HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE Influence of Le-Corbusier & Louis I Kahn

• In 1951 the government of the Punjab named him architectural advisor for the construction of its new capital, Chandigarh. For the first time in his life, Le Corbusier was able to apply his principles of city planning on a metropolitan scale.

• Totally without reference to local tradition he designed the Palace of Justice, the Secretariat, and the Palace of the Assembly. Unfinished concrete, with windows sheltered by enormous concrete sunshades, the sculptural facades, sloping rooflines, and monumental ramps are principal elements of his architecture, which immediately influenced architects all over the world.

• Most of the buildings are in pure, cubical form, geometrically subdivided with emphasis on proportion, scale and detail.

INTRODUCTION

The City Of Chandigarh Is Planned

To Human Scale -

Head–capitol (place of power)

Heart –the city centre

Stomach–the commercial area

Arms–university and Industrial zone

Lungs–leisure valley ,open spaces

Arteries–network of roads

ASSEMBLY HALL

THE HIGH COURT

THE SECRETARIAT

SECTORS

• The key of modern urbanism is 'the Sector', which was defined

as a container of family life (24 solar hours: night and day).

• Each sector was 800 meters by 1,200 meters, enclosed by roads

allocated to fast-mechanized transport and sealed to direct

access from the houses.

• The population would be approximately from 5,000 to 20,000

inhabitants.

• Chandigarh had 30 sectors.

HOUSING• The residential buildings were governed

by a mechanism known as 'frame control'

created by the municipal administration

to control their facades.

• This fixed the building line and height and

the use of building materials. Certain

standard sizes of doors and windows are

specified and all the gates and boundary

walls must conform to standard design.

• The idea was to ensure that the view from

the street, which belonged to the

community, was of same visual order and

discipline to maintain uniformity.

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS All buildings located in the City Centre

and commercial or institutional

buildings located along V-2 roads

were subjected to controls.

The system of the City Centre was

based on a grid of columns. fixed 5.26

meters shuttering pattern on concrete

and a system of glazing or screen

walls behind the line of columns.

The interior planning was left to the

owners. and in the exterior, certain

variations are permitted to give

variety to the architectural

composition

ROADS V-1 Fast roads connecting

Chandigarh to other towns; V-2 Arterial roads; V-3 Fast vehicular roads; V-4 Free Flowing shopping

streets; V-5 Sector circulation roads; V-6 Access roads to houses; V-7 Footpaths and cycle

tracks

LOUIS KAHN

• Born February 20, 1901 on Saaremaa Island

in Kuressaare.

• Kahn's Jewish parents immigrated to the

United States in 1906.

• His given name at birth was Itze-Leib

Schmuilowsky but was changed upon

arrival in the US. Kahn's architecture is

notable for its simple, platonic forms and

compositions.

• Through the use of brick and poured-in

place concrete masonry, he developed a

contemporary and monumental

architecture that maintained a sympathy

for the site.

• While rooted in the International Style,

Kahn's architecture was an amalgam of his

Beaux Arts education and a personal

aesthetic impulse to develop his own

architectural forms.

• Kahn received the AIA Gold Medal in 1971

and the RIBA Gold Medal in 1972.

• Louis Kahn is considered one of the

foremost architects of the late twentieth

century.

• On March 17, 1974, he died of a heart

attack in a men's restroom in

Pennsylvania Station in New York City.

Education/ Occupation

• He attended the University of Pennsylvania and received his Bachelors

degree in architecture at the age of 24.

• After college, he worked as a senior draftsman in the office of

Philadelphia City Architect John Molitor.

• To find his inspiration, he traveled through Europe visiting castles and

medieval strongholds in 1928, only 4 years after graduating.

• He finally started his own firm in 1935.

• While he still designed and worked as a design critic on the side, Louis

became a professor of architecture at Yale school of Architecture.

Personal designsKahn created many unique an intricate buildings, but

among his most memorable were…

• The Yale University Art gallery: 1951.• The Jonas Salk institute for Biological Studies:

1965• The Margaret Esherick house: 1961• The National Assembly building: 1962 Louis Kahn’s works in India :• Indian Institute of Management,Ahemedabad• Institute of Public Administration

Indian Institute of Management,Ahemedabad

• It was an exponent of exposed-brick

architecture.

• The most distinctive feature of the plan

was the numerous arches and square

brick structures with

• Those original prototypes could be

found in the residential areas even

today.

• Huge open spaces depict the freedom

thought, the principles that this

institute stand for.

• The most awe-inspiring and photographed view is that of the

main academic block which is built as a huge monolith.

• The dorms are connected to the main complex by a series of

arched corridors and landscaped courts.

• The 132 feet long underpass connects the old campus to the new.

THANK YOU

pratibha.mohan.71@gmail.com