Learning Theories

Cognitive Vs. Behavioral Natalie CavazosInstructional Design Project 2

William G. Perry

William G. PerryCognitive Theorist (1913-

1998)

Educational Psychologist

Taught education at Harvard University

Founder of Harvard’s Bureau of Study Council

Perry’s Contributions

1935-1940- Assistant Dean at Williams College

1947- Perry founded the Bureau of Study Council

1950- Along with Alston Hurd Chase translated Homer’s “Iliad”

1970- Wrote “Forms of Intellectual and Ethical Development in the College Years”

Perry’s Theory

Perry wrote a scheme that is a model for understanding how college students come to understand knowledge, the ideas they know about ‘knowing’ and the ways thinking and knowing is part of a cognitive process.

There are nine stages that they pass through, some are

The authorities know

the true authorities are right, the others are frauds

Everything is relevant but not equally valid

You make your own decisions

Ivan Pavlov

Ivan PavlovBehavioral Theorist

(1849-1936)

Received a degree for Natural Sciences from the University of St. Petersburg

Professor of Pharmacology at Medical Military Academy

Is famous for the conditioned reflex and classical conditioning

Pavlov’s Contributions

1875- Graduated from the University of St. Petersburg

1879- Graduated from the Medical Military Academy

1897- Published lectures of the digestive glands

1904- Received the Nobel Peace Prize for his research of the digestive glands

1935- Government built a laboratory for Pavlov for his work on conditioned reflexes

Pavlov’s Theory

Classical Conditioning is a form of learning in which a conditioned stimulus signals the occurrence of another unconditioned stimulus.

The unconditioned stimulus is usually a significant stimulus such as food or pain, something that gives a response from the start.

The stimuli in a classroom would be the grade, either reward or punishment.

Perry’s theory on adult learning

Perry did a study of college students which is used to understand a students cognitive processes which includes both ethical and intellectually development.

Perry believed we all view the world differently due to factors such as gender, religion, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.

In some cases students may resist to learn content that challenges their beliefs, or they may argue that their answers are just as valid as the teachers.

Pavlov’s theory on adult learning

Teachers are applying classical conditioning in their classrooms by providing with them with a positive classroom environment.

If they pair a anxiety- provoking situation, like public speaking, in a pleasant classroom environment they can make a new association of public speaking as a positive experience and keep them relaxed and calm

Summary: Application of learning theories on Adult

EducationPerry’s theory is used in many Universities.

Ex: Professors know how to come across teaching students in the different stages of their mentality.

Pavlov’s theory is used in all types of classrooms.

Ex: Teachers help students through Pavlov’s theory in the classroom by providing a positive environment in stressful situations. This helps the students associate the negative situation with a positive experience.

Works Cited-Learning and Conditioning.(n.d.). AlleyDog.com-Psychology students’ bestfriend. Retrieved October 15, 2013, from http://alleydog.com/topics/learning_and_behavior.php#.UI146mRUMVI

-Classical Conditioning. Education.com. (n.d.). Education.com. An Education & Child Development Site for Parents. Parenting & Educational Resource. Retrieved October 12, 2013, fromhttp://www.education.com/reference/article/classical-conditioning/

-A View of Cognitive Approaches to Learning Development- DE Oracle. (n.d.). DE Oracle. Retrieved October 14, 2013 from http://deoracle.org/online-pedagogy/teaching-strategies/cognitive-approaches-to.html

William G. Perry – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n.d.). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved October 8, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_G._Perry