control specimen and they sustained
greater crack opening. Lastly, the test results established the importance of the slip between
the overlay and SAMIs to the crack resistance of SAMIs used as interlayer between overlay
and the existing pavement.
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Proceeding of the LJMU 12th Annual International Conference on PAVEMENT ENGINEERING AND INFRASTRUCTURE 27th 28th February 2013, Liverpool, UK. Volume 12, ISBN 978-0-9571804-2-0
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APPLICATION OF CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND 2.5D
LASER SCANNING TO BETTER UNDERSTAND TYRE /ASPHALT
INTERACTION
G. McQuaid, P. Millar, D. Woodward and D. Ryan School of the Built Environment, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, Jordanstown campus,
Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim, United Kingdom, BT37 0QB
ABSTRACT
This paper considers the use of two techniques i.e. close range photogrammetry and 3D laser
scanning to produce 3D models. Examples are given to show how these methods can be used.
This ability to measure and quantify parameters opens new opportunities to investigate issues
at scales ranging from the macro to the micro-scale and so allow better understanding of the
asphalt / tyre interface.
Key Words: High resolution 3D laser, close range photogrammetry, volume parameters
Triangular Irregular Networks, Depth Classification.
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Proceeding of the LJMU 12th Annual International Conference on PAVEMENT ENGINEERING AND INFRASTRUCTURE 27th 28th February 2013, Liverpool, UK. Volume 12, ISBN 978-0-9571804-2-0
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EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF AGGREGATE GRADING FOR
TYPE III APPLICATION OF MICRO-SURFACING USING ISSA MIX
DESIGN PROCEDURE
Masoud Robati1, Alan Carter
2 & Daniel Perraton
2
1Ph.D. student, cole de technologie superieure
2Professor, cole de technologie superieure
ABSTRACT
Micro-Surfacing is a polymer modified, asphalt emulsion based, dense graded, cold mixed,
and quick setting, asphalt resurfacing material. Type III application of micro-surfacing is
used as the rut fill materials for highly trafficked roads. As of now, International Slurry
Surfacing Association (ISSA) mix design guideline is the widely used standard to design
micro-surfacing mixtures. The research described in this paper intended to suggest
modifications to the actual ISSA mix design procedure to accurately select aggregate grading
for type III micro-surfacing mixtures. To do this, a sensitivity analysis at Laboratoire sur les
Chausses et Matriaux Bitumineux (LCMB), at cole de technologie suprieure (TS),
Montral, Canada, was used in order to study the effect of aggregate gradation, and asphalt
emulsion residue on five micro-surfacing mixture design tests, including Loaded wheel test
(ISSA TB 109), Wet track abrasion test (ISSA TB 100), modified cohesion test (ISSA TB
139), vertical displacement test (ISS TB 109, Method-A), and Mixing time test. The second
part of study consisted mainly of establishing a limit for the aggregate gradation used in type
III application of micro-surfacing, which gives higher resistance to rutting as it is the main
property of type III application of micro-surfacing. To do this, the resistant of different
micro-surfacing mixtures against rutting was evaluated and modified specifications were
suggested to select aggregate grading for type III application of micro-surfacing.
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Proceeding of the LJMU 12th Annual International Conference on PAVEMENT ENGINEERING AND INFRASTRUCTURE 27th 28th February 2013, Liverpool, UK. Volume 12, ISBN 978-0-9571804-2-0
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UTILIZATION OF STEEL SLAG AGGREGATES IN HOT MIX
BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT
Satish Pandey1, Dr. P.K.Jain
2, Nick Jones
3
1Scientist, CSIR-CRRI, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India,
2Chief Scientist, CSIR-CRRI, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India,
3Slag Business Development Manager, Harsco Metals Group Ltd.
ABSTRACT
India has the second largest road network in the world with a total road length of 4.24 million
km. Hot mix bituminous pavement contribute around 50% road length to this vast road
network. Large scale highway construction in India, emanating from rapid development, has
caused massive depletion of scarce natural aggregate. This paper investigates the influences
of the utilization of steel slag as a coarse aggregate on the properties of hot mix bituminous
concrete. Physical characteristics of ingredients of bituminous mix i.e natural aggregate, steel
slag aggregate and bituminous binder were determined to find out their compliance with
Ministry of Road Transport and Highway Specification for Road and Bridge Work.
Mechanical characteristics of bituminous mixes, Unmodified (having natural aggregate) and
Modified (having steel slag as coarse aggregate) were determined using Marshall Method of
mix design.
Unmodified and Modified mixes were also subjected to an array of performance tests to
check out the suitability of steel slag aggregates for the preparation of high performance
bituminous mix. The performance tests includes, retained Marshall Stability, indirect tensile
strength, static creep test, wheel-tracking test and resilient modulus test. The laboratory study
confirmed the improvement in various mechanical properties of steel slag modified mixes
besides reduction in temperature and moisture susceptibility.
Key Words: Steel Slag Aggregate, Natural aggregate, Bituminous Mix, Bituminous Pavement.
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Proceeding of the LJMU 12th Annual International Conference on PAVEMENT ENGINEERING AND INFRASTRUCTURE 27th 28th February 2013, Liverpool, UK. Volume 12, ISBN 978-0-9571804-2-0
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COMPARISON STUDY BETWEEN LIME APPLICATION METHODS
ON HMA ASPHALT CONCRETE IN IRAQ
Amjad H. K. Albayati1 & Ahmed M. M. Alani
2
1Assist prof. Transportation. Engineering,University of Baghdad
2M.Sc Candidate Transportation Engineering,University of Baghdad
ABSTRACT
Iraq has been experiencing tremendous development in the national infrastructure road
network over the last decade. Iraqi economic growth in rural areas has been triggered by good
and safe roads and highways network system. . Studies had shown that climate, traffic
conditions, characteristics of the asphalt binder and the aggregate are the main factors that
can contribute in the premature pavement failures. The ability of hydrated lime to improve
the fatigue and rutting resistance of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) as well as moisture sensitivity ,
has led to observed improvement in the field of lime modified HMA pavements ,and
significant decreases in maintenance and repair costs of highway network. In this study, the
mechanistic properties of asphalt concrete mixes modified with hydrated lime as a partial
replacement of limestone dust mineral filler were evaluated. Four replacement rates were
used; 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 percent by weight of aggregate beside two kinds of addition methods,
namely dry and wet. Asphalt concrete mixes were prepared at their optimum asphalt content
and then tested to evaluate their engineering properties which include moisture damage,
resilient modulus, permanent deformation and fatigue characteristics. These properties have
been evaluated using indirect tensile strength, uniaxial repeated loading and repeated flexural
beam. The experimental results, in general, showed that the mixes modified with hydrated
lime were found to have improved fatigue and permanent deformation characteristics, also
showed lower moisture susceptibility and high resilient modulus. The use of 1.5 percent of
hydrated lime in wet addition method as a replacement for limestone dust mineral filler has
shown a significant improvement of asphalt concrete behavior and has added to the local
knowledge the possibility of producing more durable mixture with higher resistance to
distress.
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Proceeding of the LJMU 12th Annual International Conference on PAVEMENT ENGINEERING AND INFRASTRUCTURE 27th 28th February 2013, Liverpool, UK. Volume 12, ISBN 978-0-9571804-2-0
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EFECTS OF RICE-HUSK ASH AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR
CEMENT ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF RECYCLED
AGGREGATE CONCRETE
Akinkurolere Olufunke Olanike
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ekiti State University,Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The high and continuous increase in the cost of cement and the incessant scarcity brought
about by the high exchange rate by the local currency which discourages importation of
construction materials have made it imperative to search for other alternatives. Also, the
source of raw materials for building industries is clearly changing in many countries and
more attention is given to the environmental safety regulations. Due to the reservation of
natural resources, prevention of environmental pollution, and cost-saving consideration of
construction project, the recycled concrete aggregate has been widely reused for making
different construction materials.
Experimental studies were carried out to evaluate the influence of Rice-Husk Ash on the
Compressive strength of Recycled Aggregate Concrete. The experimental program consisted
of testing 100 x 100 x 100mm concrete cubes. The experimental variables used were the
Water- cement ratio, Recycled Aggregate, and Rice-Husk Ash as partial replacement for
cement. Orthogonal Array table with three levels and three factors was used to prepare the
mixing proportions, and Analysis of Variance and significance test with F statistic were used
to check the existence of interaction and level of significance. The results indicate that the
order of significance of the three factors are recycled aggregate content, Rice-Husk Ash
content and water-cement ratio, respectively. The effects of these variables on the
compressive strength of concrete are presented and discussed.
Keywords: Recycled Aggregate, Concrete, Water-cement ratio, Rice-Husk Ash.
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Proceeding of the LJMU 12th Annual International Conference on PAVEMENT ENGINEERING AND INFRASTRUCTURE 27th 28th February 2013, Liverpool, UK. Volume 12, ISBN 978-0-9571804-2-0
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EVALUATION OF WARM ASPHALT TECHNOLOGIES
CONTAINING RECYCLED ASPHALT PAVEMENT
Juan Antonio Gonzlez-Len, Patrick Caujolle & Vincent Luca Centre de Recherche Rhne-Alpes ARKEMA, Rue Henri Moissan, B.P. 63 Pierre-Bnite, France 69493.
ABSTRACT
It has been demonstrated that the ensemble of warm mix asphalt technologies are compatible
with most of the asphalt mixtures normally produced at standard hot temperatures. The
advantages of using warm mix asphalts (WMA), in particular on the reduction of polluting
emissions and energy consumption, have been reported on several occasions in literature
described by laboratory and field tests. However, the biggest challenge remains to be
efficiently combining WMA with higher amounts of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP).
The incorporation of higher amounts of RAP into asphalt mixtures produced at reduced
temperatures is not an easy task, although several economical and environmental advantages
are obtained by its use. The final asphalt mix properties are highly dependent on the proper
blending between the aged bitumen, present on the RAP, and the fresh added binder. The
blending of aged and fresh binder is a process that depends on the viscosity of the binders,
their mixing time, and among other factors the operating conditions. It is easy to imagine that
this blending process is more difficult at lower production temperatures, as found in WMA,
than in regular hot mix asphalt conditions. WMA technologies are based on different physical
phenomena, such as bitumen viscosity reduction, use of surface-active chemicals, or bitumen
foaming, a different result from the incorporation of higher amounts of RAP may be expected
in each case.
In this work, the challenges of using increased amounts of RAP with warm asphalt mix
technologies are discussed and demonstrated through original laboratory experiments based
on two phase rheology. Simple mechanical tests on asphalt mixes containing high amounts of
RAP were also carried out to evaluate the impact of those technologies on the final
performance of the mix. The effect of WMA additives on the compaction performance of
asphalt mixtures containing RAP is also discussed.
Finally, the advantages of using WMA and RAP together from an environmental point of
view are also shown. A simplified Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method is used to this
exemplify this, taking into account the impact of the WMA additive used for this end.
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Proceeding of the LJMU 12th Annual International Conference on PAVEMENT ENGINEERING AND INFRASTRUCTURE 27th 28th February 2013, Liverpool, UK. Volume 12, ISBN 978-0-9571804-2-0
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UTILISATION OF WASTE PLASTICS IN CONSTRUCTION OF
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
S.Rajasekaran1, Dr.Vasudevan
2 & Dr.Samuvel Paulraj
3
1Research Scholar, Madurai kamaraj University
2Thiagarajar college of Engineering, Madurai - 15
3M.K University
ABSTRACT
Elastomers like natural rubber, crumb rubber, SBR, etc. as well as Plastomeric substances
like Polyethylene, Ethylene Vinyl Acetate and Ethylene Butyl Acrylates are mixed with
Bitumen to modify the properties. Modified Bitumen possesses better quality1.
Today the availability of the waste plastics is enormous, as the plastic materials have become
part and parcel of daily life. They either get mixed with Municipal Solid Waste and or thrown
over land area. Their present disposal is either by land filling or by incineration. Both the
processes are not Ecofriendly. Under this circumstance, an alternate use for the waste plastics
is also the need of the hour.
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Proceeding of the LJMU 12th Annual International Conference on PAVEMENT ENGINEERING AND INFRASTRUCTURE 27th 28th February 2013, Liverpool, UK. Volume 12, ISBN 978-0-9571804-2-0
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FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED LIGHTWEIGHT
AGGREGATE CONCRETE AND THE EFFECT OF
POLYPROPYLENE FIBRE
Adnan Qadir1, Zia-ur-Rehman
2, Rukhsana Rahooja
3, Abdul Bari Mangi
4
1 Professor, Department of Urban and Infrastructure Engineering, NED University of Engineering and
Technology, Karachi-74550, Pakistan 2Principal Research Officer/ Secretary, Council for Works and Housing Research,
F-40, Hub Ri