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Communication

Lecture One

Introduction to the internet concept

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Internet Concepts (چەمکی ئینتەرنێت)

Network (تۆڕ یا شبکات): is group of connected and communicated devices.

Internet: is global network of computer networks.

Protocol: is a set of rules that govern data communication.

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Internet Services

1-WWW (World Wide Web or Web): the World Wide

Web is a collection of interlinked documents on the

internet. Examples : www.facebook.com,

www.google.com, www.xendan.org

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2-Instant Messaging (IM):is a type of online

chat which offers real-time text transmission.

Examples : Yahoo Messenger, Paltak

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3-Electronic Mail (Email): is method of exchanging

digital messages from one sender to one or more

recipients. Examples : Gmail, yahoo mail, outlook.

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4-File Transfer Protocol (FTP): is a standard protocol

used to transfer computer files from one host to another

over the internet, contains two things Upload and

Download , Examples of website for uploading and

downloading files : 4shared, Torrent, Media fire

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5-IPTV(Internet Protocol Television) Examples of online televisions : Kooora online, Kurdsat live, Rudaw live

6-VOIP( Voice Over Internet Protocol) Examples : Viber, Tango , Skype

7-IR(Internet Radio) : examples : xendan radio, Rudaw radio

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Some commonly used term (هەندێک زاراوەی باو)

• URL (Uniform Resource Locators): is a text address that uniquely identifies a web page on the internet.

Example : http://www.Google.com

Protocol Service Domain name

Top- level domain

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• Hyperlink : is a piece of text, or graphic that acts like

button, clicking a hyperlink perform an action such as

moving to a different part of the same page or another

page.

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• ISP (Internet Service Provider): is a business that

supplies internet services to individuals, companies,

government organization…etc.

Examples : Newroz Telecom(Rerber), Tishknet

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• Web browser: is an application program that enables

to view individual web pages or collection of

interlinked web pages that comprise websites.

Examples Google Chrome, Firefox, Internet

Explorer

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Search Engines

A search engine is a tool designed to search for

information on the World Wide Web. The search

results are usually presented in a list.

Examples

• www.google.com

• www.yahoo.com

• www.ask.com

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RSS (Really Simple Syndication): is a family of web feed formats used to publish frequently updated works—such as news headline, audio, video.

Example : Google Reader, Freedly

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Cookies: are usually small text file, given ID

tags that are stored on your computer’s browser

directory, to keep track of your movements

within the site,

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Internet Cache: Each time you display a web site

within your web browser, a copy of the information

(both text and pictures) is saved on your hard disk.

The reason for this is that the next time you want to

re-visit the site, the information is quickly loaded

from the copy on your hard disk, rather than slowly

from the actual Internet site.

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