learning and teaching in the digital age (by steve wheeler)
DESCRIPTION
The world is in a constant state of change. The changes are profoundly affecting every part of the fabric of our society. Education is particularly is affected by change, with a direct impact on the cultures of our schools and universities, and also by projection – with implications for all our futures. It is likely that the students we now teach will leave school to enter a world of work that is radically different to the world with which we are currently familiar. The evolution of digital media has brought us to an unprecedented point in history where we are able to connect, create and collaborate in new ways on a global basis. Knowledge production is burgeoning, to the extent that any fact or statistic is now openly searchable and available on the Web. Such cultural shifts necessitate new modes of thinking, new ways of communication and new rules of engagement with people, content and organisations. Mobile technologies, handheld devices and social media have combined to create fertile, anytime-anyplace learning opportunities that are unprecedented. Teachers and learners are adapting to these new untethered and ubiquitous modes of education, and in so doing, are discovering an entirely new array of skills which we shall call the ‘digital literacies’. These include the ability to learn across and between multiple and diverse platforms, the ability to self broadcast to large audiences and the discernment to select and filter out good and bad content, all achievable within ever changing mediated environments. What will be the new skills and literacies that teachers and students will need, to survive and thrive in the digital age? How will assessment of learning change? What will be the expectations of young learners, and will these differ from what the institutions can offer? Ultimately, how will teachers prepare students for a world of work we can no longer clearly describe? I n this presentation he will explore these concepts and discuss the future of learning and teaching in the digital age.TRANSCRIPT
Learning and teaching in the digital age
Steve Wheeler@timbuckteeth
Plymouth University, UK
8th International Teacher Training Seminar, Barcelona, Spain: October 6th, 2011
Here's to the crazy ones. The misfits. The rebels. The troublemakers. The round pegs in the square holes. The ones who see things differently.They're not fond of rules. And they have no respect for the status quo.You can quote them, disagree with them, glorify or vilify them. But the only thing you can't do is ignore them. Because they change things. They push the human race forward.And while some see them as the crazy ones, we see genius.Because the people who are crazy enough to think they can change the world, are the ones who do.
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
“For the first time we are preparing students for a future we cannot clearly describe.” – David Warlick
http://communications.nottingham.ac.uk/podcasts/
Our Shared Problem...
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
http://aproposofnothing.files.wordpress.com
Introducing technology into education
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
New and emerging technologies...
http://www.weirdthings.org.uk
...are often met with opposition.
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
I P D
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
InnovationPrevention
Department
http://aproposofnothing.files.wordpress.com
Introducing computers into schools
“Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic”
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
We are battling against a common enemy....
ignorance
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
http://www.dailymail.co.uk
If you think education is expensive...
...try ignorance.
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
What is wrong with school?
“Education is what remains after one has forgotten everything he learned in
school.” – Albert Einstein
http://gradeproud.com
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Does education need transformation?
Source: Chambers English Dictionary
"In large states public education will always be mediocre, for the same reason that in large kitchens the cooking is usually bad."
- Nietzschehttp://thescholasticdiary.wordpress.com
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Young people’s out-of-school experiences with technology can mean that students
find the presentation of school curriculum less challenging, less
relevant and less engaging.
Source: http://community.learningobjects.com
http://encefalus.com
/
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Education is changing for young people as they experience self-directed learning,
(mostly outside school) about things that interest them.
Source: http://community.learningobjects.com
http://flickr.com/photos/thomcochrane/416206133/
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
“Education must begin with the solution of the teacher-student contradiction, by reconciling the poles of the contradiction so that both are simultaneously teachers and students.”
- Paulo Frierehttp://arts.anu.edu.au
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
“The wish to preserve the past rather than the hope of creating the future dominates the minds of those who control the teaching of the young" - Bertrand Russell
http://flickr.com/photos/shu1/6065783/
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
Does education need reform?
The School Computer Suite...
http://www.hseb.utah.edu
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
http://i.dailymail.co.uk
Objections from educators
...they are distracting and disruptive. The phone becomes
the focus of attention,inappropriate images/videos can
be taken and sent, leading to invasion of privacy and loss of
teacher control!
Mobile phones are banned in most schools because...
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
Half of teens send 50 or more text messages a day, or 1,500 texts a month, and one in three send more than 100 texts a day, or more than 3,000 texts a month. (2009 statistics)
Source: http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/Teens-and-Mobile-Phones.aspx
http://blog.roadandtravel.com
Mobile phones are the natural communication
tool of choice for younger users.
Are we preparing this generation for the future
or for the past?
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
What are the needs of today’s learners?
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Digital Natives?
The Net
Generation?
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
http://www.flickr.com/photos/56155476@N08/5667863948/
Homo
Zappiens?
Learners will need new ‘literacies’
• Social networking• Privacy maintenance• Identity management• Creating content• Organising content• Reusing and repurposing• Filtering and selecting• Self presenting
http://www.mopocket.com/
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
anytime
personalised
anyplacehttp://ithalas.com
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Trends in Education
Just for me Apprenticeship model
Just in case Standard Curriculum
Just in timeBespoke Curriculum
Just for mePersonalised Learning
Personal Learning Environment
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
A system that helps learners take control of and manage their own learning. This includes providing
support for learners to
Personal Learning Environment
manage their learning
set their own learning goals
communicate with others
cc S
teve
Whe
eler
, Uni
vers
ity o
f Ply
mou
th, 2
010
User Generated Content
What does a personal learning environment look like?
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Personalised Learning
Today you are You, that is truer than true. There is no one alive who is Youer than You.
- Dr Suesshttp://images.fanpop.com/images
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Personalisation of learning means ensuring that individual differences are
acknowledged
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Generating Content
Sharing Content Organising Content
Personal Web Tools
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Generating Content
Sharing Content Organising Content
Blog Mashup
Wiki
Tagging
Personal Web Tools
E-portfolio
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Personal Learning Environments
PersonalLearning Environment
Personal Learning Network
PersonalWeb Tools
Source: http://steve-wheeler.blogspot.com/2010/07/anatomy-of-ple.html
PLEs are not only personal web tools and personal learning networks. PLEs
are much wider than this, taking in experiences and realia, as well as learning through TV, music, paper based materials, radio &
more formal contexts.
Learning content is not as important now as where (or who) to connect to, to
find it.
PWTs are any web tools, (usually Web 2.0) chosen
by learners to support their lifelong learning.
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
http:
//so
cial
ente
rpris
eam
bass
ador
s.or
g.uk
Learning to learn
Critical thinking
Collaboration
Creativity
Reflection
Evaluation
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Why social media?
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Social media use 2011
>750 Million
>200Million95 million tweets/day
>100 Million
>125 Million
>17 million
articles
(in English)>5 Billion images3000 images/minute
2 Billion views/day24 hours/minute Source: http://www.browsermedia.co.uk
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
There are 5 billion mobile phone connections. 3 times as many mobile phones as computers on the planet.
Source: BBC News 2010
Data consumed in 2010 for mobiles 2.8 exabytesData consumed in 2009 1.1 exabytes
The global context...Social media use is on the rise with over 750 million users on Facebook and 24 hours of video uploaded every minute on Youtube.
Stev
e W
heel
er, U
nive
rsity
of P
lym
outh
, 201
1
http://www.uksmallbusinesswebsites.co.uk
With access to Social Media everyone has a voice
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
What are the new pedagogies?
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
EducationEducere (latin) = to draw out what is within
= to bring out potential
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
EducationEducere (latin) = to draw out what is within
= to bring out potential
Image source: http://laescueladeateanas.files.wordpress.com
Socratic discourse is based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical
thinking and illuminate ideas.
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
We cannot ‘manage’ self-organised learning for our students.
We can only create conducive environments within which students will organise their own learning.
Self Organised Learning
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Formal and Informal learning
Formal Learning Informal Learning
20%80%
Source: Cofer, D. (2000). Informal Workplace Learning.
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
http://www.ischool.berkeley.edu
cc S
teve
Whe
eler
, Uni
vers
ity o
f Ply
mou
th, 2
010
Networked learning
“Understanding how networks work is one of the most important literacies of the 21st Century.”
- Howard Rheingold
Making Connections
In connectivism, learning involves creating connections and developing a network. It is
a theory for the digital age drawing upon chaos, emergent properties, and
self organised learning.
(It’s not what you know but who you know)
Source: Wikipediahttp://www.pestproducts.com
cc S
teve
Whe
eler
, Uni
vers
ity o
f Ply
mou
th, 2
010
Social Networks...Redefine community, friendship, identity, presence, privacy, geography, power relationships
Enable learning, connections, collaboration, sharing, exploration
Adapted from Couros, A. (2010)
http://www.guardian.co.uk
http://strategicdc.com
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Social Networks...Redefine community, friendship, identity, presence, privacy, geography, power relationships
Enable learning, connections, collaboration, sharing, exploration
Networks form around shared interests, ideas and objects
Adapted from Couros, A. (2010)
http://www.guardian.co.uk
http://strategicdc.com
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
RhizomesDeleuze & Guattari
‘Anarchy’ of the Web
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
“...multiple, non-hierarchical entry and exit points in data representation and
interpretation.”
Rhizomatic learning
http://archbold-station.org
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Rhizomatic learning
“In the rhizomatic view, knowledge can only be negotiated, [and is] a personal knowledge-creation process with mutable goals and constantly negotiated premises.”
Source: Cormier, D. (2008) http://davecormier.com/edblog/
© S
teve
Whe
eler
, Uni
vers
ity o
f Ply
mou
th, 2
008
Community as curriculum: The users become the arbiters of what constitutes knowledge
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
http://www.flickr.com/photos/luc/
Paragogy
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
The kinds of learner support
Social support
Academicsupport
Technicalsupport
Reference: (Carnwell, 2000)
Traditionally the domain of the teacher/tutor
These are often provided by peers
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
“We are seeing peer-based learning networks where students are learning as much from each other as they are from their mentors and tutors.” – John Seely-Brown
Image source: http://businessinnovationfactory.com
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
What will be the new teacher roles?
http://aproposofnothing.files.wordpress.com
“Any teacher who can be replaced by a computer....
.... should be”.
- Arthur C. Clarke
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
“A computer once beat me at chess...
http://woodforthetrees.files.wordpress.com
...but was no match for me at kickboxing.”
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Content curation
Collaboration
Facilitation
Inspiration!
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
http://www.flickr.com/photos/worldbank/2760560588/
Co-learning
Learning support
Doctors save lives.
Teachers make lives.
http://w
ww
.taranakicareers.co.nz
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Digital Content Curation
www.scoop.it/t/future-school
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
“We need to trust the innate ability of learners to self assess.”
- Derek RobertsonE-Assessment Scotland, 2010
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Ipsative assessment...
...where a student’s learning is measured against previous attainment. This is observed in games where players are constantly trying to better their own previous top scores.
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Triadic assessmentPeer Assessment
Tuto
r Ass
essm
ent
Self Asse
ssment
Triadic Assessment (Gale et al, 2002)
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Multimedia brought the world into the classroom...
www.canada.com
Smart technologies will take the classroom out into the world.
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
“All too often today we are giving young people cut flowers when we should be teaching them to grow their own plants.”
- John W Gardner
http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/image/s_flowers-lost-gardens-of-heligan.jpg
http://www.newcastle.edu.au
The future?
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
Thank you!
W: steve-wheeler.netE: [email protected]: steve-wheeler.blogspot.comT: @timbuckteeth
Picture by Helen Keegan
Stev
e W
heel
er, P
lym
outh
Uni
vers
ity, 2
011
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 UK:
International Licence.
Steve Wheeler [email protected] University of Plymouth, United Kingdom