Learning through Practice: Recall and RepetitionCatherine B. BalandoBS Psychology III-AUniversity of Rizal System-Taytay

AbstractThis study will show the importance of learning process in memorizing or encoding information. It also explain how the law of exercise help us in learning and gaining knowledge, that practicing, recall and repetition of an information can lead to improvement in recognition of information and retain it for much longer of time. The Undergraduate Student were tested to measure how learning process through practicing can lead to better recognition of the words that I presented to him. To measure if he could create false memory in recognition even though the words that the participant created did not exist. Suggesting that practicing can help us to be better in encoding information.

Introduction

Learning has a process. We cannot learn in a single session and we cannot memorize an information in one process only. But how can we gain or memorize an information? What are the applicable process of it? Some researchers say exercising is one of the key in memorizing an information. Does exercising or practicing is effective? Educational psychologists and pedagogues have identified several principles of learning that is applicable to the learning process. The principles have tested, discovered and use in practical situations. Edward thorndike provide additional insight into what makes people learn most effectively. He developed the first three laws of learning, one of that laws was law of exercise that stated that the things most often repeated are best remembered, that is through practicing. It also have been proven that when the students have meaningful practice and repetition they will learn best and the information retain longer. The practice leads to improvement when its followed by positive feedback. A complex task that applied in a single session doesnt result in learning. We can learn by applying what we have heard or what they have told to us and shown. When practice occurs, learning continues and that include recall, review and summary. Repeating information and practicing serve us to create learning habits. In the result of our experiment we can see that learning process that I applied is effective because the participant had a great result and performance in recognizing the words, the participant have a review of what he heard through recalling the words.

Methods

Subject: The participant was a first year college student in University of Rizal system in Taytay Campus. He Taking up Educational course. Materials: In writing down the presented words and list of words that the participant recalled, I used ballpen and write it all down in a bond paper.Procedure: Before I proceed in my experiment I inform my participant about the experiment that I will conduct to him and explained what he would do. I started it in pronouncing the words in Set A, list 1 and I instructed him to recall the last five words that I pronounced then to recall all the words in any order. After that, I gave him the list of list one in a paper and I explained to him to rate all the words from 1 to 4. Where 4 means that the participant is sure that the word was pronounced, 3 means probably sure that is pronounced, 2 means the word is probably new and 1 means the word is sure new. The procedure from list 2 to 3 in Set A and list 1 to 3 in Set B was almost the same with the procedure in the first one, the difference is in Set B, before the participant recalled the words a gave him a 3 math problems in each List.Place: The experiment was happened in University of Rizal System covered court.Result The result showed that the participant had a good performance in recognition of words because of recalling the words twice that can be considered as practice. According to some research, learning process should not take in a single session, we should practice it through repetition to make us remember those information. As the participant did, he had a meaningful practice thats why he had a higher accuracy in recognition of words. Even though the participant created some errors or false memory that does not exist in the presented words, it does not matter because he still recognize most of the words that I presented to him resulted from learning process involving recall and repetition or practicing.Set A Total number of items each list: 52Set B Total number of items each list: 52Set A

List 1List 2List 3

Rate:No. of items:Total of items:Rate:No. of items:Total of items:Rate:No. of items:Total of items:

493649364728

326313300

224212248

100111122

Total: 46=88.46%Total: 42=80.77%Total: 38=73.08%

Set B

List 1List 2List 3

Rate:No. of items:Total of items:Rate:No. of items:Total of items:Rate:No. of items:Total of items:

411444104041040

326339339

200200200

100100100

Total: 50=96.2%Total: 49=94.23%Total: 49=94.23%

Learning Through Practice: Recall and Repetition 2

This two tables shows the accuracy of the participants recognize words in Set A and Set B.Errors in Set A:Errors in Set B:

List 1: 75%List 1: 71.43%

List 2: 50%List 2: 75%

List 3: 50%List 3: 75%

This table shows the number of false memory that the participant created.

Discussion

This study or experiment goal is to determine and explain the process of learning and what are the key or steps to make the practice meaningful. The law of exercise explained that practicing and repeating information can leads to improvement and make it retain longer. Just like in our experiment the participant instructed to listen carefully to the words that I will pronounce to him. In the first part the participant get better performance in recalling and recognition of the words, but as we continue the experiment the participant performance get much better. Through recalling the words, the participant can memorize it and he had a meaningful practice through recalling and repeating the words that the participant heard and that practice can lead to a better recognition of words and help him to rate the listed words. It is also said that learning process includes recall, review and summary. As the participant recall all the words we could say that hes practicing through recalling and repeating it and the recognition part is the summary of what that the participant review or recall. Its easy for him to rate the words or recognize it because he recalled the words twice. The result of my experiment are consisted to what the researchers said or findings, that through exercise or practice we can enhance our learning process and remember the information easily and retain it for much longer of time.

Conclusion I therefore conclude that to make the student learn effectively, we should undergo the learning process or we should reorganize the information that we gain. We cant gain knowledge in a single reading or in a single glance of information. But through reviewing our notes or repeating information or what we need to study we can easily summarize all the information that we have learned. And we can gain and retain that information in a long period of time. We should also make our practice meaningful to make us improve in our learning.

References:

http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principles_of_learninghttp://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_thorndike www.drillpad.net/DP_IRL_Laws.htm