learning outcomes intersection design …...video microwave radar infrared grand prairie, alberta...

Intersection Treatments

C1

Module C

INTERSECTION DESIGN TREATMENTS

Designing for Bicyclist SafetyModule C

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Understand intersection design options and features

Select appropriate design feature for a bikeway in a given context

KEY SAFETY FACTORS

Speed Number of lanes Visibility Traffic volume & composition Conflict points Proximity Bike control Connectivity

Designing for Bicyclist Safety

SHARED-USE PATH CROSSINGS

SIDE-STREET CROSSINGS MID-BLOCK CROSSING DESIGN PROCESS

Geometric alignment & terrain considerations

Roadway characteristics (lane, speed, volumes)

Evaluate sight triangles

Determine which leg has priority

Assess potential crossing treatments


C2

Module C

SIGHT TRIANGLES PATH YIELDS TO ROADWAY

ROAD YIELDS TO PATHWAY

Crossing Countermeasures Advance warning signs Advance yield/stop line Raised island/crossing RRFB/PHB

BIKE “HAWK” PHB First installation Tucson, AZ “BIKES WAIT”/”BIKES OK”


C3

Module C

Normal PHB with Bike Facilities and R9-5 for cyclists to use pedestrian signals

BIKEHAWK AT PHB CROSSINGS BIKE TOUR

Where were you comfortable? What made you uncomfortable? What bikeway features worked? What bikeway features could be improved?


INTERSECTION DESIGN

INTERSECTION DESIGN PRINCIPLES

Reduce speed Minimize exposure to conflicts Communicate right-of-way priority Provide adequate sight distance

INTERSECTION CONFLICTS

Typical conflicts for both pedestrians and motorists, plus:Right-turn/thru

movementWeaving to left turn

Albuquerque, New Mexico


C4

Module C

Albuquerque, New Mexico

RIGHT-TURN/THRU CONFLICT

LEFT-TURN CONFLICT

Madison, Wisconsin

RIGHT-TURN COUNTERMEASURES

SHOULDER RIDING AT INTERSECTION

Shoulder not a travel lane Modify shoulder striping Opportunity to switch to shared lanes OR Add bike lane thru intersection


C5

Module C

SHOULDER STRIPING INTERSECTION WITH SHARED LANES

Additional/all lanes are shared at intersection

BIKE LANE THRU INTERSECTION BIKE LANE THRU INTERSECTION

HIGHLIGHT CONFLICT ZONE


C6

Module C

HIGHLIGHT CONFLICT ZONE BIKE LANE THRU INTERSECTION

BIKE LANE THRU INTERSECTION BIKE LANE THRU INTERSECTION

SHARROW W/ GREEN BACKGROUND IS THIS CONSISTENT WITH MUTCD?


C7

Module C

IS THIS CONSISTENT WITH MUTCD? RIGHT TURN SHARED LANE

RIGHT-TURN SHARED LANE

Madison, Wisconsin

INTERCHANGE RAMPS

Recommended Design Guidelines to Accommodate Pedestrians and Bicycles at Interchanges

ITE 2016

(#)

GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR PEDESTRIANS

Ramp geometry Locate crosswalk

Best visibilityBefore accelerate

Crosswalk short w/out excessive deviation

Widen sidewalks shared with bicyclists

(#)


C8

Module C

GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR BICYCLISTS

Buffer where bicyclists are between moving vehicles more than 200 ft

Provide bike “exit” option ahead of on-ramps Define a weaving area

(#)

LEFT-TURN COUNTERMEASURES

TWO-STAGE LEFT TURN BOX TWO-STAGE LEFT-TURN QUEUE BOX

Required design elements include:Bicycle symbol Turn or through arrow Turn on red prohibition Passive detection of bicycles

Size to prevent conflicts

BIKE BOX BIKE BOX

Reduced conflicts between bicyclists and turning vehicles

Reduced avoidance maneuvers Reduced encroachment into crosswalks Use clearly understood by motorists and

bicyclists


C9

Module C

BIKE BOX

Required elements: Advance stop line at 10’ Bike symbol in the box RTOR prohibited Setback from crosswalk 50 feet of bike lane on approach STOP HERE ON RED (R10-6/R10-6a) with EXCEPT

BICYCLE text plaque Countdown ped signal if box crosses multiple lanes Yellow change & red clearance

Green pavement is optional

BIKE BOX

BIKE BOX


TRANSITIONS

CONSIDERATIONS

What happens at termini? What happens when bicycle facility type

changes? Have you stranded or created a barrier to the

less confident user? How many stops will bicyclist have to make to

traverse transition?

into a two-way separated bike lane

EXAMPLE TRANSITIONS


C10

Module C

into a conventional bike lane

EXAMPLE TRANSITIONS TRANSITION AT TERMINI

San Juan, PR

SHARED-USE CROSSING

San Juan, PR

ACCESS TO/FROM SIDE STREET


Atlanta, GA


Atlanta, GA


C11

Module C


Atlanta, GA

STEEP GRADE TO INTERSECTION

Atlanta, GA

STEEP GRADE TO INTERSECTION

Atlanta, GA


SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS

SAFER SIGNALS FOR BICYCLISTS

Bikes start-up and travel slower than carsDifferentiating bike detection to optimize signals Set initial and gap times to accommodate bikes

Leading Bike Interval Segregate Conflicting

Movements

BICYCLE SIGNAL FACE

Application for: Bicyclist non-compliance Provide a leading or lagging bicycle

interval Continue the bicycle lane on the right-

hand side of an exclusive turn lane Augment the design of a segregated

counter-flow Unusual or unexpected arrangements

of the bicycle movement through complex intersections, conflict areas, or signal control.


C12

Module C

BICYCLE DETECTION

Buttons Loops Video Microwave Radar Infrared

Grand Prairie, Alberta

PUSH BUTTONS

LOOP DETECTION

Portland, OR

PASSIVE DETECTION

5-71

MUTCD standard for signal loop marking for bicyclists

(Section 9C.05)Designing for Bicyclist Safety

BICYCLISTS AT ROUNDABOUTS


C13

Module C

MAKING ROUNDABOUTS WORK

Slow speedsDeflection Truck apronNO BIKE LANES

Simple Single laneNO BIKE LANES

Splitter islands Escape ramps

Bike Walk Encinitas

Bike lane ends at splitter island

Bend, Oregon

Bend, Oregon

Slower speeds and fewer conflict pointsBend, Oregon

Slower speeds and fewer conflict points

Bend, Oregon

Bike lane begins

Bend, Oregon

Escape ramp


C14

Module C

BIKEWAY MARKINGS AT ROUNDABOUTS “PROTECTED” INTERSECTIONS

photo source: People for Bikesphoto source: Google

Austin, TX Davis, CA

Salt Lake City, UT Chicago, IL

photo source: Streetsblogphoto source: WBUR

“PROTECTED” INTERSECTIONS

motorist’s view at conventional bike lane

motorist’s view at separated bike lane

VISIBILITY AT CONFLICT POINTS

photo source: Jonathan Maus

protected intersection conventional bike lane

VISIBILITY AT CONFLICT POINTS

1 2

3

4

Corner refuge island1

2

3

4

Motorist yield zone

Pedestrian crossing island

Forward bicycle queuing area

5

6

Pedestrian crossing of separated bike lane

Pedestrian curb ramp5

6

PROTECTED INTERSECTIONS


C15

Module C

Vehicular turning design speed

Minimum approach clear

space

<10 mph 20’

10 mph 40’

15 mph 50’

20 mph 60’approach

clear space

APPROACH CLEAR SPACE

• Maximum taper 3:1

• Bend-out preferred (motorist yield zone, bus stops, pedestrian refuge area, loading and parking)

• Separation increases sight distance

• Corner island affects motorist yield zone

bend-inbend-out

DEFLECTION

• Design for ≤10 mph vehicle turns

• Mountable truck apron

• 3” max.

• Visually distinct

• Large radii reduces bicycle, pedestrian queuing areas

SLOW RIGHT TURNING SPEEDS ADA ISSUES

PROWAG was written over 15 years ago Still a “draft” but widely used and enforceable Did not consider SBL’s Must be interpreted

NO EASY ANSWERS

Signal Phasing Overview

time separation from motor vehiclesnone full

Concurrent bike phase with concurrent permissive vehicle turns1

2

3

4

Concurrent protected bike phaseProtected bike phase

Concurrent bike phase with leading interval

1 2 3 4

Concurrent Bike Phasewith Concurrent Permissive Vehicle Turns

2

showing phase

1 2


C16

Module C

Concurrent Bike Phase with Leading Interval

4

showing phase

1 2 3 4

Concurrent Protected Bike Phase

1 2 3

showing phase

3

Concurrent Protected Bike Phase

1 2 3 4

showing phase

4

Protected Bike Phase

3

showing phase

1 2 3

Protected Bike Phase

4

showing phase

1 2 3 4

No Turn on Red Restrictions

Consider at:

• Two-stage queue box

• Two-way SBL

• Contra-flow SBL

• Protected bike phase

• Protected right turn

• Leading bike phase

• Bike boxes


C17

Module C

Signal Head Positioning

1

2

3

4

Bike signal (near side)1

2

3

4

Pedestrian signalVehicle signal

Bike signal (far side)

Signal Positioning

one-way SBL two-way SBL

Bicycle Detection

• Actuated signals

• Bicycle minimum green

• Protected bicycle phases

100’ for advanced detection

typical locations


SUMMARY THOUGHTS

CHICAGO, IL CHICAGO, IL


C18

Module C

CHICAGO, IL

learning outcomes intersection design …...video microwave radar infrared grand prairie, alberta...

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