ldml

7/31/2019 LDML

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ldml 1/11

Lightweight Data Markup Languageand Information Transfer

Sayandeep KhanDrakoon Aerospace

Invention ReportPublic ReleaseMarch 13 2012

7/31/2019 LDML


Containts

→The notion of LanguageWhat is missing

→A language with an inter-sentence relation

⬔ The notion of Sprache⬔ The statement relations⬔ Combinatorial Description

→Application of Sprache: the Design of LDML⬔ Basics⬔ Translation : Description guided action

⬔ Application : Machine guided investigation

7/31/2019 LDML


The Notion of Language

Alphabet: A set of charachter (basic symbols that can notbe decomposed), written ∑

String: Any finite length sequence of elements of ∑. The

total sets of strings is written ∑*

Grammar: A quadruple (V, T, G, S), where S is a set ofstart symbols, and T is a set of what is called terminalsymbols. V is called total vocabulary. S,T

V. G is a set⊂

of rules, that mapswhere both and (V T)*, and ≠σ → τ σ τ ∪ τ ϕ∊

Language: The set {w T : S generates w} is a∊

language generated by the grammar

7/31/2019 LDML


What is missing?

The language is basically a set of terminal symbols.

⬔The generation of the terminal symbols are governedby the grammar

⬔ However no strict relation between each terminalstatement is defined.

⬔ In science, every two statement is Strictly related: withhelp of the one, the other can be deduced.

7/31/2019 LDML


Example

Statements in english language (Each terminal statement):» Iron is heavier than water» Iron sinks in water» Water is denser than air

with zero assitance from physics (which defines terms like„sinking“ and „denser“, and assigns logical relations), thesesentences can not be linked together.

⬔ Using knowledge of physics, the axiom of transitivity maybe applied

Iron sinks in water AND water is denser than air⇒ Iron sinks in water AND water sinks in air (From

definition) ⇒ Iron sinks in Air. (Transitivity)

7/31/2019 LDML


Remarks

⬔ Notice that the English language alone can notdeduce the two steps as shown in the example.

⬔ Hence the english language alone can notrelate the statements in an order relation like{statement one, statement two} > {statement

three}

⬔ Hence, we propose a language that has suchan order relation defined onto it. Hence, we have{language, order relation}. We call this tuple aSprache. Written as §(G,k) :={L(G), k} where k is

the set of order relations.

7/31/2019 LDML


Notion of Sprache

⬔ The sprache is built upon a Language, with anintroduced order relation.

⬔Asssume the following applies: ∀ , L(G), | A∊ ∃ ≻ ≻α α , A,β α α ϕ∊ ⊁

⬔ Define:

k :⋃≻

⬔ Then the sprache is defined as:§(G) : {L(G), k}

7/31/2019 LDML


The statement relations

⬔and are commutatively related: Writtenα β,α β

⬔ and are non commutatively related:α βWritten >α β

⬔ is defined as : Written :α β α β

⬔ is equivalent as : Written =α β α β

⬔ is nagetive to : Written ~α β α β

⬔ maps to : Written #α β α β

7/31/2019 LDML


The statement relations

⬔ Immediately, it is clear:

= ,∊~ ,∊

: >∊

# >∊

7/31/2019 LDML


Application of Sprache

⬔ Imagine, we want to desccribe the propertiesof an object O . Imagine, properties A, and B areconjectured to be intrinsic to O, but not observed.We write: O > (A,B)

⬔ Imagine, of object O , properties C, and D areobserved . We write: O > (C,D)

⬔ Imagine of an object O , properties E ismeasured to be F. We write: O>(E:F)

⬔ It is clear that the notion of Sprache, with afinite set of relations, can relate the properties of

O, generating a complete scientific description.

7/31/2019 LDML


Conclusion

⬔ Using the notion of Sprache, the descriptionof data related to anything can be reduced to astrictly related set of statements. Missingrelations indicate lack of knowledge, worthinvestigating.

⬔ The notion of sprache can highlight whereknowledge is missing, so a scientist examiningthe object can immediately focus on missing

knowledge

⬔ Next : the combinatorial model of applicationof sprache, a Sprache Prototype developed by

BDA, the LDML, the LDML grammar, anda lications of LDML

ldml

Documents