LOM-IEEE with Metadata basics

MANASA RATH1st year M.S.(LIS)

Roll No.- 4

CONTENTS

METADATA Need Structure Types and Functions Anatomy Relationship between metadata schema and record LOM-IEEE Introduction Structure Categories CanCore GEM 2.0

METADATA

Simply defined as “Data about data” Refined to “structured information that describes, explains, locates, or otherwise makes easier to retrieve, use, or manage an information resource” Metadata, like data, is expressed as singular or plural. Required for physical access, finding sources we need and places we want to go on the Web or within an internal Website, science behind how search engines work effectively. Invisible hand of efficient organisation in the Web.

Brief History

LIBRARY ORGANISATION

PRE INTERNET CATALOGING

CSDGM, FGDC in early 1990's

OCLC-Dublin Core after initiation of a project in 1994

Metadata Standards

MODS

LOM-IEEE VRA

PREMIXMODS

ONIX

EAD

CDWA

DOI

PBCore

MPEG-7

FOAF

STRUCTURE

Semantics What are the metadata elements? What are the definitions of these elements? Are they mandatory? Repeatable?

Content rules How are values for the metadata elements selected and represented?

Syntax How are the metadata elements encoded in machine readable form?

Metadata formats and schemes The metadata elements and rules for use that have been defined for a

particular purpose

Metadata schema How a metadata format is formally structured in a database or in XML.

Schemes, schemas, and formats

TYPES and FUNCTIONS

Descriptive Metadata-describes a resource for puposes such as discovery and identification Structural Metadata- how compound objects are put together Adminstrative Metadata- provides information to help manage a resource Technical Metadata- describes when and how the digitised document was created as well as its file type etc. Rights management Metadata- concerned with intellectual property rights of the document in original as well as the digital form Preservation Metadata- contains information needed to archive and preserve document images Structural Metadata- keeping the content and arranging in a sequence

ANATOMY

Elements* in a metadata may structured in different ways and presented in an element set scheme*

Linear list- enumerated Flat list- side by side Hierachical structure-Parent child relationship * A metadata element is a formally defined term used to describe one of the properties of a resource of a particular type or for a particular purpose.Example: “the publisher” of the book, the “format” of an electronic file, or extension file *Element set defines the structure and semantics of a group of a elements. A metadata element set is sometimes referred to as a metadata term or together with the element it refines in applications

METADATA SCHEMA BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES

elements elementselements elements

elementselements elements METADATA RECORD

<title>Metadata HomePage</title><creator> Joe Williams</creator>

<publisher>metadata.com</publisher><url>http://www.metadata.com/index.html</url>

contains guides creation of

structures

guides design of

defines the meaning of data

Learning Object Metadata-IEEE

Metadata for educational resources Learning Object (LO) is any digital resource that can be reused to support learning Learning Object Repository (LOR) is any collection of resources that are accessible via a network without prior knowledge of the structure of the collection Reusability is the extent to which LO can operate effectively for a variety of users in a variety of digital environments and a variety of educational contexts over time. LO reusability is affected by technical, pedagogic and social factors applying to both initial development and subsequent reuse

Metadata Needs for Educational Resources

Resources used in teaching and learning need to be described with education-specific attributes (Dublin Core Education Community,2007) Repurposing a general resource as an educational resource (ADEPT) -> A set of knowledge bases for more than 1,000 scientific concepts ->Learning object collection(consisting app. 2,000 objects like maps, figures, videos and simulation models) ->Collection of reusable presentation materials such as courseware for lectures Provision of shortcuts to determine usage appropriateess of educational materials

Purpose of IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee(LTSC)

To enable learners or instructors to search, evaluate, acquire and utilize Learning Objects

To enable the sharing and exchange of Learning Objects across any technology supported learning systems

To enable the development of Learning Objects in units that can be combined and decomposed in meaningful ways

To enable computer agents to automatically and dynamically compose personalized lessons for an individual learner

To compliment the direct work on standards that are focussed on enabling multiple learning Learning Objects to work together within an open distributed learning environment

Categories to represent LOM

->GENERAL: Elements include identifier,title,language,description,keyword,structure,coverage and aggregation level. Matches with elements contained in Dublin Core

->LIFE CYCLE: Contains version,status and contribute(includes role,entity and date)

->META-METADATA: Reuses “contribute” element construction from Lifecycle in slightly modified form, allowing for the attribution of creation and validation of metadata record

->RIGHTS: Uses elements of cost, copyright,digital rights expression

->RELATION: Identifies possible relations of a resource to other resources. Resource being a combination of identifier and description

->ANNOTATION: Employs only four elements to “enable educators to share their assessments, suggestions” and other “comments on the educational use of learning object

->TECHNICAL: Indicated format,sizeand other “objective”characteristics of the learning object. Provides a “requirements” element construction that allows for the formulation of machine readable statements about specific technical supports needed for the use of the object

->EDUCATIONAL: focuses on “subjective” characteristics of the object, indicating audience attributes such as age, institutional context, role

->CLASIIFICATION:Provides intricately structured elements (taxon source, taxon path, taxon identifier, taxon entry etc

Applications of LOM

-> CanCore: focusses on semantics and interpretation and interpretation rather than technical matters.

Guidelines emphasize refinement and explication rather than customization or modification developed to meet the needs of broad range of communities

Gateway to Educational Materials (GEM) 2.0

->Metadata scheme which includes the element “pedagogy” which has been changed into “Instructional Methods” in GEM 2.0

->GEM v 2.0 is fully integrated with Dublin Core element sets and qualifiers that are now included in DC Metadata TERMS

The elements requireed for handing educational materials are Cataloging, Essential resources, Standards, Pedagogy, DurationGEM elements have qualifiers and provide detailed explanation of all elements, RDF and XML tagging examples and series of controlled vocabularies to be used for GEM value spaces

REFERENCES:1.http://www.niso.org/publications/press/UnderstandingMetadata.pdf2.http://ltsc.ieee.org/wg12/3.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_management_systems4.http://www.imsglobal.org/metadata/5,Metadata by Marcia Lei and Jian Qin6. Metadata in Practise by Diana I.Hillman and Elaine.L.Westbrooks