learning package 1: disaster risk disaster resilience in the built environment dr richard haigh...
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Learning Package 1:
Disaster Risk
Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment
Dr Richard Haigh
Disaster Risk
By Dr Richard Haigh – licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution – Non-Commercial – Share Alike License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/
© Centre for Disaster Resilience, University of Salford
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Disaster Resilience in the Built EnvironmentLearning Package 1: Disaster Risk
Dr Richard Haigh
Learning Package 1:
Disaster Risk
Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment
Dr Richard Haigh
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Introduction
• In this learning package you will:– Work to define what the term disaster
means – Learn more about disaster risk and its
relationship to hazard and vulnerability– Learn about the underlying causes of
vulnerability, with reference to recent disasters
– Check what you have learned so far with reflective exercises
Learning Package 1:
Disaster Risk
Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment
Dr Richard Haigh
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Origins and causes
Learning Package 1:
Disaster Risk
Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment
Dr Richard Haigh
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Learning Package 1:
Disaster Risk
Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment
Dr Richard Haigh
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Learning Package 1:
Disaster Risk
Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment
Dr Richard Haigh
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Learning Package 1:
Disaster Risk
Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment
Dr Richard Haigh
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Taking the naturalness out of natural disasters
Westgate and O’Keefe, 1976
“nature makes volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides, floods and windstorms, but humans are responsible for the deaths”
Piton de la FournaiseLa Reunion Island, 2004
Learning Package 1:
Disaster Risk
Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment
Dr Richard Haigh
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Impact
disaster
need to proactively consider disaster risk and increase the resilience of all communities as a part of the sustainable development agenda
geo- and hydro-meteorological
hazards
climate change conflict
technical
loss of life economic losses
destruction of built environment
con
seq
uen
ces
ori
gin
s an
d c
ause
s
destruction of natural environment
disrupted institutions disrupted
livelihoods
Learning Package 1:
Disaster Risk
Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment
Dr Richard Haigh
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Risks and hazards
Risks from coastal hazards as a function of hazard frequency and severity
Learning Package 1:
Disaster Risk
Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment
Dr Richard Haigh
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Risks and hazards
Community vulnerability as a function of the degree of exposure and the capacity to address hazard risks
Learning Package 1:
Disaster Risk
Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment
Dr Richard Haigh
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Risks and hazards
Risk = Hazard (frequency and severity)
x Vulnerability (Exposure/Capacity)
Learning Package 1:
Disaster Risk
Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment
Dr Richard Haigh
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Who is most at risk?
• Densely populated urban areas or remote, small communities
• Communities in developing or developed economies
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Disaster Risk
Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment
Dr Richard Haigh
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Example: vulnerability to earthquake hazards
• Several key factors contribute to vulnerability of human populations:– Location of settlements in seismic areas, especially
on poorly consolidated soils, on ground prone to landslides or along fault lines
– Building structures, such as homes, bridges, dams, which are not resistant to ground motion
– Unreinforced masonry buildings with heavy roofs are more vulnerable than lightweight wood framed structures
– Dense groupings of buildings with high occupancy– Lack of access to information about earthquake risks
Learning Package 1:
Disaster Risk
Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment
Dr Richard Haigh
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Example: vulnerability to earthquake hazards
• Four elements contributing to risk: – hazards (physical effects generated in the naturally
occurring event)– location of the hazards relative to the community at risk, – exposure (the value and importance of the various types of
structures and lifeline systems in the community serving the populace)
– vulnerability of the exposed structures and systems to the hazards expected to affect them during their useful life
Learning Package 1:
Disaster Risk
Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment
Dr Richard Haigh
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Consequences of ignoring hazards in construction
• World Bank financed the construction of 487 schools
• Local building practices
• Floods later damaged or destroyed 500 primary schools and seven secondary schools
Learning Package 1:
Disaster Risk
Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment
Dr Richard Haigh
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Consequences of ignoring hazards in construction
• Construction of a deep-seawater port in Woodbridge Bay, Dominica
• Port structures and facilities were severely damaged by Hurricane David
• Repair costs amounted to 41 per cent of the port’s construction costs
Learning Package 1:
Disaster Risk
Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment
Dr Richard Haigh
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Other learning material
• Reading material• Reading list• Scenario• Case study• Activity