learning outcomes & staff development dr lorraine walsh, university of dundee...
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Learning Outcomes & Staff Development
Dr Lorraine Walsh, University of [email protected] Stakeholder Conference21-22 February 2008Heriot Watt University
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Workshop Aims
To consider and discuss:
staff development issues in relation to the development and application of learning outcomes at tertiary level
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Workshop Learning Outcomes
At the end of this session you should be more able to:
discuss the role of learning outcomes in programme design, development & review
identify staff development issues in relation to working with learning outcomes
reflect on the types of outcome for which a university might aim.
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Learning Outcomes
Central to credit framework developments
Form an ‘educational currency’
Contribute to better information, greater clarity and improved transparency for all stakeholders
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The Role of Learning Outcomes in Planning Courses of Study
Outcomes-based approach (learner centred) versus content-based approach (teacher centred)
Provides a common format for the description and comparison of disparate forms of learning
Can encourage the development of more innovative forms of assessment
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The Aligned Curriculum
Define the learning outcomes What do we want learners to be
able to do? Select appropriate assessment
methodologies Select teaching & learning activities
to support learners’ achievement of the learning outcomes
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Curriculum Development - Process
Evaluation
Develop learning outcomes
Student engagement with the
learning materials Student learning is assessed
Teaching & learning activities
Assessment activities
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Tools to Use in Creating Learning Outcomes
Subject Benchmarking http://www.qaa.ac.uk/academicinfrastructure/benchmark/default.asp
SCQF http://www.scqf.org.uk/index.asp
Bloom’s Taxonomy http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/bloomtax.htm
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Curriculum Planning
Evaluation
Outcomes-based curriculum design
Curriculum Student engagement
SCQF – level of course of study
Bloom’s Taxonomy – level of learning outcomes
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Subject Benchmarking
Statements set out expectations for subject areas
Attributes, skills and capabilities
Written by academics and specialists – owned by the sector
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SCQF
Defines the level of the learning outcomes from level 2 (Access2) to level 12 (doctorate)
Generic statements describing the characteristics and context of learning expected at each level
Five areas within each level: knowledge & understanding; practice; generic cognitive skills; communication, ICT & numeracy: autonomy, accountability & working with others
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SCQF
Defines the volume of the learning outcomes (in credit points) related to the amount of time that an average learner might take to complete them
Notional student effort (NSE)
10 hours NSE = 1 credit
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For example …
Pg Certificate in Teaching in Higher Education programme at Dundee
Master’s level (level 11 on the SCQF)
60 credit programme (comprised of three 20 credit modules)
NSE = 600 hours overall/200 per module (learning, teaching & assessment activities)
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Blooms’ Taxonomy
Classifies thought processes in the cognitive, affective & psychomotor domains at different levels
Moves from low level, shallow learning to deeper level, advanced learning
Six areas/levels: Knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation
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Bloom’s Taxonomy
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Writing Learning Outcomes
Bloom’s taxonomy provides a guide to writing learning outcomes
What learners should be able to do more effectively at the end of the period of study
Must be written in language which can be understood by the learners
Must include an action verb
Should be SMART
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For example …
A learning outcome which relates to Bloom’s ‘knowledge’ area of the cognitive domain could be:
At the end of this module you should be more able to describe the experiences of workers in the jute mills of 19th C Dundee.
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For example …
A learning outcome which relates to Bloom’s ‘analysis’ area of the cognitive domain could be:
At the end of this module you should be more able to compare and contrast the experiences of male & female employees in the jute mills of 19th C Dundee.
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The Role of Learning Outcomes in Validation & Review
Maintains standard of delivery across several cohorts
To evaluate the appropriateness of the curriculum – scope, level etc.
Ensure that course/module complies with standards
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Programme/Module Specifications
Concise description of the intended learning outcomes for a specific course of study and the means by which they are achieved and demonstrated
Foundation for quality assurance for all stakeholders
Allow courses of study to be related to the national qualifications framework
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Learning Outcomes for which a University Might Aim
Linked to:
Subject specialisms eg PSBs
Employability profiles http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/ourwork/learning/employability/disciplines
Specific foci of individual institutions eg professionalism & employability at Dundee
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Issues for Staff
What’s the difference between ‘objectives’ and ‘outcomes’
How many learning outcomes are enough?
Do we assess all learning outcomes?
What do they look like?
Does an outcomes-based approach too narrowly define student learning?
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Varieties of Learning Outcome
Intended learning outcomes – linked to credit, must be achieved and will be assessed
Emergent learning outcomes – linked to personal learning, may or may not emerge, unanticipated and learner-specific
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Engaging staff
Move from subject/content focus (teacher-centered) to outcome/learning focus (learner-centred)
Can be used to structure any teaching input
Can be used to evaluate teaching
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References
ATHERTON J S (2005) Learning and Teaching: Bloom's taxonomy [On-line] UK: Available: http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/bloomtax.htm Accessed: 19 February 2008
SCQF Handbook (2007)