Leadership and Trust

Learning Outcomes

Define leader and leadership Compare and contrast early leadership

theories Describe the four major contingency

leadership theories Describe modern views of leadership

and the issues facing today’s leaders Discuss trust as the essence of

leadership

Who Are Leaders, and What Is Leadership?

Leader Someone who can influence others and who

has managerial authority Leadership

The process of leading a group and influencing that group to achieve its goals

What Traits Do Leaders Have?

Trait Theories of Leadership Theories that isolate characteristics (traits)

that differentiate leaders from non-leaders

The 7 traits shown to be associated with effective leadership

1) Drive “high effort level” 2)Desire to lead “strong desire to

influence and lead others” 3)Honesty & integrity “ build trusting

relationships with followers by being truthful”

4)Intelligence “to gather large amount of information and be able to create vision ,solve problems and make correct decisions.

The 7 traits shown to be associated with effective leadership

5)Self-confedance “ in order to convince followers of the rightness of their goals and decisions

6)job-relevant knowledge “high degree of knowledge about the company , industry, and technical matters.

7)Extravision “ are energetic, lively people, sociable, and rarely silent or withdrawn

What Behaviors Do Leaders Exhibit?

Behavior The actions of people

Behavioral Theories of Leadership Theories that isolate

behaviors that differentiate effective leaders from ineffective leaders

The 3 Leadership Behaviors or styles

1)Autocratic Style A leader who

centralizes authority, dictates work methods, makes unilateral decisions, and limits employee participation

The 3 Leadership Behaviors or styles

2)Democratic Style A leader who

involves employees in decision making, delegates authority, encourages participation in deciding work methods, and uses feedback to coach employees

The 3 Leadership Behaviors or styles (cont.)

3)Laissez-Faire Style A leader who

generally gives employees complete freedom to make decisions and to complete their work however they see fit

What Did the Ohio State Studies Show?

INITIATING STRUCTURE CONSIDERATION

The extent to which a leader defines and structures his or her role and the roles of employees to attain goals

The extent to which a leader has job relationships characterized by mutual trust, respect for employees’ ideas, and regard for their feelings

Identified two categories that accounted for most of the leadership behavior

Conclusion

High- high style generally produced positive outcomes

How Did the University of Michigan Studies Differ?

EMPLOYEE ORIENTED PRODUCTION ORIENTED

A leader who emphasizes the people aspects.

Accept individual differences among members

A leader who emphasizes the technical or taskaspects

Concern mainly with accomplishing their group task.

Also developed two dimensions of leadership behavior

Conclusion

Production oriented have lower group productivity and lower worker satisfaction

Employee Oriented have high group productivity and higher job satisfaction

How Do Followers’ Willingness and Ability Influence Leaders?

Situational Leadership Theory (SLT) A leadership contingency theory that focuses

on followers’ readiness

Readiness The extent to which people have the ability

and willingness to accomplish a specific task

The Four specific leadership Styles

Telling (high task–low relationship) The leader defines roles and tells people what,

how, when, and where to do various tasks Selling (high task–high relationship)

The leader provides both directive and supportive behavior

Four Styles (cont.)

Participating (low task–high relationship) The leader and followers share in decision

making; the main role of the leader is facilitating and communicating

Delegating (low task–low relationship) The leader provides little direction or support

The 4 stages of follower readiness

Unable Unable Able Able

Unwilling Willing Unwilling Willing

Not competent or confident

Motivated but lack of experience

Competent but don’t want to do something

Competent and confident

R1 R2 R3 R4

What Do Contemporary Viewsof Leadership Tell Us?

Transactional Leaders Leaders who lead primarily by using social

exchanges (or transactions) more concerned with maintaining the

normal flow of operations does not look ahead in strategically

guiding an organization to a position of market leadership; instead, these managers are solely concerned with making sure everything flows smoothly today.

What Do Contemporary Viewsof Leadership Tell Us?

Transformational Leaders Leaders who stimulate and inspire (transform)

followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes goes beyond managing day-to-day

operations and crafts strategies for taking his company, department or work team to the next level of performance and success.

set goals and incentives to push their subordinates to higher performance levels, while providing opportunities for personal and professional growth for each employee.

How Do Charismatic and Visionary Leaders Differ?

Charismatic Leaders Enthusiastic, self-confident

leaders whose personalities and actions influence people to behave in certain ways

Visionary Leadership The ability to create and

articulate a realistic, credible, and attractive vision of the future that improves on the present situation

Trust is the Essence of Leadership

Credibility The degree to

which followers perceive someone as honest, competent, and able to inspire

Trust The belief in the

integrity, character, and ability of a leader

Some of great leaders

Some of great leaders

Some of great leaders

Some of great leaders

Some of great leaders