learners' roles in the different teaching approaches and methods
TRANSCRIPT
Learners’ Roles in The Different Teaching Approaches & Methods
By: Abla BEN BELLAL
THE OUTLINE: 1*The Grammar Translation Method(learners’
role). 2* The Direct Method (learners’ role) 3* The Oral- Aural approach( Learners’ role) 4* The Silent way Approach( Learners’ role) 5* The Community Language Learning Approach
( CLL) (learners’ role) 6*The Oral Approach (SLT) (learners’ role) 7*The Communicative Approach (CLT)
(learners’role)
THE GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD
Traditional / Classical
A method based on explicit teaching
Emphasis on reading and writing skills
CHARACTERISTICS OF GTM Classroom language is L1
No attention is given to pronunciation
Teacher centred method
Grammar is taught deductively
LEARNERS’ ROLE They are passive
They translate passages
They memorize
They fill-in-the blanks
SOME MERITS OF GTM The target language is easily explained
Teacher and students’ communication is easy
THE DIRECT METHOD Natural method
Reaction against GTM
Focuses on speaking
THE AIM OF THE DIRECT METHOD
Makes students speak in the target language
Increases students’ vocabulary
Improves their accent and pronunciation
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DIRECT METHOD
Never uses translation
Emphasizes the use of the target language
Grammar is learnt inductively
Everyday vocabulary and grammar structures are taught
LEARNERS’ ROLE
They are less passive than the GTM
Students and teachers are like partners in the learning process
SOME MERITS OF THE DIRECT METHOD
Students acquire fluency in speech
It is a natural way to teach a language
THE AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD Oral based approach
It is similar to the direct method
Focuses on repetition
CHARACTERISTICS The lesson is build on drills
Explicit grammar rules are not provided
Everyday speech is emphasized
Vocabulary is kept to a minimum
ORAL DRILLS ARE TYPICAL OF THE AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD
These include:
Repetition
Inflection
Replacement
Restatement
LEARNERS’ ROLE
Immitators of the teacher’s model
They follow teachers’ instructions
**THE SILENT WAY APPROACH**
A PEDAGOGICAL APPROACH BY : CALEB GATTENGO
Inventor of pedagogical Materials for learning & Teaching approaches.
Why silent ??
Silence is a teaching technique A silent teacher Active & independent learners
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LEARNING/ TEACHING PROCESS:
Studying the language through its basic building blocks,” its sounds”
using the students' errors to see where the language is unclear to students and, hence, where to work.
students describe their reactions to the lesson.
Students ‘ attention is a key to learning.
WORDS CHART & SOUND – COLOR CHART:
COLORED RODS:
LEARNER ROLES :
1. The learner is a problem solver.2. Learners are responsible for their
learning.3. Learners are independent.4. Learners are autonomous.5. Learners participate actively.
**THE COMMUNITY LANGUAGE LEARNING APPROACH: ( CLL)**
An approach in which students work together. ( developing the speaking ability)
The teacher = a language Counsellor
FROM WHERE DOES THE CLL APPROACH TAKE ITS PRINCIPLES?
The CLL approach The Counselling learning
Charles Curran ( psychologist)
PRINCIPLES:1. Teacher & students are whole
persons.
2. Students learn best when they choose what they practice.
3. Cooperative work in the class.
LEARNERS’ ROLE:1. Learners become members of a
community
2. They listen attentively to the teacher to express their ideas.
3. They work in groups.
THEIR ROLES IN THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF LEARNING & TEACHING ACTIVITIES:
1. Translation2. Recording3. Transcription4. Listening5. Free conversation
THE FIVE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT (DEPENDENCY INTERDEPENDENCY)
1. The birth stage: dependent learners.2. Self assertive: The ability improves.3. Resentful & indignant: understand
the TL.4. Tolerant: learners are secure to take
criticism.5. Independent: they become the
knowers.
HOW DOES THE TEACHER RESPOND TO STUDENTS’ ERRORS?
Works in a non threatening way.
Listens attentively to students.
He/she has to be sensitive to his/her learners.
THE ORAL APPROACH SLT ‘ When we acquire our primary
language , we do so by learning how to behave in situations , not by learning rules about what to say ’ Halliday.
DEFINITION & CHARACTERISTICS :
SLT is based on structural view of language .
SLT emphasizes on the presentation of structures in situations .
Characteristics: Focus on Grammar. Focus on vocabulary.
THE ORAL APPROACH OBJECTIVES:
The accurate use of vocabulary items and grammar rules in order to achieve a particular mastery of the four basic skills .
The ability to respond quickly and accurately in speech situations with an automatic control of basic structures and sentence patterns .
LEARNERS’ ROLE: Learner uses the knowledge in actual
practice a personal skill Learner produces accurate pronunciation
and uses grammar . Learner’s performance is a key factor for
achieving the mastery of the language skills . Learner connects the acquired language to
the practical life .
THE COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING APPROACH ( CLT ) :
“ communicative language teaching can be understood as a set of principles about the goals of language teaching ,the kinds of classroom activities that best facilitate learning , and the roles of teachers and learners in the classroom “Jack C . Richards .
CLT PRINCIPLES: Communicative methodology is
learner centered . Language is a creative process . The emphasis : fluency not
accuracy . Interaction between speakers . Learner is participant & observer .
THE GOALS OF CLT : Teaching communicative
competence . Develop fluency in language use .
The FA activities : Examples : Fluency tasks . students perform a play . create
what happens preserving the meaning not the exact language .
Accuracy tasks . Learning grammar through dialogues .
Task-completion activities . Puzzles , map-reading , games … etc .
Information-gathering tasks . Surveys , interviews … etc .
LEARNERS’ ROLE: Learners participate in a
cooperative classroom activities . Learners should become
comfortable with listening to their peers in group work or pair work tasks .
They should become autonomous learners .
REFERENCES: 1/A.FKI-Aouam . The situational approach to
language teaching .
2/D. Gültekin Boran. Methods and Approaches in Language Teaching in brief .
3/George Ann Gregory. “Silent way”... what it is.
4/Nyimas Nurkomariya Maretha Pinky. Direct Method. English Education Study Program. Sriwijaya University.
5/ P.Nagaraj. Application of Community Language Learning for Effective Teaching . Department of English and Foreign Language Languages. Bharathiar University.
6/Richards, J.C. y T.S. Rodgers (1987). Approaches and
Methods in Language Teaching .The Silent Way (pp. 99-112). Reino Unido: Cambridge University Press.
7/William Lake .the Audiolingual Method . 8/WWW. Slideshare .net/aronni/the –audio-lingual-method.
9/WWW.Slideshare.net/Vacoka/ grammar-
translation-method-presentation.
10/Zainuddin et al .(2011). Fundamentals of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages in K-12 Mainstream Classrooms . Chapter 11: Methods/Approaches of Teaching ESOL: A Historical Overview 73.Kendall Hunt Publishing Co.