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LEARNING OBJECTIVES:-

●WHAT ARE LANDFORMS? ●IMPORTANCE OF EACH LANDFORM ●DIFFERENT KINDS OF LANDFORM

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MAJOR LANDFORMS:

Mountains, hills, plateaus, and plains are the four

major types of landforms. Minor landforms include

buttes, canyons, valleys, and basins. Tectonic

plate movement under the Earth can create

landforms by pushing up mountains and hills.

֍MOUNTAINS:

A mountain is a large landform that rises above the

surrounding land in a limited area, usually in the

form of a peak. A mountain is generally considered

to be steeper than a hill. Mountains are formed

through tectonic forces or volcanism. These forces

can locally raise the surface of the Earth.

֍PLATEAU:

Plateau, extensive area of flat upland usually

bounded by an escarpment (i.e., steep slope) on all

sides but sometimes enclosed by mountains. The

essential criteria for plateaus are low relative

relief and some altitude.

DID YOU KNOW?

VOLCANOES ALSO ADD NUTRIENTS TO SOIL,

CREATING PERFECT CONDITIONS FOR MANY

CROPS.

֍PLAINS:

A plain is a flat, sweeping landmass that generally

does not change much in elevation. Plains occur as

lowlands along valleys or on the doorsteps

of mountains, as coastal plains, and as plateaus or

uplands.

֍DESERTS:

A desert is a landscape form or region that

receives very little precipitation.

Generally deserts are defined as areas that receive

an average annual precipitation of less than 250

mm.

֍RIVERS:

A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually

freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or

another river. In some cases a river flows into the

ground and becomes dry at the end of its course

without reaching another body of water.

֍OCEANS:

An ocean is a body of water that composes much

of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean is

one of the major conventional divisions of the

World Ocean. These are, in descending order by

area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and

Arctic Oceans.

DID YOU KNOW? MAUNA KEA IS THE TALLEST SEA

MOUNTAIN IN THE WORLD.

֍SEA:

The salt waters that cover the greater part of the

earth's surface. a division of these waters, of

considerable extent, more or less definitely

marked off by land boundaries.

֍LAKES:

A lake is an area filled with water, localized in

a basin, surrounded by land, apart from any river or

other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_(geology)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River

TEXTUAL EXERCISES {PG NO. 51}

[A] ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

Q1 What are landforms?

ANS: Land forms are natural formations that often

form the borders between countries, states or

provinces.

Q2 How are mountains important to us?

ANS: 1] Mountains are rich in mineral resources.

2] Mountains form a natural barrier against hot and

cold winds.

Q3 Define the term plateaus.

ANS: A plateau is like a mountain with a flat top.

Plateaus are also called table land because of their

shape. It is a flat land with steep slopes.

Q4 What are plains? Name two types of plains.

ANS: Plains are flat grassy areas. Two types of

plains are:

1) Coastal plain

2) Interior plain

O5 What are seas?

ANS: Sea is a large body of salt water surrounded

in whole or in parts by land.

Q6 How are lakes important to us?

ANS: Lakes are very important to us in many ways:

1) It helps in generating electricity. Water from

lake is used in houses, industries and agriculture.

2) Lakes are very important for fishing industries.

[B] FILL IN THE BLANKS:-

1. Conical

2. Ranges

3. Tableland

4. Highest

5. Desert

6. Salt water

7. Oceans

EXTRA NOTES

1. Mountains like Aravalli are low and have round

peaks.

2. Mountain ranges are generally located near the

border of continents.

3. The mountain ranges of North America are

called Rocky mountain range.

4. The mountain ranges of South America are

called Andes Mountains.

5. The mountain ranges of Europe are called Alps

mountain ranges.

6. Volcanoes add nutrients to soil and helps for

growth of crops.

7. A volcano is a mountain which has a crater from

which lava and gases erupt.

8. Mauna Loa is a largest active volcano of the

world.

9. Jog Falls is the highest waterfalls found in

Karnataka.

10. Grand Canyon in Colorado in USA is a famous

canyon.

11. A tributary is a small river that joins a big river.

12. The area where a river runs into a sea or ocean

is called estuary.

13. Growth of coral reefs leads to the development

of lagoons.

14. Sundarbans is the famous delta formed by river

Ganga.

15. Sea is a store house of minerals.

16. By constructing dams artificial lakes can be

created.

17. Oceans produce more than half of the oxygen

in the atmosphere.