Learning Kit: Techniques & Tools

Environmental and Territory Management

2nd Semester 2018-2019

2

INDEX

Workplan 3

Network tree – Problem tree 4

Cause-effect diagram 5

Fishbone diagram 6

Question matrix 7

Need to know board 8

Veen diagram 9

Five senses mindfulness 10

Stakeholder identification – Rainbow diagram 11

Importance vs influence matrix 12

Stakeholder influence diagram 13

Stakeholder onion diagram 14

Interconnected-circles map 15

Value chain 16

Scaling map 19

Community history map 20

Resources use map 21

Ecosystem services identification and mapping 22

Mapping ecosystem services 23

DPSIR framework 24

Conflict analysis 25

SWOT analysis 26

POOCH model 27

3

WORKPLAN:

Obj.: Outline the set of tasks and sub-tasks by which the group can accomplish the group work goals, offering the reader a better understanding

of the scope of the project work.

Group Tasks Estimated timeframe for completion (in weeks)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

4

PROBLEM ANALYSIS

NETWORK TREE – PROBLEM TREE

Obj.: Mapping out main problems, along with their causes and effects, giving the opportunity to cleary establish a shared view of the situation.

5

CAUSE-EFFECT DIAGRAM

Obj.: Define and view the major causes, sub-causes and root causes that influence a problem process, providing a focus for discussion and

visualizing the possible relationships between causes which may be creating problems.

6

FISHBONE DIAGRAM - CAUSE-EFFECT DIAGRAM

Obj.: Define and view the major causes, sub-causes and root causes that influence a problem process, providing a focus for discussion and

visualizing the possible relationships between causes which may be creating problems.

7

QUESTION MATRIX

Obj.: Analyse your problem considering a wide range of questions and temporal dimensions

Topic/Issue/Problem:

Event Situation Choice Stakeholder Reason Means

What Where /

When

Which Who Why How

Present is?

are?

do?

does?

Past was?

do?

did?

Possibility can?

could?

should?

Probability would?

Prediction will?

8

NEED TO KNOW BOARD

Obj.: Obtain a clear picture of the situation / problem, mapping out what we know and what we need to know, facilitating the development of

the action plan.

Facts

What do I know?

Assumptions

What am I assuming to be true?

Learning issues

What do I need to research?

Action plan

Where, how, and/or from whom

can I find answers to my

questions that will result in new

facts?

9

VENN DIAGRAM

Obj.: Used to compare and contrast information. Encourage to go beyond the simple identification of similarities and differences, to see

relationships between and among information – think deeply about the connections between two or more concepts.

How to use: Write down details that tell you how the subjects are different in the outer circles; write down details that tell you how the subjects

are alike where the circles overlap.

10

FIVE SENSES MINDFULNESS

Obj.: Use the five senses - sight, taste, touch, hearing and smell – to collect information about your environment surroundings, making sense of

the information based on your previous experience (and subsequent learning) and by the combination of the information from each of the

senses.

11

STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS

STAKEHOLDER IDENTIFICATION – RAINBOW DIAGRAM

Obj.: Visualise the differences between stakeholders who may affect a situation or course of action and stakeholders who may be affected by it.

12

IMPORTANCE VS INFLUENCE MATRIX

Obj.: Capture the degree to which each stakeholder has influence over the relevant issues / problems / objectives / solutions, and their level of

interest. It helps to think about their ‘importance’ (is the priority given to satisfying the needs and interest of each stakeholder) and ‘influence’

(the power a stakeholder must facilitate or impede the achievement of an activity’s objective).

13

STAKEHOLDER INFLUENCE DIAGRAM

Obj.: To examine and visually display the relative influence that different individuals and groups have over decision-making / a specific issue,

enabling better understanding and explicit discussion of who influences the issue at stake.

enables better understanding and explicit discussion of who influences policy.

14

STAKEHOLDER ONION DIAGRAM

Obj.: A way of visualizing the relationship of stakeholders to a project goal. Additional information can be included that shows relationships

among stakeholders to each other or to specific layers of the project. It focuses on the project goal at the center, not the project itself or key

stakeholders.

15

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

INTERCONNECTED CIRCLES MAPS

Obj.: Visual representation of the system behind the problem / solution / innovation. Allows to take on a systemic view and see connections

between the different elements of the system (the nodes) that might otherwise not have been perceived. It also allows to map out flows of

material, relationships, information, etc., throughout the system (the connections).

16

VALUE CHAIN

Obj.: Sequence of related business activities (functions) from the provision of specific inputs for a particular product to primary production,

transformation, marketing, and up to the final sale of the particular product to consumers. Helps to visualize the representation of a value chain

which helps to understand how various actors relate to each other.

17

How to use:

18

Example of use:

19

SCALING MAP

Obj.: For a successful implementation of solutions, build up a future map by scaling up (temporally) the idea your work addresses. It is possible

to scale up the problem or geographically replicate your idea.

20

COMMUNITY HISTORY CHART

Obj.: Visually portray the changes that have affected a community life (or territory) over the years, in terms of social organization, health,

production, consumption, natural resources, etc.

21

RESOURCES USE MAP

Obj.: Identify the influence stakeholders have in the use of resources and assets. Illustrates the dynamics of the system.

Resources and Assets

Access to assets/resources

Who uses them?

Control over assets/resources

Who decides on their use?

Stakeholder 1 Stakeholder 2 Stakeholder 1 Stakeholder 2

Resource 1

Resource 2

Resource 3

22

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IDENTIFICATION AND MAPPING

(Burkhard B, Maes J (Eds.) (2017) Mapping Ecosystem Services. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia)

23

MAPPING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

How to use:

- Jacobs, S., Burkhard, B., van Daele, T., Staes, J. And Schneiders, A., 2015, The matrix reloaded: a review of experts knowledge use for mapping

ecosystem services. Ecological Modelling, 295: 21-30

24

DPSIR FRAMEWORK

Obj: Driver-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) framework, which has been widely used for environmental management issues. It supports

mapping of ecosystem types, providing information on their natural conditions.

25

CRITICAL ANALYSIS

CONFLICT ANALYSIS:

Obj: To identify the main sources of conflict in the community; this may be vital to the handling of collective resources such as water, fuelwood,

pasture, etc.

26

SWOT ANALYSIS:

Obj: Deeper understanding of the solution’s offer, what opportunities it has and what should be worked on. It can also lead to further ideas on

who to ask support from and how to better strategize success.

27

POOCH MODEL:

Obj: Clarify issues by using logic in judging information for safe and informed decisions.