learning theories cognitive psychology

7/29/2019 Learning Theories Cognitive Psychology

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http://www.alicebot.org/
http://www.alicebot.org/


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.

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(1/2)

(behaviorism)

Pavlov, Skinner, Crowder, Gagn

(cognitive psychology)

Newell, Simon, Anderson

(constructivism)

Piaget, Papert, Bruner

(sociocultural) (historicocultural) . Vygotsky, Luria,Leontiev, Bruner

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(2/2)

(Skinner)

(Piaget)

(Crowder)

Papert (constructionism)

Vygotsky

(Gagn)

(Bruner)

(situated cognition)

(

)

(distributed

cognition)

(Varela, Maturana)

( Vygotsky,

)


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:

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= ;

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(representations)

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( )

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;


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,

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( )

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(declarative knowledge),

( )

(procedural knowledge)

( )

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,

:

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:

20

, Alan Turing

, ,

.

Alan Turing

(Artificial Intelligence).

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vdeo


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(1/2)

(, ;)

(intelligence): , ( Larousse)

=

IQ tests (Intelligence Quotient)

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(2/2): Bloom:

=

- Binet ( ) ;

( , , )

:

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- .

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( 5-11 ) (1/2)

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( 5-11 ) (2/2)

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;

Turing:

.

,

. 23/46


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TN

,

"" .

-

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T N,

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Alan Turing

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5 : 1.

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2. ( )

3. ,

4.

5.


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(

)

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.

,

.


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(expert systems)

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(E)

(expert systems)

(E)

:

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( ) 3 :

1. (knowledge base)

2.

3. (inference engine)

4.

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:

.

1. ( )

2. " "

: .. ( MYCIN)

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( MYCIN)

1.

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( p>0.7)

(($ET (MEME CNTXT

GRAM GRAM+)

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MYCIN

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" ", .

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(E)(Intelligent Tutoring System)

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( )

(production rules), (frames),

(semantic networks),

(scripts)

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(interface) ( )

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)

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1. (forward chaining)

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(1/2)

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(2/2)

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)

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Kismet. Watch a movie about emotional robot by C. Breazeal.

Start@AIlab, MIT - natural question answering.

UMN tiny robo-scouts.

BabelFish translation.

Hajime Kimura Learning to walk from reinforcement.

Modular Robotics@PARC

Elisa and Turing test.

TELLME 800-555-TELL voice dialog systems for Stock Quotes,Movies and Travel.

Spoken Language@MIT (Victor Zue) 1-877-MIT-TALK

ChatterBox challenge.

Autonomous driving: No hands across USA. The Golem Project.

Deep Blue Wins vs Kasparov.

CMURobots History in 20th century.

http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~pesha/AmazIng.html

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http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-robotics-group/kismet/kismet.htmlhttp://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/infolab/http://distrob.cs.umn.edu/demos.phphttp://babelfish.altavista.com/translate.dynhttp://www.fe.dis.titech.ac.jp/~gen/RealRobots/RealRobots.htmlhttp://www2.parc.com/spl/projects/modrobotshttp://www-ai.ijs.si/eliza/eliza.htmlhttp://www.1-800-555-tell.com/http://www.sls.lcs.mit.edu/sls/about/demo.shtmlhttp://www.chatterboxchallenge.com/http://www.ri.cmu.edu/projects/project_178.htmlhttp://demo.cs.brandeis.edu/golem/index.htmlhttp://www.research.ibm.com/deepblue/http://www.aaai.org/AITopics/html/robots.html%3ERobots%20Page%3C/a%3E@%20AAAI%3Cbr%3E%3Cli%3E%20%3Ca%20href=http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~pesha/AmazIng.htmlhttp://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~pesha/AmazIng.htmlhttp://www.aaai.org/AITopics/html/robots.html%3ERobots%20Page%3C/a%3E@%20AAAI%3Cbr%3E%3Cli%3E%20%3Ca%20href=http://www.research.ibm.com/deepblue/http://demo.cs.brandeis.edu/golem/index.htmlhttp://www.ri.cmu.edu/projects/project_178.htmlhttp://www.chatterboxchallenge.com/http://www.sls.lcs.mit.edu/sls/about/demo.shtmlhttp://www.1-800-555-tell.com/http://www-ai.ijs.si/eliza/eliza.htmlhttp://www2.parc.com/spl/projects/modrobotshttp://www.fe.dis.titech.ac.jp/~gen/RealRobots/RealRobots.htmlhttp://babelfish.altavista.com/translate.dynhttp://distrob.cs.umn.edu/demos.phphttp://distrob.cs.umn.edu/demos.phphttp://distrob.cs.umn.edu/demos.phphttp://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/infolab/http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-robotics-group/kismet/kismet.html


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GUIDON MYCIN( )

Lisp Tutor Lisp

Proust Pascal

Aplusix

SHERLOCK (object oriented, US Air

Force):

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