lcsc06 biological sciences head & neck 2 oral & pharyngeal structures marianne bos-clark msc...
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LCSC06 Biological SciencesHead & Neck 2
Oral & Pharyngeal Structures
Marianne Bos-Clark MSc BA(Hons)MCRSLT HPC
This session
• Oral & pharyngeal structures• Dentition• Tongue• Taste & Sensation• Tonsilar Tissue
Oral & pharyngeal anatomy
Cavities of the oropharynx:• Oral • Nasal • Oropharynx, naso- and laryngopharynx• Pharynx
The oral cavity Extends from oral opening (lips) to pillars of fauces at back
Teeth and alveolar ridge or maxillae make up lateral margins
DentitionHoused in alveolar of maxillae and mandibleFunction: Mastication
Articulatory surface for speech soundsUpper and lower dental arches: equal numbers of teeth1. Incisors2. Cuspids3. Bicuspids4. Molars Each has root in gingival or gum lineCrown is visible 1/3: surface of dental enamel Heart of tooth is pulp: contains nerve supply
Dentition
Dentition Zsigmond system
• Upper right quadrant87654321 EDCBA
• Lower right quadrant EDCBA
87654321
• Upper left quadrant12345678ABCDE
• Lower left quadrantABCDE12345678
Dentition
Dentition
Deciduous/ permanent Dentition
For development of decidious & permanent dentition, see Atkinson & McHanwell (2002) Basic Medical Science for SLT students. London:Whurr (p308)
The hard palate•Rugae •Median raphe•Soft palate
Soft palate •Uvula •Velum
Pillars of fauces •Anterior•Posterior
Muscles of the velumMuscle Function
Levator veli palatine Elevator*also movement of Eustachian tube
Musculus uvulae Elevator/bunching
Tensor veli palatine Tenses and shortens
Palatoglossus Depressor
Palatopharyngeus Depressor
The tongue
Occupies floor of mouthFunctions include:• Articulation• Mastication• Deglutition • Etc…
The tongue• MEDIAN FIBROUS
SEPTUM• TIP or APEX• BASE OF TONGUE• DORSUM• TERMINAL SULCUS• LINGUAL PAPILLAE • LINGUAL TONSILS • INFERIOR SURFACE
– SUBLINGUAL FRENULUM
– SUBLINGUAL FOLD
The tongue muscles and movement 1
Intrinsic muscles of the tongue Muscle Location Action CN
SUPERIOR LONGDITUDINAL
NEAR EPIGLOTTIS-SIDES OF TONGUE
WIDENS, THICKENS AND SHORTENS TONGUE TIP AND EDGES
XII
INFERIOR LONGDITUDINAL
HYOID BONE/BASE OF TONGUE-APEX OF TONGUE
WIDENS, SHORTENS, CREATES CONVEX DORSUM, DEPRESSES TIP
XII
TRANSVERSE TONGUE SEPTUM-MUCOSA AT SIDES OF TONGUE
ELONGATES, NARROWS, THICKENS, LIFTS SIDES
XII
VERTICAL SUPERIOR SURFACE-INFERIOR SURFACE
WIDENS AND FLATTENS TONGUE TIP
XII
Intrinsic tongue muscles
The tongue muscles and movement 2
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue: Muscle Action CN
GENIOGLOSSUSAnteriorPosterior
MANDIBLE-DORSUM + HYOID •Ant. Contraction
=retraction.•Post. Contractio=protusion
XII Hypoglossal
HYOGLOSSUS TONGUE-HYOID DEPRESSES AND RETRACTS TONGUE
XII
PALATOGLOSSUS SOFT PALATE-TONGUE
CONTRATION=ELEVATION OF BACK OF TONGUE
XI Accessory
STYLOGLOSSUS TEMPORAL BONE-SIDES OF TONGUE
CONTRACTION=UPWARDS AND BACKWARDS MOVEMENT
XII
Extrinsic tongue muscles
Extrinsic tongue muscles
Therapy
Therapy
Therapy
Therapy
The tonguetaste and sensation
Taste: • Tip sweet/sour• Sides sour & salty• Posterior bitter
Salivation
Salivary glands• Parotid• Submandibular• Sublingual
Saliva: two types of saliva• SEROUS : thin and watery• MUCOIDAL: more
viscous/sticky
Function of saliva: • DIGESTIVE• DISINFECTANT
Tonsils 1
• Palatine tonsils• Lingual tonsils• Pharyngeal tonsils
(adenoids)
Tonsils 2
Function: Part of limbic system/immune response• Believed to be involved in helping fight pharyngeal and
URT infection
Name Location Adenoids: pharyngeal tonsils Roof of pharynx
Palatine tonsils Sides of pharynx between faucial arches
Lingual tonsils Behind terminal sulcus (tongue)
Nasal cavities•Nasal septum
•Turbinates
•Nares
•Paranasal air sinuses
Paranasal Sinuses Air-filled spaces, communicating with nasal cavity within the bones of the skull and faceFunction: debated•Decrease skull weight•Increased vocal resonance•Protection •Insulation
Eustachian tube
Location:
Function:
The pharynx
Divided into areas:1.Oropharynx2.Nasopharynx3.Laryngopharynx
Pharyngeal muscles
• Superior pharyngeal constrictor
• Middle pharyngeal constrictor
• Inferior pharyngeal constrictors
Pharyngeal musculatureMuscle function Innervation
Superior pharyngeal constrictor
Velopharyngeal closureReduces diameter
CN XI & X
Middle pharyngeal constrictor
Reduces diameter CN XI & X
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
Reduces diameter: Two parts:
CN XI & X
1. Cricopharyngeal muscle*arises from cricoid
Muscular orifice of oesophagus
2. Thyropharyngeal muscle*arises from thyroid
Salpingopharyngeus Elevates lateral pharyngeal wall CN XI & X
Stylopharyngeus Elevates pharynx CN IX
The epiglottis
• Leaf-shaped cartilage• Attached to root
of tongue