LeadershipLeadership…… the process of influencing the process of influencing

people so that they will perform a people so that they will perform a variety of tasks in an effective variety of tasks in an effective mannermanner…… who can inspire and who can inspire and

motivate the employeesmotivate the employees . .

Leadership QualitiesLeadership Qualities

A A visionvision and and sense of directionsense of direction as to as to where the business should be goingwhere the business should be going

InnovationInnovation and the creation of new ways of and the creation of new ways of doing thingsdoing things

DedicationDedication and commitment to the and commitment to the businessbusiness

Ability, self-beliefAbility, self-belief and qualities that and qualities that promote support from otherspromote support from others . .

Factors that affect leadership Factors that affect leadership stylesstyles

The leader's personalityThe leader's personality - a dominant individual will tend to - a dominant individual will tend to be more autocratic than someone who listens carefully to be more autocratic than someone who listens carefully to othersothers . .

The leader's skills and abilitiesThe leader's skills and abilities –– Respect and loyalty Respect and loyalty normally have to be earnednormally have to be earned..

CircumstancesCircumstances - some rise during a crisis, whilst others are - some rise during a crisis, whilst others are better in less chaotic circumstancesbetter in less chaotic circumstances . .

CultureCulture - the ways in which a business is run can also affect - the ways in which a business is run can also affect what style of leader it works best underwhat style of leader it works best under . .

The workforceThe workforce - if it is prone to laziness or poor standards - if it is prone to laziness or poor standards then a more dictatorial style of leadership will be neededthen a more dictatorial style of leadership will be needed . .

LEADER•What is a leaderWhat is a leader??

•What qualities would someone who What qualities would someone who is a good leader possessis a good leader possess??

Leadership/management Leadership/management stylesstyles

The way that managers/leaders deal The way that managers/leaders deal with their staff is known as their with their staff is known as their Management StyleManagement Style

Sometimes Management Styles are Sometimes Management Styles are categorisedcategorised::

•AutocraticAutocratic•DemocraticDemocratic

•Laissez - FaireLaissez - Faire

Looking at the words can you

Tell anything about what these management styles

involve?

AutocraticAutocratic

•Autocratic managers are Autocratic managers are AuthoritarianAuthoritarian

•They tell employees what to do and They tell employees what to do and want it done their waywant it done their way

•They tend to use top down They tend to use top down communicationcommunication

DemocraticDemocratic

•Democratic managers like to involve Democratic managers like to involve employees in decisions employees in decisions (Consultative)(Consultative)

•They listen to ideas and encourage They listen to ideas and encourage staff to contributestaff to contribute

•Communication tends to be 2 wayCommunication tends to be 2 way•Delegation occursDelegation occurs

PaternalisticPaternalistic

•A paternalistic manager acts like a A paternalistic manager acts like a ‘father‘father’’

• They try to do what is best for their staffThey try to do what is best for their staff•There will be consultation to find out the There will be consultation to find out the

views of the employees, but decisions are views of the employees, but decisions are made by the managermade by the manager

•  Paternalistic managers are interested in Paternalistic managers are interested in the security and social needs of their staff the security and social needs of their staff but it is still an autocratic approach but it is still an autocratic approach . .

Laissez - FaireLaissez - Faire

•A relaxed approach to managementA relaxed approach to management•Laissez – Faire managers trust staff Laissez – Faire managers trust staff

and give direction with minimal and give direction with minimal supervisionsupervision

Factors affecting Factors affecting Leadership styleLeadership style

Leadership Style

Nature of the task

Personality

Time constraint

s

Skills of manager and the workforce

Rate of change

Level of risk

ConclusionConclusion

•Each management style can work Each management style can work well in different situationswell in different situations

•Managers need to be adaptable and Managers need to be adaptable and change their management style change their management style depending on the situationdepending on the situation

•Trend towards democratic Trend towards democratic management style (due to management style (due to motivation and production motivation and production techniques)techniques)

TaskTask

•Watch the videoWatch the video•What type of management style do What type of management style do

you think each of the managers hasyou think each of the managers has??•Which one of the managers would Which one of the managers would

you prefer to work for? Whyyou prefer to work for? Why ? ?

Types of Leadership StyleTypes of Leadership Style

AutocraticAutocratic::Leader makes decisions without reference to Leader makes decisions without reference to anyone elseanyone else

High degree of dependency on the leaderHigh degree of dependency on the leader

Can create de-motivation and alienation of staffCan create de-motivation and alienation of staff

May be valuable in some types of business May be valuable in some types of business where decisions need to be made quickly and where decisions need to be made quickly and decisivelydecisively

Types of Leadership StyleTypes of Leadership Style

DemocraticDemocratic::Encourages decision making from different Encourages decision making from different perspectivesperspectivesWorkers feel ownership of the firm and its ideasWorkers feel ownership of the firm and its ideas

Improves the sharing of ideas and experiences Improves the sharing of ideas and experiences within the businesswithin the business

Can delay decision makingCan delay decision making

Types of Leadership StyleTypes of Leadership Style

Consultative:Consultative: process of consultation process of consultation before decisions are takenbefore decisions are taken

Persuasive:Persuasive: Leader takes decisions and Leader takes decisions and seeks to persuade others that the seeks to persuade others that the decision is correctdecision is correct

Types of Leadership StyleTypes of Leadership Style

Laissez-FaireLaissez-Faire::‘‘Let it be’ – the leadership responsibilities are shared by allLet it be’ – the leadership responsibilities are shared by all

Can be very useful in businesses where creative ideas are Can be very useful in businesses where creative ideas are importantimportant

Can be highly motivational as people have control over their Can be highly motivational as people have control over their working lifeworking life

Can make coordination and decision making time consuming Can make coordination and decision making time consuming and lacking in overall directionand lacking in overall direction

Relies on good team workRelies on good team work

Types of Leadership StyleTypes of Leadership Style

PaternalisticPaternalistic::

Leader acts as a ‘father figureLeader acts as a ‘father figure’’

Paternalistic leader makes decisions Paternalistic leader makes decisions but may consult with othersbut may consult with others

Believes in the need to support staffBelieves in the need to support staff

Leadership TheoriesLeadership Theories

Blake Mouton Managerial GridBlake Mouton Managerial GridPeople or Task focusedPeople or Task focused

X

X

X X

XPeople

Task

1

1

9

9

1:9 maximum concern for people, minimal concern for product, ‘friendly’ manager, lower productivity, conflict ignored

1:1 mimimal concern for people and product, laissez faire, little effort or involvement

9:1 minimum concern for people, purely task focused, people ‘a number’, autocratic, maximum control

9:9 ‘ideal’ style, maximum concern for people and product, leader gets involved with the people

5:5 a balance of people/product focus, some control but not too much, can fail when high productivity is important

BlakeBlake’’s Grids Grid

Categorise some teachers in terms of Categorise some teachers in terms of BlakeBlake’’s grids grid

Likert's Leadership Likert's Leadership StylesStyles

DemocraticDemocraticAutocraticAutocratic

Exploitive authoritative

Benevolent authoritative

Consultative Participative

Likert's Leadership Likert's Leadership StylesStyles

11 . .Exploitive authoritativeExploitive authoritative - -the leader has a low concern for peoplethe leader has a low concern for people

- -uses fear-based methods such as threats to uses fear-based methods such as threats to achieve conformance achieve conformance

--Communication is almost entirely one-wayCommunication is almost entirely one-way

22 . .Benevolent authoritativeBenevolent authoritative - -the leader has some concern for peoplethe leader has some concern for people

- -the leader now uses rewards to encourage the leader now uses rewards to encourage appropriate performance appropriate performance

- -listens more to concerns of subordinateslistens more to concerns of subordinates - -most major decisions are still made by the leadermost major decisions are still made by the leader..

Likert's Leadership Likert's Leadership StylesStyles

33 . .ConsultativeConsultative - -the leader is making genuine efforts to the leader is making genuine efforts to

listen to the ideas of subordinateslisten to the ideas of subordinates . . - -major decisions are still largely made by major decisions are still largely made by

the leaderthe leader . .

44 . .ParticipativeParticipative-the leader makes maximum use of the leader makes maximum use of

includingincluding subordinates in decision- subordinates in decision-makingmaking . .

Tannenbaum SchmidtTannenbaum SchmidtContinuum of LeadershipContinuum of Leadership