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Title of Presentation To THREE Early connections Last a lifetime
Unit 6: Understanding Behavior
f!IP.w pennsylvania 'il,jJ/ OFFICE OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND EARLY LEARNING
The Growing Brain - Behavior
Leadership Institute on Supporting Social/Emotional Development Nov. 15, 2018
Beth Friedman, Heidi Wettlaufer - EITA Consultants
>Tom Wolf, Governor Pedro A. Rivera, Secretary of Education | Teresa D. Miller, Acting Secretary of Human Services
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1 Understand basic brain anatomy . •
•
•
4.
Understand the connection between the various areas of the brain and how these connections are expressed through behavior .
Understand the key factors that influence behavior .
Understand the root causes of challenging behaviorand effect ive strategies for helping children with these difficulties.
Learning and Discussion Outcomes
• What is Zero to Three “The Growing Brain” Curriculum? How does this session’s focus on behavior fit in?
• Consider and determine the relevance of this information to your work (considerstaff, families, early childhood partners). How can you access the training?
• How may we integrate this information with existing initiatives?
Unit 6 Objectives:
No time today
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Unit 1: The Grow ing Brain - The Basics Handouts
Unit 2: The Grow ing Brain - The Factors Affect ing Brain Growth and Development Handouts Parent Hando ut
Unit 3: The Grow ing Brain - Communication and Language Development Handouts Parent Hando ut
Unit 4: The Grow ing Brain- Cognit ion and Executive Function Handouts Parent Hando ut
Unit 5: The Grow ing Brain- Social-Emot ional Development Handouts Parent Hando ut
---._. • ...,Unit 6: The Grow ing Brain- Understanding Behavior Handouts Parent Hando ut
Unit 7: The Grow ing Brain- Everyday Play Handouts Parent Hando ut
What is Zero to Three “The Growing Brain” Curriculum? How does this session’s focus on behavior fit in?
Typically 3 hour sessions
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EITA Growing Brain Trainers
East
• Donna Miller
Central
• Aimee Newswanger
• Mike Brink*
West
• Beth Friedman
• Janet Gmiter
• DeVoka Gordon
• Heidi Wettlaufer
• Jodie Holberg
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Warm-Up Activity: Tuning in to Your Triggers ZERO To THREE
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Newborn brain 12 oz to 14 oz
(less than a pound)
Adult brain 2 lbs 14 oz to 3 lbs 8 oz
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Experiences Shape the Structure and Functioning of the Brain
• 1 million neural connections per second
• Influenced by early experiences
At Birth 6 Years Old
ZERO To THREE
14 Years Old
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Overview of Brain Anatomy
• Cerebral cortex
• Brain stem (midbrain and hindbrain)
• Limbic system
Cerebral Cortex
ZERO To THREE
Cerebrum
Hypothalamus ___>:;;.- _ Amygdala / _
[
M~•~ / ~ Brain Stem ""'.':;,"'°"""' / \
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Overview of Brain Anatomy: Brain Stem
• Hindbrain + midbrain
• Connections
• Controls reflexes and involuntary processes
• "Fight, flight, or freeze" response
ZERO To THREE
Brain Stem {Midbrain + Hindbrain) Lower order functions
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Overview of Brain Anatomy: Limbic System ZERO To THREE
• Beneath the cerebrum
• Emotions, many higher mental functions
• Matures over time
Cerebrum
Hypothalamus
Amygdala /
[
Midbrain 1/ ~ Brain Stem Pons /
Medu lla Oblongata
Hippocampus
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Overview of Brain Anatomy: Hypothalamus
Controls:
• body temperature
• thirst
• hunger
• circadian rhythm (sleep/wake cycle)
• moods
(Society for Neuroscience, 2016)
ZERO To THREE
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Overview of Brain Anatomy: Amygdala
• Important in analyzing, perceiving, and expressing emotion.
• Undergoes significant structural and functional development across infancy and early childhood
(Callaghan & Tottenham, 2016; Society for Neuroscience, 2016).
Amygdala
ZERO To THREE
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Overview of Brain Anatomy: Hippocampus
• Long-term memories
• Memories of location
• Develops throughout life
(Society for Neuroscience, 2016)
ZERO To THREE
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Overview of Brain Anatomy: Cerebral Cortex
• The outer layer of the cerebrum
• Four lobes
• Frontal lobe
• Parietal lobe
• Temporal lobe
• Occipital lobe
• Advanced activitiesplanning, decision making
• Not fully developed until the mid-20s
• (Society for Neuroscience, 2016)
Ctrtbru .m
ZERO To THREE
Cerebral Cortex
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Overview of Brain Anatomy: Frontal Lobe ZERO To THREE
• Decision making
• Critical thinking Frontal Lobe
• Personality
• Planning
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Overview of Brain Anatomy: Parietal Lobe ZERO To THREE
• Sensory processing
• Integration of information Parietal Lobe
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Overview of Brain Anatomy: Temporal Lobe
• Hearing and selective listening
• Understandingspeech
• Makes sense of all the different sounds
Temporal Lobe
ZERO To THREE
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Overview of Brain Anatomy: Occipital Lobe
• Makes sense of visual information
ZERO To THREE
Occipital Lobe
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The Brain's Role in the Development of Self-Regulation
• Anterior cingulate: receives and coordinates messages from many brain regions to regulate both cognitive and emotional processes.
• Control over impulses starts around 3 years old but is inconsistent.
Anterior Cingulate
ZERO To THREE
Cerebral Cortex
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Cortex
Limbic System
Brainstem
Spinal Cord
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Hand Model of the Brain: Dan Siegel, MD
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gm9CIJ74Oxw
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Summary of Brain Anatomy: Behavior and the Brain
Frontal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Brain Stem
Parietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Brain Stem [M~~a;n'i ~ Pons /
Medulla Oblonga ta
ZERO To THREE
Cerebrum
Hippocampus
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Prevention : Some Children
Integrating Brain-based Learning Concepts
Protective Factor: Knowledge of Parenting and Child Development
Center for the Study of Social Policy’s Strengthening Families – A Protective FactorsFramework.
https://www.cssp.org/young-children-their-families/strengtheningfamilies/about
https://www.cssp.org/reform/strengtheningfamilies/2015/Core-Meanings-of-the-SF-Protective-Factors-2015.pdf
Behavior Pyramid – Nurturing and Responsive Relationships & Supportive Environments
23
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Learn the Signs. Act Early.
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You can follow your child 's development by watch ing how he or she plays , learns, speaks , and acts.
Look inside for milestones to watch for in your child and how you can help your child learn and grow .
Integrating Brain-based Learning Concepts
CDC – Milestone Moments https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/freematerials.html
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\
\
• Expression is influenced by developmental age and stage, temperament, and environmental factors, which provide clues to meaning.
• Effective response depends on understanding why behaviors occur.
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Child's age and stage:
• Abilities in all domains: cognitive, language/communications, socialemotional, physical
• How do skills and abilities affect behavior?
Keep in mind that children under 3 years old:
• are driven by emotions, not logic;
• want and need some sense of control over the world; and
• have very little self-control.
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Development of Self-Control/Self-Regulation
• Self-control/self-regulation-control over attention, emotion, thinking, and behavior
• An important aspect of executive functioning (Diamond, 2006).
ZERO To THREE
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• Temperament accounts for how children approach the world.
• Temperament is brain based, part of our biological makeup.
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• Activity level
• Distractibility
• Intensity
• Regularity
• Sensory threshold
• Approach/withdrawal
• Adaptability
• Persistence
• Mood
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Temperament Shapes Behavior ZERO To THREE
• Brain-based
• A foundation for personality
• Influenced by experience
• Goodness-of-fit
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The Importance of a Child's Sensory Threshold ZERO To THREE
• Processing varies in each child and affects behavior.
• For example, one child happily plays in the indoor gym, while another is overwhelmed by all the noise and activity and plays alone in a corner of the room to protect herself from the sensory overload she is experiencing.
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Environmental Factors/Context ZERO To THREE
• Children's experiences in the world have a significant impact on their behavior:
• quality of early attachments
• quality of maternal caregiving
• poverty
• parents' reactions to children's challenging behavior/the transactional process
• alcohol exposure in utero
• parental abuse or neglect
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• Significant changes can result in behavioral changes
• Changes in everyday routines
• Ongoing stress
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Understanding Challenging Behaviors
H,:maout 6.S
The Meaning of Behavio r
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ZERO To THREE
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Any questions? Thank you for participating
Beth Friedman – [email protected] Heidi Wettlauffer – [email protected]
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Managing Challenging Behaviors ZERO To THREE
Guiding Principles:
• Recognize that children aren't being "bad" on purpose.
• Feelings aren't the problem; it's what we do with our feelings that can become problematic.
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Responsibility/Role of Providers ZERO To THREE
• Caregivers help children handle strong emotions.
• Adults must maintain self-control.
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Staying Calm and Nonreactive ZERO To THREE
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Staying Calm and Nonreactive ZERO To THREE
• "Don't just do something, stand there." (Jeree Pawl)
• Highly charged, emotional reactions can be obstacles to helping children get calm and learn important coping skills.
• Avoid flipping your lid!
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• Practice deep breathing.
• Practice self-talk.
• Ask for help !
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Heading Off Challenging Behaviors ZERO To THREE
• Establish close, open communication with parents.
• Look for patterns in children's reactions over time and make adaptations.
• Adapt the environment and structure of the classroom.
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Approach to Dealing With Challenging Behaviors ZERO To THREE
• Stay calm.
• Have a plan.
• Components of an empathic and effective plan:
• Validate the child's feelings.
• Set the limit. Make the focus following the rule.
• Offer acceptable choices.
• Allow space for recovery.
• Debrief when the child is calm.
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Positive Behavior Support
Social Emotional resources Linked on the EITA Portal http://www.eita-pa.org/sedevelopment/
Center Based Resources – Teaching Social Skills
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When to Consider Further Assessment ZERO To THREE
• Consider further assessment when:
• you notice a marked change in a child's behavior; and
• the behavior is interfering in a child's ability to learn, develop healthy relationships, and function effectively in the classroom.
• Have local resources at the ready (for yourself and for parents)
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I • Various areas of the brain are involved in young children's behavior
communicating through networks shaped by the child's experiences.
• How behaviors get expressed is influenced by several key factorsdevelopment, temperament, and environment-that shape how children process and react to the experiences they have in the world.
• Challenging behavior in very young children can evoke strong emotional reactions for those involved.
• It is important to observe and try to understand the meaning of behaviors and respond in a sensitive, supportive, and nurturing fashion.
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