le passé composé how to express actions that took place in the past
TRANSCRIPT
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Le Passé Composé
How to express actions that took place in the past.
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In previous episodes….
This year we’ve worked on DOUBLE VERB CONJUGATIONS like
•I like to swim=J’aime nager.
•He is going to eat dinner with me.=Elle va dîner avec moi.
•We love to dance. =Nous aimons bien danser.
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However, now…..• ….we’re going to enter the world of the
PAST!
• In French, there are simple tenses, and compound tenses.
• Simple tenses use the main verb and alter the endings to move around in time. For example: I speak French=je parle français. You are american=tu es américain.
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Compound tenses….
• Use an auxiliary (helping) verb) + (plus) a past participle of the main verb.
• There are ONLY two auxiliaries in French: avoir and être.
• For now, we’re only using avoir. The être verbs will come later.
• Once you get the hang of compound verbs in French, you’ve opened the door to ALL compound tenses, and you’re halfway through the verb cycle! Yay!!!
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Composé=compound
• The Passé Composé is a 2-part verb tense. COMPOUND! Just like H2O=water,you MUST have both parts of this tense.
• The auxiliary (avoir or être)
• The past participle
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Avoir—to have
• j’ai nous avons
• tu as vous avez
• il a ils ont
• elle a elles ont
• on a
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For now, we’re only using avoir. The passé composé with être will be taught in a later unit.
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Past participles. In English we say
I walkedI have spoken.
The –ed and –en are past tense endings for those verbs. In French
we have to give our verbs past tense endings, too.
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Past participles ofREGULAR VERBS
• -ER VERBS. Drop the –er
and add back –é….parlé
• -IR VERBS. Drop the –ir
and add back –i…..fini
• -RE VERBS. Drop the –re
and add back –u…..vendu
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Now add the two together to get your compound verb, the passé
composé:PARLER (example of –er verb)
• J’ai parlé Nous avons parlé• Tu as parlé Vous avez parlé• Il a parlé Ils ont parlé
Notice the parlé never changes.
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FINIR (example of an –ir verb)
• J’ai fini Nous avons fini
• Tu as fini Vous avez fini
• Il a fini Ils ont fini
Notice the fini never changes.
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VENDRE (example of an –re verb
• J’ai vendu Nous avons vendu
• Tu as vendu Vous avez vendu
• Il a vendu Ils ont vendu
Notice the vendu never changes.
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Translation into English
• There are 3 ways to translate the passé composé into English:
J’ai parlé
• I spoke
• I have spoken
• I did speak
• NOTE: Don’t try to force English into the translation!
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NOTE!
Don’t try to force English into the translation!
Just because j’ai parlé can be translated into I did speak, don’t think you need a different word to represent “did.” Just as je parle=I speak, I am speaking, I do speak……j’ai parlé=I spoke, I have spoken, I did speak.
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EXAMPLES
• Il a parlé français avec moi.
(He spoke French with me.)
• Nous avons regardé tous les matchs des Cardinals.
(We have watched all the Cardinals games.)
• Avez-vous écouté mon nouveau CD?
(Did you listen to my new CD?)
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TROUBLE-SHOOTINGWhat’s wrong with the following?
• They spoke Spanish in Mexico.Ils parlé espagnol au Mexique.• She finished her homework last night.Elle a ses devoirs hier soir.• You sold your bike in September.Tu as vendus ton vélo en septembre.• They loved the film.Ils a aimé le film.
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Corrected:
• Ils ont parlé espagnol au Mexique. (You MUST have both parts of the verb!)
• Elle a fini ses devoirs hier soir. (You MUST have both parts of the verb!)
• Tu as vendu ton vélo en septembre. (The past participle never changes!)
• Ils ont aimé le film. (Incorrect conjugation of avoir.)
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C’est votre tour….it’s your turn…
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the passé composé for the verbs in parentheses.
1. Tu ____________ (jouer) au foot avec Pierre?2. J’____________ (réussir) à l’examen.3. Il __________ (perdre) dix kilos.4. Nous __________ (adorer) la nouvelle
chanson.5. Vous __________ (choisir) les vestes rouges.6. Ils __________ (entendre) la musique en
classe.
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Les réponses correctes:
1. Tu as joué au foot avec Pierre?
2. J’ai réussi à l’examen.
3. Il a perdu dix kilos.
4. Nous avons adoré la nouvelle chanson.
5. Vous avez choisi les vestes rouges.
6. Ils ont entendu la musique en classe.
Est-ce que vous avez réussi? Did you succeed?
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IRREGULAR VERBS=IRREGULAR PAST PARTICIPLESSo, what if a verb is irregular in the present tense? Then most likely it also has an irregular past participle. For example: faire. If we followed the regular rule, we would drop the –re and add back a –u. Hmm…that would make the past participle of faire=faiu. NON, NON, ET NON! The PP of faire is fait (just like the 3rd person singular). So…j’ai fait une tarte pour le pique-nique= I made a pie for the picnic.
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COMMON IRREGULAR PP’S
• Avoir (yes, it also needs a PP)=eu
• Être (yes it also needs a PP)=été
• Vouloir=voulu
• Pouvoir=pu
• Devoir=dû
• Voir=vu
• Mettre=mis
• Prendre=pris
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Re-cap
• Passé composé=compound past verb tense• MUST have 2 parts: auxiliary & past participle• Auxiliary is avoir for now• Past participles come from the main verb. • Regular verbs drop their –er, -ir, -re endings and
add back –é, -i, -u respectively.• Irregular verbs have irregular past participles.
You’ll just have to memorize these.• The PC translates like this: j’ai parlé=I spoke, I
have spoken, I did speak.