LEAF 9

حرف Answer 1

Find words in the Quran that have root letters حرف and write down the verses

that contain them with translation, to show their meaning.

ن الذ فاون ينن اوا ا مذ رذسمع يا عن عصين اسمع غي ما اون سمذ ول هذ يقا عذ الكذم عن مواضذ

يننذ م طعن فذ الذ نتذهذ لسذن ل بذأ راعذ

Among the Jews are those who distort words from their [proper] usages and

say, "We hear and disobey" and "Hear but be not heard" and "Ra'ina," twisting

their tongues and defaming the religion.

- From رفا (F2) يا which means to alter, to distort , to twist, to pervert An-Nisa 4:46

ن النسذ من يعبادا اللـه عل ن بذهذ حرف مذصبها خي اطمأ

صبتها فذتنة فإذن أ

إذن أ

هذ جهذ انقلب عل

And among mankind is he who worships Allah as it were, upon the very edge (i.e.

in doubt); if good befalls him, he is content therewith; but if a trial befalls him, he

turns back on his face (i.e. reverts back to disbelief after embracing Islam).

From حرف which means side ,edge

Al-Hajj 22:11

بارها إذل م ينومئذذ وا هذذ ف من يناول تحرذ تل ما قذ …لذ

And whoever turns his back to them on such a day, unless going sideways for

fighting, manoeuvring for battle

- From تحرذف 1ما which means the one who approaches from the side, one

coming sideways.

Al-Anfal 8:16

Answer 2

There are 2 types of harfs(particles) in Nahwu:

حرف مبن

We build words from these letters and we call them letters of the Alphabet or

ر ف الهذ جءحا

ح –ج –ث –ت –ب –أ e.g.

حرف معن The 2nd type of letters have meaning and play a function in the sentence.

e.g. ل –ك –إلى –من

1 Brill

Some Types of Harfs

Meaning Root

Letters

Examples of Harf Type of

Harf

To pronounce the last

consonant with i, put a word

into genitive

ن إلى حت جر رذ ال 2 ف مذ

To be similar or equal to,

grammatically, a fil. ن إذن شبه

ن أ

ن كأ

شب 3 بذأ هةا الما

ع لفذ لذ بذTo be inclined or attached

towards something or

someone

فذ ط الع ف ثام أ عطف

To alert يهذ بذ ن ال ا أل أم نبه To call ين ين ند

اي أ

4أ

اءذ د النذ ي,أ

To reply, to answer جوب يجبذ الذ نعم بلى يإذ ل ج أ

To add ن زيد ةذ يو زذ ال ب ل م مذTo explain فسر

ي نأ

يذ سذ ف ال أ

To originate صدر ن أ

مصدرذ ال5 م ن أ

To jolt, to scare لوم خض لاأ يضذ ال ال ولل خضذ

To verify, to substantiate,

to be precise يقذ قذ ح ال 6 قد حق

2 There are 17 Harfs of Jarr in Arabic; 11 are used in the Quran. Only 4 are shown here.

3 Also known as Harf of Nasb

4ةفتوح الهمزة الم Hamzah vowelled with fathah

5ر صد .is an ism that is not derived but other words may be derived from it. Linguistically it means the origin or source الم

6.is another term by which this particle is called الوقع ق د is only used with f’ils. It may be used with both present and past tense and

in the Quran it is used to emphasize and imply certainty. In modern Arabic it may have the meaning of “might” or “already” or

“certainly” depending on context. If it is used in a conditional sentence, as part of an answer to the condition, ق د is usually

preceded by ف ق د <= ف .

Meaning Root

Letters

Examples of Harf Type of

Harf To understand فهم

همذ ف تذ س لذ ا لا أ

To impose as a condition م لو ن إذ شرط طذ ش ال أ

To prevent الروعذ ك روع Feminine الأنذيثذ ت انث Nunnation ينذ الن ن7 نون وذTo affirm, to stress, to

emphasise يدذ ن8 ل كد كذ

الأ

To cut short, to pronounce

the final consonant of a

word without a vowel.

إن لم لذ جزم مذ زذ ال مل

To delete ن إذ نسخ خذ سذ الن ن أ

To exclude وى ثني و سا نءذ ث تذ س الذ ل إذ غيا ىسذTo redress, correct اكذ ر د تذ س اذ لكن ورك To restrict, to encompass صرذ ال إل حصر To begin, to start ن بدء ةذ البذداين مذTo end ةذ ين الغ إلى غي

7 Tanweens are associated with isms. They show different things about the ism. It can mean that the ism is capable

of I’rab and can take all-case endings ( زيد) , or it is nakirah – indefinite ( صح) , or it is replacing the mudhaf ilayhi ( ينومئذذ) , or it is attached to a feminine, sound plural ( سلذمت .(ما8 There are 2 types of nun for emphasis فيف ة و ث قيل ة lightened (The nun is with sukoon) and heavy (the nun has – خ

shaddah or is doubled)

Meaning Root

Letters

Examples of Harf Type of

Harf

To cause, to bring about ةذ ي بذ بذ الس ف سب To justify, to explain يلذ لذ ع ال ل عل To deny ةذ ي فذ الن9 ل نفو To forbid ةذ ي الناذ 10 ل نهو To be similar ةع ر ض الما 11 ت ي ن أ ضرع To make a speech بط الذ ك خطب To protect ةقين الوذ 12 ن قي To be ill, to be weak ةل العذ 13 ي ا عل To begin, to resume ( a

sentence, grammatically) اذستئنفذية ف انف

9نافي ة ال does not affect or change the “verb” it negates.

10 ”which means “Do not…” as in “forbidding” does affect the “verb الناهي ة

11 This is the name for the letters with which فعل مضرع will always begin.

12 This ن is called a protector ن because it protects the final vowel of the فعل from omission e.g. the ن in ينتنيذ

ينتذنيذ or رأ

رأ

13 These are known as “weak letters” because they don’t retain their original form when new words are derived from

roots e.g when فعل are conjugated or transformed into اسم . They may either be deleted or changed into another

letter.

Answer 3

State what role the highlighted harfs play in the following verses:

ينن ك ذ فرا ا قل الذ وا سبذيلن ل ينن آمناوا اتبذعا م لذ ل خطينكا لنحمذ

لذين م مذ م بذ ن اا ء مذ ن ش م مذ باون إذن خطيناا م لكذذ ﴾١٢﴿ ها

Al-Ankabut 29:12

ذ قل ينن ل ل لذ م م لنحمذ ن اا م مذ م إذن خطيناا ها

يةاذست يةذ الن العطفذ رذ ال ئنفذ علذ رذ ال فذ لفذ بذشبهةا الما

طم نشءا ل و ل ون ف علنها حا ﴾٦٥﴿ظلتام تفكهاAl-Waqiah 56:65

ظلتام ف علنها ل نشءا لو

يدذ الشطذ كذ ةذ ي بذ بذ الس الأ

ي ينيما ك هأ ما الصذ تذب عليكا ينن آمناوا كا تذب مالذ م عل كا ن قبلذكا ينن مذ الذون لعل م تتقا ﴾١٨٣﴿ كا

Al-Baqarah 2:183 (pg 223)

ي ينم لعل عل مك هأ كا

شب رذ ال المصدرذ ةئد زاذ يهذ بذ ن ال اءذ د النذ ع هةا الما لفذ لذ بذ

References:

Bayyinah Access Notes

Qutoof Academy Foundation and Advanced Course Notes

The Guidance in Arabic Grammar – Translated by Ali Abdur Rasheed