lecciones de derecho agrario catalano

8/19/2019 Lecciones de Derecho Agrario Catalano

1/115

CAPITULO IEL DERECHO AGRARIO. CONTENIDO. EVOLUCIÓN1. CONCEPTOS GENERALES, ALCANCE Y AUTONOMÍADEL DERECHO AGRARIOEl primer tem !"e #e$em%& trtr e' e&te ("r&% e& el (%'(ept% #el#ere()% *rri%, &" %$+et% , e' -%rm &im"lt'e, #etermi'r &i e/i&te"' rel "t%'%m0 #e e&te #ere()%, e&t% e&, "' jus proprium, #e'tr%#el #ere()% e' *e'erl. L"e*%, $%r#rem%& el m$it% e&pe(0-i(% #el #ere()%*rri% &"& rel(i%'e& (%' l%& re("r&%& 't"rle&, t%m#%& &t%&e' l m& mpli (ep(i2' #el (%'(ept%.Al*"'%& "t%re& )' !"eri#% 3er e' el #ere()% *rri% "' #i&(ipli'

+"r0#i( i'#epe'#ie'te, !"e %$e#e(e re*l& pr%pi&, %tr%&, "' &implee&pe(ili##, % &e, "' rm &epr# #el tr%'(% *e'erl #el #ere()%,!"e tie'e (r(ter0&ti(& e&pe(ile&, per% !"e &e '"tre, e' m"()%& #e &"&

&pe(t%&, -"'#me'tlme'te #el #ere()% (%m4' 5!"e e& el substractum#e t%#% el #ere()% pri3#%6 , e' %tr& #e l& mteri&, #el #ere()%#mi'i&trti3%.Se )$l, e' el primer &e'ti#%, #e "' "t%'%m0 (ie't0-i(, tm$i', pr -irmr l i'#epe'#e'(i, #e "' "t%'%m0le*i&lti3 #i#(ti(.El '%t$le *rri&t itli'%, Gi'*&t%'e 7%ll, 3er##er% (re#%r #el #ere()% *rri% #el ("l )$lrem%& m& #el'te, &%&te'0 l "t%'%m0(ie't0-i( #e e&t #i&(ipli' +"r0#i( -"'##% e' l e/i&te'(i #e"' &"erte #e )(ie'# *rri, % &e, #e l re"'i2' #e -(t%re& -%rm#

p%r el -"'#%, l%& 'imle&, ("lti3%&, m!"i'&, e'&ere& #em& $ie'e&!"e (%mp%'e' l %r*'i8(i2' #e l pr%#"((i2' &%$re l ("l (%'3er*e'l& rel(i%'e& +"r0#i(& *rri&. Pr 7%ll, l )(ie'# *r0(%l,(%'&tit"e "' "'i## t('i(%9e(%'2mi( !"e (%%r#i' l tierr, el (pitl eltr$+%. El -"'#%, e' %pi'i2' #e e&te me&tr%, +"e* "' ppel

pri'(ipl, p%r!"e &i' &" pre&e'(i el re&"lt#% e(%'2mi(% '% &er0 p%&i$le.Otr%& "t%re&, (%m% l"e*% 3erem%&, -"'#' l "t%'%m0 #e e&trm #el #ere()% e' l e/i&te'(i #e l empre& *rri, 3'8'#% &%$reel (%'(ept% #e l )(ie'#, e' "' &e'ti#% m& "'i3er&l (%mpre'&i3%,

mie'tr& !"e %tr%& l% (%'&i#er' el #ere()% #e l *ri("lt"r, e'"' &e'ti#% %$+eti3% %, &i &e !"iere, "' m'i-e&t(i2' #el #ere()% pr%-e&i%'l#el *ri("lt%r, (r(teri8#% &te p%r &" (ti3i## *r0(%l e+er(i#&%$re el -"'#%, #e&t('#%, e' e&te (&%, el &pe(t% pr%-e&i%'l &"$+eti3% #e l rel(i2'. V%l3erem%& &%$re e&te tem, l re-erir'%& l(%'te'i#% #el #ere()% *rri%.El #ere()% *rri%, e' "' &e'ti#% mpli%, p"e#e &er (r(teri8#%


2/115

(%m% el (%'+"'t% #e '%rm& #e #ere()% pri3#% #e #ere()% p4$li(%!"e re*"l l%& #ere()%& %$li*(i%'e& #e l%& &"+et%& *rri%&, e'tre &0,3i'("l#%& l%& (t%& *rri%& l pr%pie## *rri, e' &"& #i&ti't&-%rm& #e m'i-e&t(i2'.L%& &"+et%& *rri%& &%' e'te& % per&%'& #e #ere()% pri3#% e' l*"'&%(&i%'e& #e #ere()% p4$li(%, (" (ti3i## e& %$te'er #e l

Nt"rle8, tr3& #el (i(l% $i%l2*i(%, re("r&%& 3i3%&, 'imle& 3e*etle&, pr l lime't(i2' % pr &" tr'&-%rm(i2' p%r l& i'#"&tri&"&"ri&. S%' tm$i' &"+et%& *rri%& !"ie'e& (%l$%r', &i&te' %(%'tr%l' l%& (t%re& #ire(t%& e' e&t& (ti3i##e&. L& rel(i%'e& +"r0#i(&#e e&t%& &"+et%&, e'tre &0 % (%' rel(i2' l%& $ie'e& !"e pr%#"(e',% &%$re l%& ("le& (t4', !"e (%'&tit"e' l pr%pie## *rri, e' &"&#i&ti't& -%rm& % m'i-e&t(i%'e&, '% &%' #i-ere'te& #e l& !"e ri*e' e'el #ere()% (%m4' , e' l*"'%& (&%&, e' el #ere()% #mi'i&trti3%, &i'

per+"i(i% #e l*"'& '%t& (r(ter0&ti(& !"e p%&ee'. L pr%pie##*rri, (%m% (%'(ept% *e'erl e' &"& #i&ti't& -%rm& #e m'i-e&tr&e,tmp%(% e& #i-ere'te #e l pr%pie## #el #ere()% (%m4', m"e$le,i'm"e$le % &em%3ie'te, "'!"e e' %(&i%'e& &"ele te'er limit(i%'e& e'("'t% &" e+er(i(i%, "&% #i&p%&i(i2' l%& me#i%& #e pr"e$, (%m%%("rre e' e&te 4ltim% (&%, (%' l pr%pie## #el *'#%, !"e p"e#e'&er #i&ti't%&, l% ("l '% &i*'i-i( p%r &0 mi&m% l (re(i2' #e "' jus proprium, !"e &te re!"erir0 pr e/i&tir "' (%'+"'t% #e (r(tere& (%m"'e&,e' l%& $ie'e& % e' l%& (t%&, !"e #ier' -"'#me't% &"-i(ie'te l "t%'%m0. E& e3i#e'te, &i' em$r*%, !"e l (ti3i## *rri, #em& #e&er "' -"'(i2' e(%'2mi( #i&ti't #e l (ti3i## i'#"&tril (%mer(il, *%$er'# p%r el (i(l% $i%l2*i(% #iri*i# -"'#me'tlme'te l %$te'(i2' #e &ere& 3i3%&, 'imle& 3e*etle&, (%'&tit"e "'-%rm #e 3i# #e prte imp%rt'te #e l p%$l(i2' #e l%& p0&e&, &e#e&e'3"el3ee' "' m$it% #i-ere'te l #e %tr& (ti3i##e& #el )%m$re, tie'e (%''%t(i%'e& &%(ile& #i&ti't&, l& !"e )' lle3#% l le*i&l#%r #i&pe'&rle e' m"()%& p0&e& "' trtmie't% e&pe(il, mr(#me'te

pr%te(t%r, p%r!"e l%& $ie'e& !"e pr%#"(e '% &2l% &%' e&e'(ile& pr l

&"per3i3e'(i #e l )"m'i##, &i'% tm$i' p%r!"e l &%(ie## e&ti'tere&# e' &%&te'er e& -%rm #e 3i# #e l%& pri'(iple& &"+et%&i'3%l"(r#%&, l !"e &e le re(%'%(e m"()& 3e't+& re&pe(t% l& (%'(e'tr(i%'e&"r$'&, !"e )' &i#% "' te'#e'(i (%'&t'te (re(ie'te&%$re t%#% e' l% !"e 3 #el pre&e'te &i*l%. El *r%, '% %l3i#em%&, e&t(%mp"e&t% #e i'#i3i#"%&, -mili& &%(ie##e& %r*'i8#& (%mer(ilme'te,


3/115

e& "' (ti3i## e(%'2mi( pr%#"(ti3, *e'er#%r #e $ie'e& primri%&, per% !"e tie'e -"erte& impli('(i& e' l 3i# #el )%m$re, l-mili l (%m"'i##.:. EVOLUCIÓN DEL DERECHO AGRARIO.EL ACTO 7IOLÓGICO. LA EMPRESA AGRARIAAl*"'%& *rri&t& m%#er'%& re&"me' el %$+eti3% #el #ere()% *rri%,(%m% )em%& #i()%, l re*"l(i2' #e l empre& *rri, !"e(%'&tit"e "' (%'(ept% #i&ti't% #e&3i'("l#% #e l pr%pie## #e ltierr l !"e l% m't"3% li*#% l (%'(ep(i2' tr#i(i%'l l% #e-i'e',&i'tti(me'te, (%m% el #ere()% #e l empre& *rri 5t%m# &t (%m%(%'+"'t% #e -(t%re& #e&ti'#% l pr%#"((i2' #e $ie'e&6; per% #i+im%&!"e l (ti3i## *r%pe("ri '% e& &2l% e(%'2mi( &i'% "'m%#li## #e 3i# #e l p%$l(i2' l empre& *rri, (%m% (%'+"'t%#e -(t%re& (%%r#i'#%& #iri*i#%& l pr%#"((i2', e& &2l% "'% #e l%&

eleme't%& (%mp%'e'te&. L empre& *rri, (%m% e& re"'i2' #e -(t%re& pr%#"(ti3%&, e/i&te e' t%#% tip% #e *ri("lt"r, i'(l"&% e' l rte&'l -milir. El (%'(ept% #e l empre& % #el


4/115

4'i(me'te l& i'&tit"(i%'e& (re#& p%r el )%m$re pr (%mp=r e&%& pr%(e&%& (%m% &%', e'tre %tr&, l pr%pie## -"'#iri, l%& (%'trt%&*rri%&, el r*ime' #e l%& ele3#%re& #e *r'%&, #e l &'i## 'iml 3e*etl, #e l -ertili8(i2', #e l& mr(& &e=le&, #e l i'&emi'(i2'rti-i(il % #e l re-%rm *rri. De$e #i&ti'*"ir&e, e't%'(e&, l (ti3i##*rri e' &0, #e l& i'&tit"(i%'e& (re#& pr &" &"&te't% #e&rr%ll%.E&t& 4ltim&, (%'&tit"e' el %$+et% e&pe(0-i(% #el #ere()%*rri%. L%& +"ri&t& itli'%& l"()r%', (%m% $ie' &e=l el pr%-e&%r Crrer e' &" tr$+% &%$re


5/115

(%'&tit"e el (%'te'i#% l mteri pr%pi #el #ere()% *rri%,!"e -%rm "' #i&(ipli' #i&ti't, "'!"e 3i'("l#, l #ere()% #e l%&re("r&%& 't"rle&.@. LA PROESIONALIDAD AGRARIA

N% t%#& l& rel(i%'e& #e l%& &"+et%& *rri%&, e'tre &0 % (%' re-ere'(i l pr%pie## *rri, e&t' re*"l#& p%r el #ere()% *rri%. L%&&"+et%& *rri%& m'tie'e' e'tre &0 rel(i%'e& (i3ile& (%mer(ile& %r#i'ri&.L pr%-e&i%'li## *rri '% e& "' (te*%r0 !"e le& %t%r*"e"' -"er% e&pe(il, 'i tmp%(% l mteri *rri e& %$+et% #e "' (%mpete'(ie&pe(0-i(, "'!"e e' l*4' m%me't% l t"3ier%' e' '"e&tr%

p0&, pr (iert%& -i'e&, tr3& #e l& Cmr& Pritri& #e Arre'#mie't%& Apr(er0& R"rle&, &"erte #e tri$"'le& #mi'i&trti3%&, )%#e+#%& &i' e-e(t%, #e&p"& #e "' #(# #e #i&("ti# (%'&tit"(i%'li##.L rel(i2' +"r0#i( e'tre l%& &"+et%& #e$e e&tr #ire(tme'te 3i'("l#

(%' l (ti3i## *rri pr !"e !"e#e (%mpre'#i# e' el#ere()% e&pe(il. E& 'e(e&ri l (ti3i## ("lt"rl #el )%m$re, pr!"e el (t% *rri%, (%m% pr%(e&% $i%l2*i(%, !"e#e (%'&"m#%. De e&tem%#%, el (t% #e l (8 #e l -"' &l3+e, % #e l pe&(, '% (%'&tit"e(t%& *rri%&, p%r!"e ) e&t#% "&e'te l (ti3i## ("lt"rl #el )%m$re

pr -%r8r &" (re(i2' e' l Nt"rle8. L le -e#erl #e pe&(:>.B::, pre(i&me'te, (%'&i#er l pe&( (%m% "' (ti3i## i'#"&tril.E' (m$i%, l (ri'8 #e e&%& mi&m%& 'imle& e' m$ie'te& ("ti3%&,i'#"(i# p%r el )%m$re, (t"'#% &%$re l& -"er8& 't"rle&,(%'&tit"e "' (t% *rri%, (%m% el ("lti3% #e *r'%& l (r0 #e *'#%.E' e&t% re&"lt #i-0(il tr8r "' l0mite pre(i&%. A&0, l 3e't #e l(%&e() #e "' pr%#"(t%r *r0(%l, % l 3e't #e "' pr%#"(t%r #e *'#%,&e trt #e "' (%'trt% #e 3e't #el #ere()% (%m4', per% p"e#ee&tr &"+et% l ("mplimie't% #e (iert%& re!"i&it%& -%rmli##e&re*lme'tri&,imp"e&t& 3e(e& p%r r8%'e& #e l (r(ter0&ti( e&pe(ili###e l%& $ie'e&, % #e p%li(0 *rri, ("% %r#e'mie't% re*"l(i2'e& #e (%mpete'(i #el #ere()% *rri%.>. LA DOCTRINA DEL DERECHO AGRARIO EN LA ARGENTINA.

INLUENCIA DE LA DOCTRINA ITALIANAA pe&r #e &er l Ar*e'ti' "' p0& tr#i(i%'lme'te *r%pe("ri%,l #%(tri' #el #ere()% *rri% '% ) te'i#% el #e&e'3%l3imie't% #e&e#% !"e (%rre&p%'#e l #e&rr%ll% l('8#% p%r l (ti3i## &"&(r(ter0&ti(& e(%'2mi(& &%(ile&. N% %$&t'te e/i&tir *r'#e& e&pe(ili&t&e' e&t mteri, #e )$er el$%r#%, (%' *rri&t& '%t$le&,(%m% Crrer Ri'*"elet, "' #%(tri' pr%pi e' mteri #e #ere()%


6/115

*rri%, !"e t"3% *r' (ept(i2' e' el m"'#% *rri% -"e per-e((i%'#l"e*% p%r %tr%& e&t"#i%&%& i'&i*'e&, l%& e&t"#i%& #e #ere()% *rri% l $i$li%*r-0 l +"ri&pr"#e'(i e' *e'erl, &%' e&(&& '%*"r#' rel(i2' l*"' (%' l imp%rt'(i !"e #ee 'ti*"% re*i&tr e&t(ti3i## e' '"e&tr% territ%ri%. P0&e& (%m% Itli, E&p= r'(i, !"e e&t' m& pr2/im%& '%&%tr%&, )' #e&rr%ll#% &" *ri("lt"r *'#er0 #ee $&e& i'(ipie'te&, )' #e&e'3"elt%, prlelme'te,"' #%(tri' #el #ere()% *rri% !"e tr&(ie'#e &"& -r%'ter&e i'&pir#% m"()%& #e l%& (m$i%& le*i&lti3%& !"e &e )' %per#% e'l& 4ltim& #(#& e' 3ri%& p0&e& e"r%pe%& lti'%meri('%&.Re(%r#em%&, e&te re&pe(t%, l (re(i2' e' 1B::, e' Itli, #e l Revistade Derecho Agrario, #iri*i# p%r el *r' *rri&t me&tr%, pr%-e&%r #el U'i3er&i## #e l%re'(i, Gi'*&t%'e 7%ll, l !"e 'te& '%& )em%&

re-eri#%, !"e (%' &"& e'&e='8& ((i2' per&e3er'te mr(2 "' )it%imp%rt'te e' el #e&rr%ll% #el #ere()% itli'%, lti'%meri('% m"'#il, +"'t% (%' &"& (%'ti'"#%re& (r0ti(%&, l%& *rri&t& A*e% Ar('*eli,Al$ert% 7ilr0' Mr(il, A*"&t0' L"' Serr'%, E'ri(% 7&&'elli,E8i% Cpi88'%, A't%'i% Crr%88, %& #e l%& M%8%&, Gi%3''iGll%'i, Al$ert% Germ'%, Ntli'% Irti, Ri(r#% ele#2' ele#2' %tr%& !"e, #ee #i&ti't& p%&i(i%'e& #%(tri'ri& (r0ti(&, (%'ti'"r%'&" %$r e i'i(iti3 (re#%r. C"re't =%& #e&p"& #el '(imie't% #ee& Re3i&t &e (re2, e' 1BF, el I'&tit"t% #e Dere()% A*rri% I'ter'(i%'l C%mpr#%, !"e #i% pre&ti*i% "' mr(% rele3'te tr&(e'#e'tl l%& (%'*re&%& re"'i%'e& m"'#ile& (ele$r#%& (%' &"

ptr%(i'i%. E' Ar*e'ti', #ee =%& tr&, tm$i' -"'(i%'2 el I'&tit"t%A*rri% Ar*e'ti'%, !"e pre&i#i2 #"r'te m"()% tiemp% el Dr. 7er'r#i'%C. H%r'e, rep"t#% *rri&t, !"e p"$li($ l re3i&t


7/115

("lt#e& #e Dere()% r*e'ti'&. H% e&t pr(ti(, &i $ie' '% ) &i#%$'#%'#, &e e'("e'tr #i-i("lt# !"e '% e/i&te i'i(iti3 #e

prte #e l%& p%#ere& p4$li(%& pr pr%m%3er (%mp=r e&te tip%#e re"'i%'e& e'(%'tr'#%&e, (%m% e&t', t't%& t2pi(%& #e l le*i&l(i2'*rri #e l& '%rm& #mi'i&trti3& (%'e/&, (%' &%l"(i%'e&

pe'#ie'te&.E' el %r#e' i'ter'(i%'l, #em& #el I'&tit"t% #e Dere()% A*rri%I'ter'(i%'l C%mpr#%, (%' &e#e e' l%re'(i, e/i&te el I'&tit"t%I$er%meri('% #e Dere()% A*rri% Re-%rm A*rri, !"e p"$li( l

Revista Derecho y Reforma Agraria l A&%(i(i2' Lti'%meri('#e Dere()% A*rri% 5A.L.A.D.A.6, !"e tm$i' p"$li($ "' re3i&t(%' el mi&m% '%m$re. A#em&, -"'(i%' l U'i2' M"'#il #e A*rri&t&U'i3er&itri%&, el C%mit Ameri('% #e Dere()% A*rri%, (%' &e#ee' R%&ri%, Ar*e'ti', el C%mit E"r%pe% #e Dere()% R"rl %tr%&

%r*'i&m%& (%m"'itri%&. L (ti3i## #e l%& i'&tit"t%& e&t m" #i&mi'"i#, p%r l r82' 'te& &e=l#, l*"'%&, (re#%& e' l%& p0&e&(%' l mi&m -i'li##, )' (e&#% #e -"'(i%'r. L& N(i%'e& U'i#&, &" 3e8, ) p"$li(#% l Revista Derecho y Reforma Agraria ,(t"lme'te, l Re3i&t #e l AO #e'%mi'# Reforma Agraria,Colonización

y Cooperativas Agrícolas, !"e )' p%rt#% imp%rt'te&-"e'te& #e #%(tri' #e re*"l(i2' le*l, #e l%& #i-ere'te& p0&e& #elm"'#%. E' 7r&il, i'(l"&%, el #ere()% *rri% ) 3'8#% (eler#me'te,(%' t%#& l& lter'ti3& !"e %-re(e &" 3&t% territ%ri%, el pr%$lem!"e *e'er l pr%pie## #e l tierr, l #i3er&i## #e &"&re*i%'e& #e &" pr%#"((i2' *rri. E' 1B>, e&e p0& &'(i%'2 el E&tt"t%#e l Tierr, 3er##er% (2#i*% *rri% !"e mr(2 tm$i' "')it% (%m% le*i&l(i2' (%mpre'&i3 #e l%& pr%$lem& #el *r% lti'%meri('%.L C%'&tit"(i2' p%l0ti( #e 1B tri$"2 l U'i2', e&t%e&, l E&t#% e#erl, l -("lt# #e le*i&lr &%$re #ere()% *rri%,*"&, $%&!"e& 5-l%re&t&6, (8 pe&(. L mi&m e3%l"(i2' p%&iti3) %("rri#% e' M+i(%, Ve'e8"el C%&t Ri(, e' mteri #e (%l%'i8(i2' #e l re-%rm *rri.

E' Ar*e'ti', pe&e &" (%'-i*"r(i2' e(%'2mi( emi'e'teme'te*rri, (%m% )em%& &e=l#%, (%'&tit"e "' #i&(ipli' ("%& e&t"#i%&

$&i(%& &e m'tie'e' p%&ter*#%&, pe&e l imp%rt'te e&-"er8%reli8#% p%r l& (te#r& "'i3er&itri&, l%& i'&tit"t%& e&pe(ili&t&#el rm%. E' l& p"$li((i%'e& %-i(ile& *r0(%l%*'#er& e' l& '"mer%&&re3i&t& #e (r(ter pri3#% !"e &e e#it' &%$re l (ti3i##*rri e' el p0&, #i-0(ilme'te &e p"$li(' rt0("l%& e&t"#i%& re-ere'te&


8/115

l #ere()% *rri% l%& pr%$lem& +"r0#i(%& !"e *e'er' l& rel(i%'e&#el *r%. lt, #em&, "' ((i2' (%%r#i'#, #e (r(ter i'ter#i&(ipli'ri%, !"e permit %$te'er m%re& #el't%& e' l mteri, tr3& #el e'-%!"e #ee l per&pe(ti3 t('i(, e(%'2mi(, +"r0#i( &%(i%l2*i(. L $i$li%*r-0 +"r0#i( e/i&te'te, !"e e& m"e&(&, e' *e'erl 'ti*", (%m% &e=lm%&, ) trt#% m& $ie'&pe(t%& (%'"'t"rle&, e&pe(ilme'te 3i'("l#%& l%& (%'trt%& *rri%&,

per% l%& *r'#e& tem& !"e (%'&tit"e' l (%l"m' 3erte$rl #el#ere()% &" substractum perm'e'te, (%m% &%', e' *e'erl, l #%(tri'#el #ere()% *rri%, &" e3%l"(i2', l& #i&ti't& e&("el& p%&i(i%'e&#%(tri'ri& (%mpr%meti#&, l te%r0 #el (t% *rri% #e l empre&*rri, l (%l%'i8(i2', l re-%rm tr'&-%rm(i2' *rri, el "&%

pr(elmie't% #e l pr%pie## *rri, l%& m%#er'%& (%'trt%& *rri%&,*r%9lime'tri%& *r%9i'#"&trile& l pr%m%(i2' #e l &%(i%l%*0

e(%'%m0 r"rl, e'tre %tr%&, (%'&tit"e' mteri& pe'#ie'te&!"e )' te'i#% m" e&(&% #e&rr%ll% e' el p0&. "ie'e& m& )' tr$+#%e' l*"'%& #e e&t%& tem&, )' &i#% &i' #"# l%& #%(t%re& A't%'i'%Vi3'(%, 7er'r#i'% C. H%r'e, G"illerm% Gr$ri'i I&l,T%m& Am#e%, E#"r#% Pre8 Ll', R%#%l-% Crrer, Or'r 7l&(%,er''#% P. 7re$$i, Al$ert% #e l& Crrer&, r'(i&(% Gilett,E#"r#% Orti8 #e R%&& R-el N%3ell%, e'tre %tr%&. L E#it%ril %r%Ar*e'ti', e#it2 e' &" m%me't% "' Revista de Derecho Agrario,

$+% l #ire((i2' #e Er'e&t% 7%r*'i.L i#e #e "' C2#i*% A*rri% N(i%'l, p%r %tr prte, (%m% le*i&l(i2'"'i-i(#%r "t%&"-i(ie'te pr re*"lr e' -%rm perm'e'tel (ti3i## *rri e' &"& m4ltiple& -(et& , e' t%#% el territ%ri% #el

p0&, (%m% "' #e&pre'#imie't% t('i(% #el C2#i*% Ci3il, per% *%$er'# p%r l%& pri'(ipi%& #el #ere()% *rri%, ) *e'er#% #ept%& #ee)(e m"()%& =%& tm$i' #etr(t%re&. U' (2#i*% #e e&t&(r(ter0&ti(& &2l% p%#r0 $%r#r l%& &pe(t%& #e -%'#% #e l rel(i2'*rri, 3e(e& #i-0(ile& #e i#e'ti-i(r, t%# 3e8 !"e l& re*l& relti3& l p%li(0 *rri, e' &" &e'ti#% mpli%, re-ere'te& l& re&tri((i%'e& l%& l0mite& #e l pr%pie## *rri, t%m# &t tm$i' e' &" (ep(i2'

*e'erl, (%rre&p%'#e' l e&-er #e ((i2' #e l%& (2#i*%& r"rle& pr%3i'(ile& #e l& re*lme't(i%'e& l%(le&, ## '"e&tr %r*'i8(i2' p%l0ti( -e#erl. N% %$&t'te, e/i&te "' mpli mteri #e -%'#%, % #e #ere()% &"&t'(il,&"&(epti$le #e (%#i-i(r e' "' le *e'erl *rri, (%'&tit"i#

p%r l& lee& '(i%'le& #i(t#& pr el *r% #ee pri'(ipi%& #el pre&e'te&i*l%, per% el i'(%'3e'ie'te !"e pre&e't l tre e& !"e m"()&


9/115

#e e&& lee& (%'templ' &it"(i%'e& tr'&it%ri& e&t' e/p"e&t& (%'ti'"& re-%rm&, per#i'#%&e e' e&te (&% l (r(ter0&ti( #e perm'e'(i!"e #e$e' re"'ir l%& (2#i*%&, (%m% -(t%r #e &e*"ri## +"r0#i(.

N% #e$er0 #e&(rtr&e, &i' em$r*%, l p%&i$ili## #e e-e(t"r e' l"*r #e l (%#i-i((i2' $"&(#, "' re3i&i2', %r#e'mie't% (%'&%li#(i2'#e l& lee& *rri& 3i*e'te&, tre !"e p%#r0 re&"ltr #e "tili##,##% el e&t#% #e #i&per&i2' le*i&lti3 e/i&te'te. E' %pi'i2' #el pr%-e&%r Crrer, '% %$&t'te, el (%r%'mie't% % ("lmi'(i2' #%(tri'l #el#ere()% *rri% #e$e (%'(retr&e e' l &'(i2', e' (# p0&, #e "' C2#i*%A*rri% N(i%'l. E&t #e$e &er l etp -i'l. L &'(i2' #e e&e(2#i*%, &i*'i-i(r, e' %pi'i2' #e e&te "t%r, -i+(i2' &e*"ri## e' l&'%rm& !"e re*"l' l (ti3i## *rri, e' t%#%& &"& l('(e&, (%'(l"e'#%(%' l i'e&t$ili## #e l& re-%rm&; &er le perm'e'te, (%#i-i(#,"t%&"-i(ie'te, e' ("'t% '% re!"erir l pli((i2' &"$&i#iri

#el C2#i*% Ci3il e' l%& (&%& '% pre3i&t%&, (%m% %("rre )%r, !"e-re("e'teme'tel& lee& *rri& &%' #e&3irt"#& p%r l pli((i2' &"plet%ri#el #ere()% (%m4'. U' e'&% #e (%#i-i((i2' pr(il -"e lle *e'erl *rri pr%e(t# p%r l Se(retr0 #e A*ri("lt"r e' el=% 1B>.C%'trrime'te l% !"e %("rre e' el (mp% +"r0#i(%, l $i$li%*r-0t('i( e' mteri *rri el '4mer% #e p"$-i((i%'e& !"e $%r#'(iert%& tem& #e e(%'%m0 &%(i%l%*0 r"rl, &%' m" $"'#'te& e' el

p0& '%& (%l%(' l ($e8 #e l& '(i%'e& #el m"'#%. E/i&te, e&tere&pe(t%, "' *r' #i&t'(i, e' ("'t% l e/te'&i2' e i'te'&i##, e'treel trtmie't% t('i(% +"r0#i(% #e l%& pr%$lem& #el *r%. E' l%&=%& #e e'-re'tmie't% #e l& rel(i%'e& *rri& e'tre pr%pietri%& rre'#tri%& #e l%& pre#i%&, l (ti3i## #%(tri'ri el (%me'tri% #el& lee& #!"irier%' (iert &i*'i-i((i2'. L"e*%, l !"ietr&e l& *"&,l%& tem& *rri%& #e+r%' #e -%rmr prte, &l3% m" p%(& e/(ep(i%'e&,#e l $i$li%*r-0 +"r0#i( #el i'ter& #e l%& e&t"#i%&%&.?. ORÍGENES RECIENTES DEL DERECHO AGRARIO.AVANCE DE LOS CONCEPTOS. CONCLUSIONES 1BJ@:

El #ere()% *rri% (%'&tit"e "' #i&(ipli' m%#er', #e 3i# m& %me'%& re(ie'te. Se ) #e&rr%ll#% e' el ("r&% #el pre&e'te &i*l%. S"'(imie't%

p"e#e -irmr&e !"e (%i'(i#e (%' l pri(i2' #e l Revista de Derecho Agrario, l'8# e' el =% 1B::, (%m% #i+im%&, p%r el *rri&titli'% Gi'*&t%'e 7%ll, e' l%re'(i, !"e &e't2 l& $&e& pr t%#%&" #e&rr%ll% p%&teri%r, e' Itli e' el m"'#%. El (%'(ept% el


10/115

(%'te'i#% #el #ere()% *rri% )' e3%l"(i%'#% rpi#me'te, #eee't%'(e&, ("& #e l i'(%rp%r(i2' #e l te('%l%*0 l%& (m$i%& p%l0ti(%& &%(ile& (e(i#%& e' el m"'#% e' l& rel(i%'e& *rri&. C%m%l% &e=l$ el i'&i*'e *rri&t itli'% A't%'i% Crr%88 e' &"tr$+%


11/115

#e l pr%pie## *rri, % l '%(i2' #el #ere()% #e l *ri("lt"r, pre(e' i'&"-i(ie'te& pr #r "' #e-i'i(i2' (%mpre'&i3 #e t%#&l& &it"(i%'e& !"e pre&e't el #ere()% *rri% &e imp"&%, #ee el (%mie'8%#e l #(# #e 1BF, el (%'(ept% m& mpl0%, '% #el


12/115

Nt"rle8 mi&m. L #e'%mi'#


13/115

(%m% )em%& 3i&t%, &"p%'e e' &" &pe(t% (ti3% l ((i2' #el )%m$re&%$re l& -"er8& #e l Nt"rle8, #e&ti'# l pr%#"((i2' #e $ie'e&#etermi'#%&, 'imle& pl't&. E&t%& $ie'e&, &i' em$r*%, &2l% (%'&tit"e'"' (p0t"l% #e l%& re("r&%& !"e l& -"er8& #e l Nt"rle8 )'

p"e&t% l &er3i(i% #el )%m$re. E' &" &e'ti#% e&tri(t%, l%& re("r&%& 't"rle&&%' !"ell%& $ie'e& !"e pr%#"(e e&p%'t'eme'te l Nt"rle8 !"e el )%m$re "tili8 pr &ti&-(er &"& 'e(e&i##e& mterile& e&tti(&.C%' e&te l('(e $&%l"t%, l%& re("r&%& 't"rle& (%'&tit"e' "'(re(i2' %ri*i'ri #e l Nt"rle8 e' l !"e '% i'ter3ie'e el tr$+%#el )%m$re. L Nt"rle8 &%l l%& *e'er pre&er3 &" e/i&te'(i, &i'i'ter3e'(i2' #e '#ie. C"'#%, e' (m$i%, l (ti3i## #el )%m$re prti(ipe' &" (re(i2' % *e'er(i2', e&tm%& e' pre&e'(i #e "' re("r&%'t"rl ("lt"rl, (%m% (%'te(e (%' l%& ("lti3%&, el *'#% #e (r0, l&

pl't(i%'e& -%re&tle& % l& e&pe(ie& #e l -"' &l3+e l pi&(i("lt"r,

repr%#"(i#& e' ("ti3eri%. N"e&tr #i&(ipli' +"r0#i(, el #ere()% *rri% #e l%& re("r&%& 't"rle&,$r( m$%& tip%& #e pr%#"((i%'e&, l& e&p%'t'e& #e l Nt"rle8 l& ("lt"rle& *e'er#& p%r el tr$+% #el )%m$re. Se %("pt't% #e l -"' &l3+e *e'er# li$reme'te p%r l Nt"rle8, (%m%#el *'#% #e (r0 pr%3%(#% p%r el )%m$re, #e l%& $%&!"e& 't"rle&% 'ti3%&, (%m% #e l%& -%re&t#%& rti-i(ilme'te, #e l -l%r &il3e&tre(%m% #e l #e pl't(i2' % #e ("lti3%. De'tr% #e "' e&!"em e&tri(t%#e e'&e='8, '"e&tr #i&(ipli' p%#r0 #i3i#ir&e limitr&e, p%r "' l#%,l trtmie't% #e l%& re("r&%& 't"rle& pr%#"(i#%& p%r ((i2' e&p%'t'e#e l Nt"rle8, #e+'#% !"e el #ere()% *rri% &e %("pe #el%& ("lt"rle&, (%m% #i&(ipli' prte. E&te &er0 el 3er##er% (mp% #e(t"(i2' #el #ere()% *rri%. Ni'*4' (2#i*% #e l%& re("r&%& 't"rle&&e %("p, p%r (iert%, 'i #e$e %("pr&e, #e l%& ("lt"rle&, pr%#"(i#%&(%' el tr$+% #el )%m$re, p%r!"e imp%rtr0 (%'-"'#ir &"& %$+eti3%&.E&t%& 4ltim%& #e$er' &er l mteri e&pe(0-i( #e l%& (2#i*%& *rri%&,(%' l%& ("le& '% ($e (%'-"'#irl%&. P%r r8%'e& #i#(ti(&, #e -i'i## #e 3i'("l(i2' *e'ti(, &e l%& e'&e= (%'+"'tme'te e' l%& pr%*rm&#e l& (te#r& "'i3er&itri&, per% '% #e$e %l3i#r&e !"e e' l%& re("r&%&

("lt"rle&, el )%m$re (t4 &%$re l Nt"rle8 pr i'#"(irl l *e'er(i2' #el re("r&% e&t (ti3i## e& -"e'te #e rel(i%'e& +"r0#i(&#i&ti't& l& !"e p"e#e %(&i%'r el "&% pr%3e()mie't% #e l%&re("r&%& !"e l Nt"rle8 *e'er e' -%rm e&p%'t'e p%'e #i&p%&i(i2'#el )%m$re. Re&"lt, &t, "' (lr(i2' prelimi'r 'e(e&ri.:. CLASIICACIÓN DE LOS RECURSOS NATURALESE& (%m4' l (l&i-i((i2' #e l%& re("r&%& 't"rle& e' re'%3$le& '%


14/115

re'%3$le&. L%& primer%& p"e#e' e!"iprr&e l%& -r"t%& e' el &e'ti#%!"e 3"el3e' *e'err&e '% e/i&te rie&*% #e *%tmie't%. S" (%'&er3(i2',e' m"()%, #epe'#e #e l (%'#"(t #el )%m$re. L tierr, el *",el ire, l -l%r l -"' &il3e&tre&, l& $elle8& p'%rmi(& % e&('i(&,(iert& -%rm& #e e'er*0, &%' (%'&i#er#%& re("r&%& re'%3$le&. Tm$i'l%& #e'%mi'#%& re("r&%& 't"rle& ("lt"rle& e'tr' #e'tr% #e e&te(%'(ept%, &i' e/(ep(i2'. L%& '% re'%3$le&, e' (m$i%, &e *%t' (%' &"pr%3e()mie't%. P"e#e #e(ir&e !"e, #i-ere'(i #e l%& 'teri%re&,


15/115

(%'(ie'(i (%le(ti3% !"e i'&t #ete'er l #e3&t(i2', l #e&erti8(i2',l (%'tmi'(i2'. H r82' pr te'er e&per'8 9#i(e' l%& e(2l%*%&.@. DOMINIO Y URISDICCIÓN SO7RE LOS RECURSOS

NATURALES @1J@1K"i' e& el pr%pietri% %ri*i'ri% #e l%& re("r&%& 't"rle& KP"e#e'l%& re("r&%& 't"rle& (re#%& p%r l &%l ((i2' #e l Nt"rle8,&er %$+et% #e pr%pi(i2' pri3#Pr (%'te&tr e&t& pre*"'t& #e$em%& )(er l #i&ti'(i2' !"e &ee-e(t4 )$it"lme'te e' l #%(tri', e'tre el #%mi'i% %ri*i'ri% el#%mi'i% #eri3#%. El primer%, perte'e(e l #"e=%, &e &te el E&t#% %"' prti("lr, #ee el %ri*e' % '(imie't% #e l (%&, e& #e(ir, '% re(%'%(el e/i&te'(i #e "' pr%pietri% 'teri%r. El &e*"'#%, e& el !"e pr%3ie'e#el #"e=% %ri*i'ri%, tr3& #e "' % m& tr'&mi&i%'e&.L C%'&tit"(i2' '(i%'l, re-%rm# e' 1BB>, ) #i&p"e&t% e' &"

rt0("l% 1:> !"e l& pr%3i'(i& p%&ee' el #%mi'i% %ri*i'ri% #e &"& re("r&%&'t"rle&. A'te& #e !"e l C%'&tit"(i2' -"er re-%rm#, l lemi'er )$0 tri$"i#% l%& E&t#%& pr%3i'(ile& e #%mi'i% %ri*i'ri%&%$re l& mi'&, !"e -%rm' "' (p0t"l% #e e&t%& re("r&%&. L& lee&relti3& l -"' l -l%r &il3e&tre& l& $elle8& p'%rmi(& %e&('i(&, )&t e't%'(e& &'(i%'#&, )$0' %miti#%, e' (m$i%,

pr%'"'(ir&e&%$re el #%mi'i% %ri*i'ri% #e e&t%& $ie'e&, "'!"e re*"l$'&" "tili8(i2' p%r l%& prti("lre&, (%' -i'e& #e pre&er3(i2' #e l%&re("r&%& #e $ie' (%m4'. N% %$&t'te e&e 3(0% le*l, 3ri& pr%3i'(i&,'ti(ip'#%&e l% #i&p"e&t% p%r l N(i2', )$0' (%'&*r#%e' &"& (%'&tit"(i%'e& l pr%pie## %ri*i'ri #e l%& E&t#%& pr%3i'(ile&&%$re e&t (l&e #e re("r&%&, l%& ("le&, e' l*"'%& (&%&, -"er%' #e(lr#%&i'lie'$le& e impre&(ripti$le&.L pre&(rip(i2' (%'&tit"(i%'l me'(i%'#, i'(%rp%r# e' el =%1BB>, re!"iere l*"'%& (%me'tri%& e' l% !"e re&pe(t &" (%'te'i#% l('(e l &pe(t% +"rii((i%'l. E&t (l"&"l, e' mteri #e #%mi'i% +"rii((i2', e& (%'&e("e'(i (&i 'e(e&ri #e '"e&tr %r*'i8(i2'

p%l0ti( -e#erl. Pre(er0 (%'trri% l &i&tem !"e l N(i2' &"mier

el #%mi'i% %ri*i'ri% #e l%& re("r&%& 't"rle& "$i(#%& e' territ%ri% pr%3i'(il. E&t%& re("r&%& -%rm' prte #e &"& territ%ri%&, (%'&tit"e' 3e(e& el territ%ri% mi&m% pri3rl%& #e ell%& imp%rtr0 l% mi&m% !"epr%pir&e #el territ%ri%, #e&'t"rli8'#% l %r*'i8(i2' (ept# (%m%&i&tem p%l0ti(%. Si' em$r*%, l*"'%& p0&e& -e#erle&, (%m% 7r&il M+i(%, l% )' )e()% (%' re&pe(t% l*"'%& re("r&%& 't"rle&, (%m%&%' l& mi'&, (%'&i#er'#%l%& pr%pie## #el E&t#% -e#erl. N"e&tr%


16/115

p0& tm$i' l% )i8%, 'te& #e !"e -"er &'(i%'# e& (l"&"l(%'&tit"(i%'l,(%' re&pe(t% l%& )i#r%(r$"r%& e' l #er%*# C%'&tit"(i2'#e 1B>B, re&pe(t% t%#%& l%& mi'erle& l& -"e'te& 't"rle& #ee'er*0, (%' e/(ep(i2' #e l%& 3e*etle&. U' '%rm &imilr l (%'te'0# e'l C%'&tit"(i2' '(i%'l, -"e i'(%rp%r#, (%m% #i+im%& (%' 'teri%ri##,

p%r (&i t%#& '"e&tr& pr%3i'(i& &"& (%'&tit"(i%'e& p%l0ti(&,re-%rm#& e' l #(# #e 1BF, rei3i'#i('#% pr &0 el#%mi'i% &%$re e&t%& re("r&%&, e' -%rm 'ti(ip# l e'mie'# #e lC%'&tit"(i2' '(i%'l. Pr re-%r8r el (r(ter #el #%mi'i%, l*"' #ee&t& (%'&tit"(i%'e& 9tm$i' #i+im%&9 l% (li-i(' #e i'lie'$le eimpre&(ripti$le.A"'!"e e&t me'(i2' '% -i*"r e' l C%'&tit"(i2' '(i%'l,l i'lter$ili## e impre&(ripti$ili## e& #e l 't"rle8 e&e'(i

perm'e'te #el #%mi'i% %ri*i'ri% '% )$r0 p%r !" me'(i%'rl&e/pre&me'te.L& (l"&"l& #e l C%'&tit"(i2' '(i%'l #e l& (%'&tit"(i%'e& pr%3i'(ile&!"e rei3i'#i(' el #%mi'i% %ri*i'ri% #e l%& re("r&%& 't"rle& -3%r #e l%& E&t#%&, #e$e' &er 'li8#& #ete'i#me'te. E' primer l"*r, e& 'e(e&ri% e'te'#er !"e '% $r( t%#%& l%& re("r&%& 't"rle&,e' &" &e'ti#% lt%, &i'% &2l% !"ell%& !"e &%' pr%#"(t%& e&p%'t'e%& #el Nt"rle8, #e'tr% #e l (l&i-i((i2' !"e )em%& -%rm"l#% 'teri%rme'te.L%& re("r&%& 't"rle& ("lt"rle&, re&"lt#% #el tr$+% #el )%m$re(t"'#% &%$re l& -"er8& #e l Nt"rle8, e&t' e/(l"i#%&, p%r (iert%, #e l rei3i'#i((i2' e&ttl, !"e ell% impli(r0 pri3r #e &"

pr%pie## !"ie' l%& ) *e'er#% "'!"e &2l% &e #ee el p"'t% #e3i&t #e l &"'(i2' #e &" #%mi'i% %ri*i'ri%. Per% l& p&t"r& 't"rle&,% l%& $%&!"e& 'ti3%&, pr%#"(i#%& p%r ((i2' e&p%'t'e #e l Nt"rle8 '% *e'er#%& p%r el tr$+% #el pr%pietri% #el pre#i% #%'#ee&t' &it"#%& K(%'&tit"e' "' re("r&% 't"rl rei3i'#i($le p%r el E&t#%KL% e& "' $%&!"e 't"rl % 'ti3%, &e't#% e' "' terre'% pri3#%E3i#e'teme'te '%, !"e e&te re("r&% perte'e(e l #"e=% #elterre'%, p%r ((e&i2', % e' 3irt"# #e "' &i*'(i2' #e l le3. Per% e' el

(&% #e l%& $%&!"e& 't"rle&, p"e#e' pl'ter&e #"#& -re'te l&#etermi'(i%'e& limit(i%'e& !"e #%pt l le 1@.:@, #e #e-e'& #el%& $%&!"e&, re&pe(t% e&t%& re("r&%&. L le, &i' i'ter-erir e' el #%mi'i%

pri3#%, !"e (ept, le imp%'e, e' el (&% #e l%& $%&!"e& 't"rle&,re&tri((i%'e& &" "&%, -"'##& e' r8%'e& #e i'ter& p4$li(% p%li(0-%re&tl. KU' e+emplr #e l -"' &l3+e !"e &e &ie't e' "' pre#i%


17/115

pri3#%, e& pr%pie## #el E&t#% % perte'e(e l tit"lr #el pre#i% E&tee& "' tem !"e 'te& #e l re-%rm (%'&tim(i%'l (%rre&p%'#0 re&%l3er l le l &%l"(i2' p%#0 &er #i3er&, &e*4' l%& (riteri%& imper'te&.H% l -l%r l -"' &il3e&tre& perte'e(e' l #%mi'i% %ri*i'ri% #e l

N(i2' % #e l& pr%3i'(i&, &e*4' el l"*r #%'#e e&t"3iere' &it"#&, p%r imperi% #el re-eri#% rt0("l% 1:> #e l C%'&tit"(i2' (%'(%r#'te&#e l& (%'&tit"(i%'e& pr%3i'(ile&, '% %$&t'te el &ile'(i% !"e e&te re&pe(t%

p"e#e' %$&er3r (iert& lee&, #e -(t"r 'teri%r.El (mp% #e l%& re("r&%& 't"rle& pr%pime'te #i()%& p"e#e !"e#r,#e e&te m%#%, #ee el p"'t% #e 3i&t #%mi'il, (%'&i#er$leme'tere&tri'*i#% limitr&e !"ell%& e' (" (re(i2' '% ) i'ter3e'i#% lm'% #el )%m$re, (%m% el &"el%, el *", el ire, l%& mi'erle& (iert&-%rm& #e e'er*0, l -"' -l%r &il3e&tre& l& $elle8& p'%rmi(&% e&('i(&, &%$re l%& ("le& el E&t#% e+er(e m& !"e "' #%mi'i%, e' el

&e'ti#% ptrim%'il, "' &"erte #e t"tel, ptr%'t% % p%#er #e p%li(0% #e +"rii((i2', (%' -i'e& #e pr%te((i2' #el re("r&% #e $ie' (%m4'.Per% "' trt'#%&e #e &t%&, "' 'li&i& m& pr%-"'#% #el tem '%&lle3r0 #em%&trr !"e l re*l #e l #%mi'ili## p"e#e te'er e/(ep(i%'e&#e #i&ti't%& tip%&, (%m% l& 3i&t&, !"e l& (%'&tit"(i%'e& (it#&,l '% #e-i'ir el (%'(ept% #el re("&% 't"rl, e& #e(ir, l '%

p"'t"li8r ("le& &%' e&t%& re("r&%& &%$re l%& !"e el E&t#% e+er(e l#%mi'ili##, #e+' l& p"ert& $iert& l.(li-i((i2' #e l le, l !"e#e e&t -%rm #e$er p%'er "' l0mite &" l('(e, pr !"e l '%rm'% e/(e# &"& pr%pi%& %$+eti3%&. E&t tre '% re&"lt &e'(ill pr elle*i&l#%r pr el i'trprete, l%& !"e )&t )%r )' pre-eri#% '%$%r#r el tem, !"e %-re(e -(et& m4ltiple& (%mple+&.U' p"'t%, e' e&t mteri, &i' em$r*%, re&"lt (lr%. L& (l"&"l&(%'&tit"(i%'le& rei3i'#i(' e' t%#%& l%& (&%& pr l%& E&t#%& el #%mi'i%&%$re l%& re("r&%&, per% '% 'e(e&rime'te &" "&% e/pl%t(i2'.E&t%&, p%r l% t't%, p"e#e' !"e#r li$r#%& l%& prti("lre&, &e*4' l%r*'i8(i2' e(%'2mi( (ept#, % &er %$+et% #e (%'(e&i2', "t%ri8(i2'% permi&% #e "&% e, i'(l"&%, #e "' re&er3 -3%r #el pr%pi% E&t#% ("& #e "' i'ter& p4$li(% #e %r#e' &"peri%r. E' e&te (&% el

re("r&% !"e#r &"&tr0#% l "&% e/pl%t(i2' p%r l& per&%'&, % re&"ltr &t%& m" re&tri'*i#%&. Ell% #epe'#er #e l& #e(i&i%'e& p%l0ti(&!"e, e' (# (&%, &e #%pte', #e ("er#% l& (r(ter0&ti(& #el re("r&% l& (ir("'&t'(i& #e )e()% e/i&te'te&.El #%mi'i% %ri*i'ri%, (%m% -("lt# &"peri%r #e t"tel, p%li(0 % +"rii((i2',tie'e &iempre (r(ter #e perm'e'te e' ($e8 #e &" tit"lr,% &e, e& i'e'+e'$le e impre&(ripti$le, p%r &" pr%pi 't"rle8, &e*4'


18/115

#i+im%&. El E&t#% '"'( p%#r #e&pre'#er&e #e l, p%r!"e impli(r0re'"'(ir p%#ere& !"e le perte'e(e' e' -%rm e/(l"&i3 perm'e'te.Per% el "&% e/pl%t(i2' #e l%& re("r&%& p"e#e' &er (e#i#%& l%& prti("lre&me#i'te (%'(e&i%'e&, permi&%& % "t%ri8(i%'e&, *e'erle& %e&pe(ile&, &e*4' #i+im%&, &iempre !"e &e *r'ti(e !"e el #e&ti'% #e

$ie' (%m4' #el re("r&% '% p%#r &er lter#%. L& (%'#i(i%'e& m& %me'%& &e3er& !"e l le imp%'e l e/pl%t(i2' #e l%& re("r&%& 't"rle&

p%r prte #e l%& prti("lre&, #e ("er#% &"& (r(ter0&ti(& limp%rt'(i #el i'ter& p4$li(% (%mpr%meti#%, tie'#e' pre&er3r el#e&ti'% #e $ie' (%m4' #el re("r&%, el !"e '"'( p%#r &er (m$i#%.Vi'("l#% l tem #el #%mi'i%, &e e'("e'tr el #e l +"rii((i2'!"e, e' el (&% #e "' p0& #e %r*'i8(i2' p%l0ti( -e#erl, re3i&te *r'imp%rt'(i. P%r re*l *e'erl, l +"rii((i2' e& "' (%'&e("e'(i %$li*##el #%mi'i%. "ie' p%&ee el #%mi'i% &%$re l (%&, tie'e l +"rii((i2',

t't% e' el &e'ti#% (%'(e#e'te % -("lt# #e #i&tri$"(i2' #elre("r&%, (%m% e' el e+er(i(i% #el p%#er #e p%li(0. N% %$&t'te, el re("r&%#e pr%pie## pr%3i'(il, p"e#e 3er&e limit#% p%r '%rm& (%'&tit"(i%'le&#e (r(ter '(i%'l l pli((i2' #e &t& &"&trer el re("r&%#e l& +"rii((i%'e& l%(le& e' &pe(t%& e' !"e p"e#e 3er&e (%mpr%meti#%el $ie'e&tr *e'erl % el (%mer(i% #e l%& pr%#"(t%&. E& el (&% #el%& ("r&%& #e *" !"e tr3ie&' #%& % m& pr%3i'(i&, e' l%& ("le& el#%mi'i% #e (# trm% #el ("r&% (%rre&p%'#e l re&pe(ti3 pr%3i'(i,

per% l +"rii((i2' p"e#e perte'e(er l N(i2' &i el "&% !"e &e )(e#e l 30 -l"3il (%mpr%mete el (%mer(i% i'ter'% % i'ter'(i%'l, % el

$ie'e&tr #e l p%$l(i2', e' &" m& mpli% l('(e. L le [email protected]@F, "t%ri82l P%#er E+e("ti3% '(i%'l re*"lr el "&% pr%3e()mie't%#e l& *"& #e l%& r0%& i'ter+"rii((i%'le&, (%' el -i' #e &e*"rr el"&% r(i%'l rm2'i(% #e l%& mi&m%&, #e ("er#% (%' l p%$l(i2' 'e(e&i##e& #e (# pr%3i'(i. U' -"e'te #e *e'er(i2' #e e'er*0el(tri( p"e#e &er '(i%'l, (%m% %("rre (%' l pr%3e'ie'te #e "'(0# #e *", "'!"e l %$r &e e'("e'tre impl't# e' "' r0% le()%#e *" pr%3i'(il, &i l #i&tri$"(i2' #e l e'er*0 (%mpr%mete #%&% m& pr%3i'(i&, % 3i'("l' &t& (%' l N(i2', % (%' el (%mer(i%

i'ter'(i%'l.E' e&te &e'ti#%, l le 1?.@@ #e e'er*0 el(tri(, -i+2 elr*ime' -e#erl #e l e'er*0 el(tri(, pr l%& pr%3e()mie't%&)0#r%el(tri(%& % mre%m%t%re&, ("'#% &e 'e(e&ri% i'ter(%'e(trl%&

pr l r(i%'l e(%'2mi( "tili8(i2' #e l%& mi&m%&, i'#epe'#ie'teme'te#el territ%ri% #%'#e e&t"3iere' &it"#%&. L%& -e'2me'%& !"e-e(t' l (p(i## pr%#"(ti3 #e l%& &"el%&, l (%'tmi'(i2' #e l


19/115

tm2&-er % #e l& *"&, "'!"e &e #e&rr%lle' e' el m$it% l%(l, p"e#e' e&(pr l& +"rii((i%'e& pr%3i'(ile&, p%r &" p%#er #i-"&%r, &er %$+et% #e re*"l(i%'e& '(i%'le&, e' ("'t% &"& e-e(t%& (%mpr%met'el $ie'e&tr *e'erl #e #%& % m& pr%3i'(i&. L% mi&m% %("rre(%' l& pe&te& pl*& !"e -e(t' l%& *'#%& 3e*etle&, l& (%'#i(i%'e&)i*i'i(%9&'itri& #e l%& e&t$le(imie't%& #%'#e &e -e'e',

pr%(e&e', i'#"&trili(e' (%mer(ie' (r'e& &"$pr%#"(t%&, l%& ("le&e&t' &%meti#%& l +"rii((i2' -e#erl, "'!"e %pere' #e'tr% #e "'mi&m pr%3i'(i, 'te l 'e(e&i## prim%r#il #e &l3*"r#r l &l"##e l p%$l(i2', e&t% e&, el $ie'e&tr *e'erl e' t%#% el territ%ri% #el Rep4$li(.>. EL AM7IENTE. CONCEPTOS GENERALES.CONERENCIAS INTERNACIONALES. EL AM7IENTEEN LA CONSTITUCIÓN NACIONAL. LA LEGISLACIÓN

AM7IENTAL EN LA ARGENTINA >1JF:A. CONCEPTOS GENERALESEl (%'(ept% #el m$ie'te &e ) e'&'()#% e' el ("r&% #el pre&e'te &i*l%

pr (%mpre'#er '% &%l% el e't%r'% 't"rl #%'#e tr'&("rre le/i&te'(i #el )%m$re #e l& e&pe(ie& 3i3& #el pl'et, &i'% tm$i' el("lt"rl, el r!"e%l2*i(%, )i&t2ri(%, reli*i%&% &%(il, !"e i'(i#e'#e(i#i#me'tee' l& -%rm& #e 3i# #e l& (%m"'i##e&. El m'te'imie't%#el e!"ili$ri% #el m$ie'te, e&t% e&, l (%'&er3(i2' #e &"& p"t& 't"rle& ("lt"rle&, -%rm prte #e "' pr%*rm #e (%'&er3(i2' #e l

Nt"rle8, !"e (# #0 re*i&tr m%re& 3'(e&. El )%m$re ) lle*#% (%mpre'#er !"e l tm$i' -%rm prte #el m$ie'te, e' "' rel(i2'&%li#ri, !"e te'tr (%'tr &te e& -e(tr &" pr%pi e/i&te'(i.El m$ie'te (%'&tit"e "' -i*"r 't"rl ("lt"rl (%mple+. E&t(%mp"e&t% #e "' (%'+"'t% #e eleme't%& i'ter(ti3%& e i'ter#epe'#ie'te& !"e,e' #e-i'iti3, (%'&tit"e' el e(%&i&tem 4'i(% #e l Tierr. E&%&eleme't%& '% p"e#e' &eprr&e p%r!"e (%'&tit"e' "' "'i## -"'(i%'l,"'!"e e' e&te ("r&% &er' e&t"#i#%& e' -%rm i'#epe'#ie'te,

p%r "' 'e(e&i## p"rme'te #i#(ti(. E' reli##, -"'(i%' (%m%

"' "'i## 't"rl ("lt"rl i'#i3i&i$le. E' el Gl%&ri% !"e (%mp= l le $%'ere'&e 11.@:@, #e pr%te((i2' #e l%& re("r&%& 't"rle& #el me#i% m$ie'te, &e e/p%'e el &i*"ie'te (%'(ept%J


20/115

p%r &te


21/115

m%#er# #e l%& re("r&%& 't"rle&, "' #ee el i'i(i% #e l re3%l"(i2'i'#"&tril, 'te& me'(i%'#, l% !"e ) m%ti3#% l (ree'(i #e "'&tt"9!"% perm'e'te e i#el, &i' me'8& #e pr#i# #e l (p(i##"t%*e'er#%r #e l%& e(%&i&tem&, per%, e' -%rm repe'ti', e& e&t$ili##(%me'82 #eteri%rr&e (eler#me'te e' el tr'&("r&% #el pre&e'te&i*l%, #em%&tr'#% !"e l Tierr, (%m% t%#% %r*'i&m% 3i3%, e&"' ("erp% -r*il e/p"e&t% t%#& l& (%'ti'*e'(i& #e l 3i#.El %$+eti3% #e "' p%l0ti( m$ie'tl repr#%r, re*e'er#%r, e'. ("l!"ier tip% #e &%(ie## #e !"e &e trte, p"e#e re&"mir&e e' l%& &i*"ie'te&

pri'(ipi%& *e'erle&J1. El re&pet% l 3i#, l &l"# )"m' el m'te'imie't% #e l#i3er&i## $i%l2*i(.:. L (%'&er3(i2' #e l%& re("r&%& 't"rle& ("lt"rle&, pr !"e&t%& p"e#' &er3ir '% &2l% l& 'e(e&i##e& $ie'e&tr #e l& *e'er(i%'e&

(t"le& &i'% tm$i' l& -"t"r&, e&t% e&, l #e&rr%ll% &"&te't$le.L pr%te((i2' m$ie'tl, -irm' l%& e(2l%*%&, #e 'i'*4' m%#%#e$e (%'&i#err&e !"e (%'&tit"e "' -re'% l #e&rr%ll% 'i "' me'8(%'tr el emple%.@. El (%mpr%mi&% #e &e*"rr "' '"e3 ti( e' l& rel(i%'e& (%'l Tierr, (%'&er3'#% &" 3itli##.>. Imp%&i(i2' #e l0mite& #e t%ler'(i pl8%& e&tri(t%& (%'tr l&me'8& m$ie'tle& pr%3e'ie'te& #e l (%'#"(t )"m' &e3er&&'(i%'e&, '% re#imi$le&, !"ie'e& l%& tr'&*re#e'.?. P%l0ti( #e pre3e'(i2' #e l%& #=%& m$ie'tle&. Te'em%& &2l%"' Tierr #epe'#em%& #e ell. El rie&*% re&"lt peli*r%&me'te lt%,&i '% l ("i#m%& #e("#me'te. L& (l&e& #iri*e'te& #e$e' &"mir lre&p%'&$ili## #e l ("&t%#i #e l%& m$ie'te& 3itle& tr'&mitirl l%& )$it'te& #el m"'#%, me#i'te (mp=& e#"(ti3& #e -%rm(i2'#e (%'(ie'(i, tr3& #e l& e&("el& '4(le%& #e (ti3i## &%(il.L 'e(e&i## #e #i&pe'&r "' pr%te((i2' e-i(8 l%& re("r&%& 't"rle& l%& #ere()%& m$ie'tle& e' *e'erl, 'te& #e !"e &e tr#e, ##%el e&t#% #e #e*r#(i2' e' !"e &e e'("e'tr' &"& (%mp%'e'te&, ) pl'te#%l i#e #e %perr "' (m$i% #e l #e"# e/ter' (%mer(il p%r Nt"rle8,

e' l%& p0&e& e' #e&rr%ll%. E&t pr%p"e&t -"e l'8# p%r elPre&i#e'te #e l%& E&t#%& U'i#%&, pri'(ipi%& #e l #(# #e 1BBF. L%&

p0&e& (ree#%re&, e' #e-i'iti3, (%'#%'r0' "' prte imp%rt'te #e l#e"# l%& p0&e& $e'e-i(iri%& #e&ti'r0' l #i-ere'(i, % "' prte #eell, pr%m%3er ((i%'e& pr%e(t%& #e #e-e'& #e l Nt"rle8, l% !"erepre&e'tr0 "' "# imp%rt'te pr &" -i''(imie't%.7. CONERENCIAS INTERNACIONALES >JF:


22/115

L C%'-ere'(i #e l& N(i%'e& U'i#& &%$re el Me#i% Am$ie'teH"m'%, (ele$r# e' E&t%(%lm%, e' 1B:, -"e el primer llm#% &eri%#e te'(i2' #e (re(i2' #e "' e&t#% #e lrm &%$re l%& peli*r%& !"e(e()' l )%m$re tr3& #e "' (%'#"(t #e&pre'&i3 (%' rel(i2'l me#i% !"e l% (ir("'#. C%'&tit"2 el primer e&-"er8% reli8#% p%r l )"m'i## pr e'(rr l%& pr%$lem& m$ie'tle& 'i3el #el pl'et,

pr l &"per3i3e'(i. A'teri%rme'te, e' 1BF: &e )$0' pr%$#%,e' Pr0&, l C%'3e'(i2' pr l Pr%te((i2' #e l%& P+r%& tile& prl A*ri("lt"r, !"e (%'&tit"e, p"e#e #e(ir&e, el primer ("er#% pr l

pre&er3(i2' #e l%& e(%&i&tem& , e' 1B@@, &e (ele$r2 e' L%'#re& lC%'3e'(i2'&%$re C%'&er3(i2' #e l "' l%r Nt"rl, (%' i*"l%$+eti3%. i'lme'te, e' 1B>F, -"e pr%$# e' &)i'*t%' l C%'3e'(i2'#e Pr%te((i2' #e l l%r "' e' Peli*r% #e E/ti'(i2' #e l%&

7%&!"e& Nt"rle&. Er' t%#& me#i#& i&l#&, per% (%'("rre'te& "' mi&m% %$+eti3% #e pr%te((i2' #e l Nt"rle8.L C%'-ere'(i #e E&t%(%lm%, &" 3e8, &'(i%'2 "' #e(lr(i2'i'ter'(i%'l#e pri'(ipi%& &%$re el me#i% m$ie'te, e' *e'erl, #e+2

$ie' (lr% &" %$+eti3% #e (rer m%#el%& #e (%'#"(t (%le(ti3 re&p%'&$ili##e&

pr el m'e+% #e l Tierr. S" mrit% e& )$er "'i-i(#%l%& (%'(ept%&, %t%r*'#%le& pr%e((i2' *e'erl. De'tr% #e l%& : pri'(ipi%&!"e (%'tie'e l #e(lr(i2' &e e&t$le(i2 !"e i%& re("r&%& 't"rle&#e l Tierr #e$e' &er pre&er3#%& e' $e'e-i(i% #e l& *e'er(i%'e&

pre&e'te -"t"r&, me#i'te "' ("i##%& pl'i-i((i2' " %r#e'(i2',&e*4' (%'3e'*. "e #e$e m'te'er&e , &iempre !"e &e p%&i$le, re&t"rr&e,% me+%rr&e, l (p(i## #e l Tierr pr pr%#"(ir re("r&%&3itle& re'%3$le& !"e l%& re("r&%& '% re'%3$le& #e$e' empler&e e'-%rm !"e &e e3ite el peli*r% #e &" -"t"r% *%tmie't% &e*"rr&e !"et%# l )"m'i## (%mprt l%& $e'e-i(i%& #e &" emple%. "e #e$e p%'er&e-i' l& #e&(r*& #e &"&t'(i& t2/i(& l li$er(i2' #el (l%r,e' ('ti##e& !"e el me#i% '% p"e# 'e"trli8r p%r&e l +"&t l"()

#e l%& p"e$l%& #e t%#%& l%& p0&e& (%'tr l (%'tmi'(i2'.r"t% #e l C%'-ere'(i #e E&t%(%lm% -"e l (re(i2' #el Pr%*rm#el Me#i% Am$ie'te #e l& N(i%'e& U'i#&, (%' &ie't% e' Nir%$i,#%'#e e' 1B: &e pr%$2 %tr #e(lr(i2', e' l !"e &e &%li(it l%&*%$ier'%& l%& p"e$l%& !"e (%'&%li#e' l%& pr%*re&%& )&t e't%'(e&reli8#%&, "'!"e, l mi&m% tiemp%, e/pre&2 &" pr%-"'# pre%("p(i2'

p%r el e&t#% #el me#i% m$ie'te, re(%'%(ie'#% l 'e(e&i## "r*e'te


23/115

#e i'te'&i-i(r l%& e&-"er8%& e' el m$it% m"'#il, re*i%'l '(i%'l, pr pr%te*erl% me+%rrl%. El pr%$lem #e l (%'&er3(i2'#el me#i% m$ie'te !"e#2 pl'te#%, #ee e't%'(e&, 'te l (%'(ie'(i"'i3er&l.A l& C%'-ere'(i& #e E&t%(%lm% Nir%$i &i*"ier%' i''"mer$le&re"'i%'e& '(i%'le& e i'ter'(i%'le& 3i'("l#& #i3er&%& &pe(t%&#el me#i% m$ie'te, !"e pl'ter%' l%& *%$ier'%& &eri%& re(lm%& pre3itr '"e3%& #=%& l e't%r'%, mie'tr& &e e&t"#i$' p%'0' e'

pr(ti( l& &%l"(i%'e& perti'e'te&. A pri'(ipi%& #e l #(# #e 1BF,l& N(i%'e& U'i#& (rer%' l C%mi&i2' M"'#il #el Me#i% Am$ie'te De&rr%ll%, #e'%mi'# l C%mi&i2' 7r"'#tl'#, pre&i#i# p%r l

primer mi'i&tr% '%r"e* Gr% Hrlem 7r"'#tl'#, !"e e' &" i'-%rme


24/115

#e G%$ier'%, l #e'%mi'# C"m$re #e l Tierr, l !"e &i&tier%'m& #e (ie' repre&e't'te& #e l%& E&t#%&. L C"m$re )$0 &i#% pr%p"e&te' el i'-%rme 7r"'#tl'# (%'&tit"eQ el &e*"'#% )it% )i&t2ri(%!"e (%'&%li#2 l #e(lr(i2' #e pri'(ipi%& &"&te't# e' l C%'-ere'(i#e E&t%(%lm%, reli8# 3ei'te =%& 'te&. Reiter2, e'tre %tr& mteri&imp%rt'te&, l%& prmetr%& ("mplir pr l%*rr "' #e&rr%ll% &"&te't$le,err#i(r l p%$re8, "me'tr el &$er (ie't0-i(%, el #ere()% te'er ((e&% l i'-%rm(i2' &%$re el me#i% m$ie'te, l& re&p%'&$ili##e& l i'#em'i8(i2' re&pe(t% l& 30(tim& #e l (%'tmi'(i2',l pli((i2' #el (riteri% pre3e'ti3% % #e pre("(i2' pr l pr%te((i2'#el m$ie'te, l e3l"(i2' #el imp(t% m$ie'tl, (%m% i'&tr"me't%'(i%'l, l '%ti-i((i2' l%& #em& E&t#%& #e #e&&tre& 't"rle& &it"(i%'e& #e emer*e'(i, el p%% #e$i#% l i#e'ti##, ("lt"r ei'tere&e& #e l%& p"e$l%& i'#0*e'&, l (%'&i#er(i2' #e l *"err (%m%

e'emi* #el #e&rr%ll% &"&te't$le re&%l"(i2' #e t%#& l& (%'tr%3er&i&&%$re el me#i% m$ie'te p%r me#i%& p(0-i(%&. Tm$i' l C"m$re#e R0% emiti2 "' #e(lr(i2' #e pri'(ipi%&, &i' -"er8 +"r0#i( pr elm'e+%, (%'&er3(i2' #e&rr%ll% &"&te't$le #e t%#% tip% #e $%&!"e& pr%$2, (%m% ter(er p"'t%, l #e'%mi'# A*e'# % Pr%*rm :1,(%' el %$+et% #e !"e &e 'li8r' e' el -"t"r% i'me#it% l%& pr%*re&%&e/perime't#%& e' l%& ("(i'te& pr%$lem& !"e -e(t' l #e&rr%ll%&"&te't$le l& me#i#& p%'er&e e' pr(ti( pr &"perrl%&.E' l mi&m re"'i2' #e R0%, #e 1BB:, l%& &i&te'te& &"&(ri$ier%' lC%'3e'(i2' &%$re Di3er&i## 7i%l2*i(, (%' l $&te'(i2' #e E&t#%&U'i#%&. E&t (%'3e'(i2' tie'e p%r %$+et% l (%'&er3(i2' #e l #i3er&i##

$i%l2*i(, e&t% e&, l 3ri$ili## #e l%& %r*'i&m%& 3i3%& #e ("l!"ier -"e'te #el pl'et , l mi&m% tiemp%, %$te'er l "tili8(i2'&"&te't$le #e l%& (%mp%'e'te& #e l $i%#i3er&i##, pr el m'te'imie't%#e l%& e(%&i&tem&. Tm$i' pl'te2, (%m% 'e(e&i##, l +"&t e!"itti3 prti(ip(i2' #e l%& p0&e& e' #e&rr%ll% e' l%& $e'e-i(i%& !"ere&"lte' #el emple% #e l%& re("r&%& *e'ti(%& l tr'&-ere'(i #e l&te('%l%*0&, -3%r #e l%& p0&e& #%'#e &e %$tie'e el mteril pr l%&e&t"#i%& *e'ti(%&. Ar*e'ti' #)iri2 e&t C%'3e'(i2', p%r le

:>.?, #el =% 1BB?. P%r 4ltim%, tm$i' e' el =% 1BB:, e' l mi&mre"'i2' #e l& N(i%'e& U'i#&, l%& p0&e& &"&(ri$ier%' l (%'3e'(i2'Mr(% &%$re Cm$i% Climti(%, !"e e&t$le(i2 met& p"rme'te 3%l"'tri&(%m% %$+eti3% pr %$te'er l e&t$ili8(i2' #e l& (%'#i(i%'e&m$ie'tle&, e' l% !"e re&pe(t l emi&i2' #e (iert%& *&e& #ee-e(t% i'3er'#er%.L C"m$re #e l Tierr, (%m% &e #3ierte, -"e ri( e' re&%l"(i%'e&


25/115

#e(lr(i%'e& #e pri'(ipi%& &"per2 lr*me'te el primer /it% *l%$l%$te'i#% 3ei'te =%& 'te&, p%r l C%'-ere'(i #e E&t%(%lm%. N% )#"#!"e l%& 3'(e& p"#ier%' &er m%re& l& p%&t"r& #e l%& p0&e&i'#"&trile& m& pre(i&& e' ("'t% l%& (%mpr%mi&%& &"mir pr l

pre&er3(i2' #e l%& re("r&%& #e l Tierr. Si' per+"i(i% #e e&tr #e("er#% (%' l%& pri'(ipi%&, -lt2 "'i## e' l t%m #e #e(i&i%'e&, p%r l re'"e'(i #e (iert%& p0&e& l0#ere& &"mir (%mpr%mi&%& pl8%&-i+%& e' mteri #e pr%te((i2' m$ie'tl limit(i2' #e l& emi&i%'e&#e *&e&.L C%'-ere'(i #e R0% pr%$2, e'tre &"& re&%l"(i%'e& -"'#me'tle&&e*4' #i+im%&, l A*e'# % Pr%*rm :1, #e&ti'# re(pit"lr l&((i%'e& !"e #e$0 p%'er e' mr() l (%m"'i## #e l%& p0&e&, prl('8r l met #el #e&rr%ll% &"&te't$le, #e ("er#% l& #e(lr(i%'e&#%pt#&. Per% #e&p"& #e (&i (i'(% =%& #e t%m#& e&t& re&%l"(i%'e&

&e #3irti2, tr3& #e l%& e&t"#i%& 'li&i& pr(ti(#%& p%r lA*e'# % Pr%*rm :1, !"e l& re(%me'#(i%'e& '% )$0' l('8#%l 3i*e'(i e&per# &"& re&"lt#%& )$0' &i#% p%(% le't#%re&, e'*e'erl, p%r l% ("l &e re&%l3i2 (%'3%(r "' '"e3 C%'-ere'(i e'

N"e3 Y%r, me#i#%& #el =% 1BB, pr re(%'&i#err l%& ("er#%&#e R0%, l%& tem& e&pe(0-i(%& rel(i%'#%& (%' l A*e'# % Pr%*rm:1, &%$re p%l0ti(& (%'(ret& e' mteri #e pr%te((i2' m$ie'tl !"ei'(l"e, tm$i', &pe(t%& #e p%l0ti(& e(%'2mi(& &%(ile&. E' e&t&m$le, l%& e-e& #e E&t#% #em& repre&e't'te& re"'i#%& p&r%'re3i&t e/mi'r%' l%& re&"lt#%& #e l%& e&t"#i%& rel(i%'#%& (%'#i()% Pr%*rm l%& pr%*re&%& l('8#%& e' l%& (i'(% =%& tr'&("rri#%&#ee l C%'-ere'(i #e R0%, re'%3'#% e' e&t %(&i2' el (%mpr%mi&%#e pr%&e*"ir l ((i2' pr l%*rr l& met& l%& %$+eti3%&e'"'(i#%& e' l mi&m. "e#2 e&t$le(i#, e' e&t %p%rt"'i##, l 'e(e&i###e (elerr l e+e("(i2' #el Pr%*rm :1, -"'#me'tl prl('8r l met #e "' #e&rr%ll% &"&te't$le. L &pir(i2' #e l A&m$le, tr3& #el #%("me't% pr%$#%, ) &i#% !"e e' el =% :FF:, e&t%e&, %tr%& (i'(% =%& 3i&t, &e re3ele' m%re& pr%*re&%& t'*i$le& e' le+e("(i2' #el Pr%*rm. Se pl'te2, e' e&t %p%rt"'i##, l 'e(e&i##

#e re-%r8r l%& -%'#%& *"$er'me'tle& pli(#%& l e+e("(i2' #elPr%*rm, (%' el p%rte e&pe(il #e l%& p0&e& i'#"&trili8#%&.i'lme'te, l (%'(l"ir el =% 1BB &e (ele$r2 e' i%t% "' '"e3re"'i2' e'tre l& prte& %t%r*'te& #e l C%'3e'(i2' Mr(% &%$re elCm$i% Climti(%, l !"e 'te& '%& )em%& re-eri#%, (%' el %$+et% #e-i+r pl8%& pre(i&%& l re#"((i2' #e l& emi&i%'e&, !"e e&t (%'3e'(i2''% )$0 #etermi'#%. Re(%r#em%&, e&te re&pe(t%, !"e l C%'3e'(i2'


26/115

Mr(% &%$re e&t mteri, pre&e't# i'i(ilme'te e' lC%'-ere'(i #e R0% #e 1BB:, &e pr%p"&%, (%m% %$+eti3%, re#"(ir l&emi&i%'e& #e *&e& '% (%'tr%l#%& e' el Pr%t%(%l% #e M%'treL l%&'i3ele& #el =% 1BBF, pr el =% :FFF, -i+'#% #e e&t -%rm "' 3e'(imie't%

pre(i&%, per% E&t#%& U'i#%& '% (ept2 e' e& %p%rt"'i##&"mir (%mpr%mi&%& -i+%&, #%pt'#%&e -i'lme'te "' (l"&"l !"ele't$ l%& p0&e& e'(rr l re#"((i2', per% (%' met& 3%l"'tri&.C%' e&t& limit(i%'e& !"e#2 pr%$#, e't%'(e&, l C%'3e'(i2'Mr(%. El tem -"e 3"elt% 'li8r e' l re"'i2' #e i%t%, l ("l#%pt2 -i'lme'te "' Pr%t%(%l% #e l C%'3e'(i2', !"e #i&p"&% re#"(ir,e' trmi'%& me'%& m$i(i%&%& l%& pr%p"e&t%& %ri*i'rime'te e' lC%'-ere'(i #e R0%, el t%tl #e l& emi&i%'e& #e l%& *&e& '% (%'tr%l#%&

p%r el Pr%t%(%l% #e M%'trel, e' '% me'%& #e (i'(% p%r (ie't% #el& emi&i%'e& #e 1BBF, per% e' el per0%#% (%mpre'#i#% e'tre l%& =%&

:FF :F1:, '% pr el =% :FFF. N% %$&t'te, (# "' #e l& prte&i'#i(#& e' el A'e/% I #el ("er#% 5!"e i'(l"e l%& p0&e& e"r%pe%&,E&t#%& U'i#%&, p2', A"&trli N"e3 el'#6 #e$er, &e*4'el Pr%t%(%l% pr%$#%, p%#er #em%&trr pr el =% :FF?, "' 3'(e(%'(ret% e' el ("mplimie't% #e l%& (%mpr%mi&%& (%'tr0#%& e' 3irt"##e e&e ("er#%.P%r el Trt#% #e l A'trti#, (ele$r#% e' 1B?B p"e&t% e' 3i*%r e' 1B1, l& prte& &i*'tri& (%r#r%' pr%)i$ir l& (ti3i##e& '"(lere& militre& e' l re*i2' (%%perr e' l i'3e&ti*(i2' (ie't0-i(.E' 1BB1, &e -irm2 "' Pr%t%(%l% !"e e/(l"e l e/pl%r(i2' e/pl%t(i2'mi'er e' e& re*i2' p%r el trmi'% #e ?F =%& #i&p%'e el (%'tr%l#e %tr& (ti3i##e& (%mer(ile&, e/(ept% l pe&(. Tm$i' e'1B: &e pr%$2 l C%'3e'(i2' I'ter'(i%'l S%$re Dere()% #el Mr, l("l pre&er3 l%& re("r&%& 't"rle&, 3i3%& '% 3i3%&, #el e&p(i% mr0tim%-"er #e l +"rii((i2' '(i%'l (%'tie'e '"mer%&& '%rm& re(%me'#(i%'e& 3i'("l#& l pr%te((i2' #el m$ie'te mri'%. Vri&re&%l"(i%'e& tm$i' &e #%ptr%', e' mteri #e e'er*0 '"(ler.A &" 3e8, e' 1BB@ e'tr2 re*ir el Trt#% #e l U'i2' E"r%pe, per% e' 1BB: &e )$0 pr%$#% el pr%*rm llm#%


27/115

m'tie'e' "' p%&i(i2' 3'8# (%' re&pe(t% %tr%& p0&e& i'#"&tr0le&+e'%& l re, e' l (%'&i#er(i2' #e t%#& l& ("e&ti%'e& !"e &e

pl'te', rel(i%'#& (%' el e!"ili$ri% 't"rl #e l Tierr.C. EL DESARROLLO SUSTENTA7LE ?J@D"r'te l re"'i2' (ele$r# e' 1B p%r l C%mi&i2' M"'#il #el& N(i%'e& U'i#& &%$re Me#i% Am$ie'te De&rr%ll%, &e -%rm"l2

p%r primer 3e8, e' -%rm %-i(il, e' el #e'%mi'#% i'-%rme 7r"'#tl'#,el (%'(ept% #e #e&rr%ll% &"&te't$le, % &%&te'i$le, (%m% pri'(ipi%!"e &e pr%p%'e &ti&-(er l& 'e(e&i##e& #e #e&rr%ll% #e l& *e'er(i%'e&

pre&e'te&, &i' (%mpr%meter l& #e l& *e'er(i%'e& -"t"r&. El (%'(ept%#e #e&rr%ll% &"&te't$le &e ) i'tr%#"(i#% pr #ete'er l%&rie&*%& m$ie'tle& #e "' (%'&"m% #e&me#i#% #e l%& re("r&%& 't"rle&

p%r l& *e'er(i%'e& (t"le&, e' per+"i(i% #e l& 3e'i#er&, pre&er3'#%, l 3e8, el pr%(e&% #e #e&rr%ll% e(%'2mi(% &%(il #e l%& p"e$l%&,

e& #e(ir, impli( "&r r(i%'lme'te l%& re("r&%& p%'er l0mite& m$ie'tle& re&tri((i%'e& e(%l2*i(& l "tili8(i2' pr !"e &t%& &ir3'e' -%rm perm'e'te, % &e, &i' limit(i2' #e tiemp%, l& 'e(e&i##e&#e l )"m'i##. L& (%'(l"&i%'e& #el i'-%rme 7r"'#tl'# pr%3%(r%',e' &" m%me't%, "' r#%r%& p%lmi(, ("&'#%l% #e (%'templr &2l%l& 'e(e&i##e& #e l%& p0&e& #e&rr%ll#%&, p%r &" (%'(ep(i2' permi&i3.Re&"lt e3i#e'te, e' e&t l0'e #e (%'#"(t, !"e l (%'&er3(i2' #el%& re("r&%& '% &i*'i-i(, #e 'i'*4' m%#%, l pr%)i$i(i2' #e &" "&%, &i'%&" emple% r(i%'l (%'tr%l#% pr !"e &te re&"lte (%mpti$le(%' l%& i'tere&e& pre&e'te& -"t"r%& #e l (%m"'i##.El #e&rr%ll% &"&te't$le, e'-re't, #e e&t -%rm, #%& p%l0ti(& !"e)$it"lme'te &e %p%'e', l #el #e&rr%ll%, #e&ti'# &ti&-(er l&'e(e&i##e& #e l& *e'er(i%'e& pre&e'te&, !"e #e$e' -%r8%&me'te &er te'#i#&, el (%mpr%mi&% (%rrelti3% #e pr%m%3er "' $"e' #mi'i&tr(i2' (%'&er3(i2' #e l%& re("r&%& e/pl%t#%& % "tili8r, pr

pre&er3r &" e/i&te'(i pr%l%'*r l m/im% &" "&% #i&p%&i(i2', e' $e'e-i(i% #e l& *e'er(i%'e& 3e'i#er&. E' e&t%& trmi'%& !"e# pl'te#%el #ilem. M"()%& re("r&%& &%' -i'it%&, (%m% %("rre (%' l& -"e'te&mi'erle& , %tr%&, (%'&i#er#%& e' pri'(ipi% '% *%t$le&, p"e#e'

&er %$+et% #e "' ((i2' e/ti'ti3 #el )%m$re, e' el lr*% % me#i'% pl8%, (%m% %("rre (%' l%& pr%(e&%& #e (%'tmi'(i2' #el ire, #e l&*"&, l #e-%re&t(i2' l #e&erti8(i2', % l e/ti'(i2' #e l& e&pe(ie&#e l -l%r -"' &il3e&tre&, &i '% &e %$&er3' re*l& #e (%mp%rtmie't%#e("#&. A l%& pr%p2&it%& (%'&er3(i%'i&t& !"e miti*"e' el "&%e/ti'ti3% #el re("r&%, p"e#e' (%'tri$"ir, e' %tr%& (mp%&, i'(l"&%, lre("per(i2' el re(i(l+e #e (iert%& metle& #e *%tmie't% le't%, (%m%


28/115

el )ierr%, el pl%m% % el (%$re; el emple% #e '"e3& -%rm& #e e'er*0limpi& re'%3$le&, (%m% l e2li(, l &%lr % #e l& (0#& #e*", % l &"&tit"(i2' #e l%& pr%pi%& metle&, p%r (iert%& pr%#"(t%&

pl&ti(%& % (%mp"e&t%& #e mterile& '% *%t$le&.Tm$i' re&"lt imp%rt'te i'(%rp%rr l%& (%&t%& m$ie'tle& l%&

pr%*rm& #e #e&rr%ll% &"&te't$le, t't% 'i3el #e p0&, (%m% #e l&empre&& 9mteri &t )&t )%r '% (%'&i#er#9 !"e e&%& (%&t%&,(%rre(tme'te +"&tipre(i#%&, #ee el p"'t% #e 3i&t e(%'2mi(% &%(il,'%& #r' l& 3er##er& p"t& -i+r' l%& l0mite& l (re(imie't%.E&t%& %$+eti3%& #e pre&er3(i2' $"e' #mi'i&tr(i2' #e l%& re("r&%&,i'(l"&%, permite' 'ti(ipr !"e l i'3e&ti*(i2' te('%l2*i( l e#"((i2',&er' l%& p"'tle& #e p%% m& 3le#er%& #e "' p%l0ti( #e #e&rr%ll%&"&te't$le, !"e li$ere l )%m$re #e &" pre%("p(i2' (re(ie'te

p%r el *%tmie't% #e l%& re("r&%& l #e*r#(i2' i'e/%r$le #el me#i%

m$ie'te, !"e &" pr%pi (%'#"(t pr%3%(.D. EL AM7IENTE EN LA CONSTITUCIÓN NACIONAL1JF1J@El m$ie'te, (%m% e't%r'% 't"rl ("lt"rl #%'#e tr'&("rre le/i&te'(i )"m', re!"iere "' pr%te((i2' &"peri%r, p%r!"e l Tierr,(%m% $ie' (%m4' #el )%m$re, &e e'("e'tr e' perm'e'te peli*r%. Le&pe(ie )"m' p%(% ) (%'tri$"i#% e' l%& tiemp%& re(ie'te&, (%' &"(%'#"(t, 3e'tr e&t pre%("p(i2', "'!"e &i' #"# 3 &er &" pri'(ipl30(tim, &i '% #%pt "' (tit"# &eri re&p%'&$le, -re'te l(%'&t'te me'8 !"e &e (ier'e. E' &"& rel(i%'e& (%' el m$ie'te, el)%m$re tie'e #ere()%& , tm$i', #e$ere&. L (ri&i& #e &"per3i3e'(i!"e -r%'t, &e #e$e, e' *r' prte, &" pr%pe'&i2' #e&tr"ir l Nt"rle8, *re#irl, (%m% 'i'*4' %tr% &er 3i3% #el pl'et, e' l"*r #e3i3ir e' rm%'0 (%' ell. L pr%&peri##, l (li## #e 3i# )&t &"

pr%pi e/i&te'(i, )' #e #epe'#er e' m"()%, -re'te e&t (ri&i&, #el("i##% !"e %$&er3e (%' el &i&tem 't"rl ("lt"rl !"e l% r%#e.L pre%("p(i2' #e l& "t%ri##e& #el p0& e' mteri m$ie'tl )te'i#% (%mie'8%, (%m% ) %("rri#% e' (&i t%#& l& '(i%'e& #el m"'#%

p%r re&%l3er l%& pr%$lem& &e(t%rile& #el *", el ire, el &"el%, l

-l%r l -"' &il3e&tre&, l%& pr!"e& re&er3& 't"rle&. T%#%& l%&me('i&m%& le*le& (re#%& te'0' (%m% -i'li## #e'%mi'#%r (%m4'l pre&er3(i2' el me+%rmie't% #e l (li## #e 3i#, tr3& #e&"& eleme't%& (%mp%'e'te&. L& m& 'ti*"& #e e&t& '%rm& i&l#&,#e pre&er3(i2' #e l%& pr!"e& '(i%'le& re&er3& 't"rle&, #t' #e(i'("e't =%& tr&. Re(i' (%' l& re-%rm& (%'&tit"(i%'le& 'ti(ip#&

p%r l& pr%3i'(i& e' l #(# #e 1BF, l pre%("p(i2' p%r el


29/115

me#i% m$ie'te l (%'&i#er(i2' #e l%& re("r&%& 't"rle& &e *e'erli8 &i&temti8 #!"iere r'*% (%'&tit"(i%'l, e' el %r#e' l%(l.C%' $&t'te #em%r el tem #e l%& re("r&%& 't"rle& #e l pr%te((i2'#el m$ie'te, !"e#2 i'(%rp%r#% l C%'&tit"(i2' '(i%'l e'el =% 1BB>, e' &"& rt0("l%& >1, >@ 1:>, &i*"ie'#% e' *e'erl l%&

pri'(ipi%& (%'&*r#%& p%r l& (%'&tit"(i%'e& pr%3i'(ile&, re-%rm#&=%& 'te&. A e&te re&pe(t%, el rt0("l% >1, e' &" primer prte, #i&p%'e!"eJ


30/115

le*l "tili8# p%r (iert& '%rm&, &e*4' re&"lt #e &"pli((i2' e' l%& (&%& -re("e'te& #e (%'tmi'(i2' m$ie'tl, '% e&(ept#% p%r l '"e3 '%rm (%'&tit"(i%'l, !"e l &%(ie## '% !"e#&ti&-e() (%' l i'#em'i8(i2', p%r m& (%mplet !"e &t re&"lte,&i el $ie' #=#% p"e#e re(%mp%'er&e, e&t% e&, re(%'&tr"ir&e, e' &" -%rm (%'#i(i%'e& %ri*i'le&. El i'-r(t%r #e$e #e3%l3er l (%& e' i*"le&t#% l #e %ri*e', &i' per+"i(i% #e l& &'(i%'e& #i(i%'le& !"e(%rre&p%'#'.E&te #e$er, &e*4' l% i'#i( l '%rm, e& pri%ritri%, e/pre&i2'&t !"e &e=l '% &2l% l %$li*(i2' #e "r*e'(i #e re(%mp%'erl%&i'% tm$i' l pre-ere'(i !"e #e$e #r&e e& -%rm #e (%mpe'&(i2',&%$re l mer (%'#e' pe("'iri % pri3ti3 #e l li$ert#, e/(ept%("'#% l re(%mp%&i(i2' re&"lte mterilme'te imp%&i$le, e'("% (&% l re&p%'&$ili## #el &"+et% re&"lt *r3# re!"erir

"' &'(i2', &i' #"#, m& &e3er.E. LA DEENSA DE LOS INTERESES DIUSOS 1JFJ1FL pr%te((i2' #e l%& #ere()%& m$ie'tle& p"e#e &er re(lm# p%r el #ire(tme'te -e(t#% % i'#i3i#"%, e' #e-e'& #e "' #ere()% &"$+eti3%,(%m% re&p"e&t "' ((i2' 'e*ti3 (%'(ret !"e re(i$e #el m$ie'te.E&t (l&e #e pr%te((i2' i'#i3i#"l re&"lt (lr perte'e(e lli&t #e l%& #ere()%& *r't0& i'#i3i#"le&, #miti# p%r l C%'&tit"(i2', V

pr%te*i# p%r l& lee& *e'erle&, 'te l le&i2' #ire(t !"e e/perime'tel i'#i3i#"% e' "' #ere()% (%'(ret% &"$+eti3%. Ell% '% imp%rt#e&(%'%(er el #ere()%, tm$i' i'#i3i#"l, !"e (# per&%', e'4ltim i'&t'(i, &imi&m% p%&ee pr pr%te*er l%& #e'%mi'#%& p%r l#%(tri' p%r l le*i&l(i2' derechos o intereses difusos, !"e (%'&tit"e'(te*%r0& +"r0#i(& #i&ti't& #e l%& #e'%mi'#%& (%m4'me'te #ere()%&&"$+eti3%&.L (r(ter0&ti( #e e&t (te*%r0 #e #ere()% e& !"e &"& tit"lre& &ee'("e'tre' -r*me't#%&, e&t% e&, reprti#%& e' *r"p%& #e i'tere&e&, '%&ie'#% ell% %$&t("l% pr !"e &e #i&pe'&e (# "'% #e l%& miem$r%&i*"l pr%te((i2'. Per% e' el (&% #e l%& i'tere&e& #i-"&%& 5 tm$i' e'l%& #e i'(i#e'(i (%le(ti36 l pr%te((i2' #i&pe'&# &e pr%e(tr l

*r"p% % (l&e !"e perte'e(e, p%r!"e el i'ter& e& i'#i3i&i$le, mie'tr&!"e e' el primer &"p"e&t%, ("'#% (%rre&p%'#e "' #ere()% &"$+eti3%,el e-e(t% e& p"rme'te i'#i3i#"l te'#r p%r re&"lt#% reprr, % )(er (e&r, el #=% per&%'l e/perime't#%.Re&"lt #i-0(il #r "' (%'(ept% $r(ti3% #e l% !"e &e e'tie'#e p%r #ere()%& % i'tere&e& #i-"&%&, ## l 3rie## #e eleme't%& !"e l% (%mp%'e'.L& #e-i'i(i%'e& e'&#& p%r l #%(tri', e&te re&pe(t%, #%le(e',


31/115

e' &" m%r0, #e -lt #e pre(i&i2' '% re&"lt' &"-i(ie'teme'te(lr& e/pli(ti3&. E' l*"'%& (&%& 9e&t% tm$i' %("rre e' l& lee&9&e l%& e!"ipr l%& i'tere&e& % #ere()%& (%le(ti3%&, !"e &%' (%'(ept%&#i-ere'te&. L pl$r


32/115

el %$+et% &%$re el ("l e&e #ere()% re(e e& #e #i-0(il ("'ti-i((i2' pe("'iri, !"e m& !"e $ie'e& e(%'2mi(%& 9*re*9 &%'


33/115

rt0("l% >@ #e l C%'&tit"(i2' '(i%'l, !"e (%mpleme't el rt0("l% >1 !"e tm$i' -"e i'(%rp%r#% p%r l re-%rm #e 1BB>, %t%r* e' e&te&e'ti#% t%# per&%'


34/115

te'* "' t0t"l% -r*me't#%, '% p"e#e )(er l% pr%pi%, e& #e(ir, -r*me'tr,el i'ter& pr%te*i#%, !"e e& i'#i3i&i$le. A"'!"e &" i'te'(i2' %&"& (l("l%& '% &e' pr%te*er el i'ter& #e l%& #em& &%(i#%& p%r e&e30'("l% &%li#ri%, '% p"e#e te'er &pir(i%'e& #i&ti't& l& #el *r"p%.U' re&"lt#% -3%r$le % #3er&% &" re(lm%, e' e&te (&%, -3%re(er% per+"#i(r l *r"p% e' &" (%'+"'t%. P%r!"e, e' #e-i'iti3, el -e(t#%e& &iempre el ("erp% &%(il, ## l i'#i3i&i$ili## #e l ("& !"e &e

pr%te*e. P%r ell%, ("'#% &e trt #e l #e-e'& #e "' i'ter& #i-"&% % #e"' i'ter& (%le(ti3%, l repre&e't(i2' p"e#e &er &"mi#, #em& #el-e(t#%, p%r el #e-e'&%r #el p"e$l% l& &%(i(i%'e& !"e pr%pe'#' e&%& -i'e&, &e*4' l% pre&(ri$e el me'(i%'#% rt0("l% >@ #e l C%'&tit"(i2'.E' (%'&e("e'(i, l le*itim(i2' pr l #e-e'& #e l%& i'tere&e&#i-"&%& l%& #ere()%& #e i'(i#e'(i (%le(ti3, ## l pl"rli## #e &"+et%&,tie'e tre& 30& #e e+er(i(i%, !"e &%' ("m"l$le& (%mpti$le&

pr%(e&lme'teJ el -e(t#%, el #e-e'&%r #el p"e$l% l& &%(i(i%'e&%r*'i8#& pr &" #e-e'&.. LA LEGISLACIÓN AM7IENTAL EN ARGENTINAA'te& #e e'(rr&e l re-%rm (%'&tit"(i%'l, e' el =% 1BB>, l le*i&l(i2'm$ie'tl )$0 l('8#% e' l Ar*e'ti' "' (iert% *r#% #e#e&rr%ll%, "'!"e pr(ili8# p%r &e(t%re&, t't% e' el %r#e' '(i%'l,(%m% e' el pr%3i'(il m"'i(ipl, e&t$ re-eri#, &l3% p%(&e/(ep(i%'e&, mteri& p"'t"le&, &e*4' #i+im%&, tle& (%m% l%& pr!"e& re&er3& 't"rle&, el &"el%, el ire, l -"' &l3+e. E&t le*i&l(i2'-"e e&tim"l#, e' prte, p%r l i'ter3e'(i2' !"e ) te'i#% el p0&e' l& *r'#e& (%'3e'(i%'e& i'ter'(i%'le& &%$re el me#i% m$ie'te l pr%$(i2' e i'(%rp%r(i2' '"e&tr% %r#e' +"r0#i(% #e l& (%'3e'(i%'e&i'ter'(i%'le& 3i'("l#& l mteri, (%m% l #e Pr%te((i2'#e l l%r "' Sil3e&tre& #e l& 7elle8& E&('"(& #e 1B>F, #el C8 #e l 7lle', #e 1B>, #e Pr%te((i2' it%&'itri #e 1B?1,#e Pre3e'(i2' #e l C%'tmi'(i2' #e l& A*"& #el Mr p%r l%&)i#r%(r$"r%&#e 1B?> #e l%& Re("r&%& Vi3%& #e Alt Mr, #e 1B?, el

Trt#% A'trti(%, #e 1B?B, l& (%'3e'(i%'e& &%$re l Pr%te((i2' #e l"' Sil3e&tre e' Peli*r% #e E/ti'(i2' #e 1B@, #em& #e l& #e lDi3er&i##7i%l2*i(, #e l L"() (%'tr l De&erti8(i2', l& re-ere'te& lTr'&p%rte #e Re&i#"%& Peli*r%&%&, Pr%te((i2' #e l Cp #e O8%'%,e&t& 4ltim& #e -e()& m& re(ie'te&; tm$i' p%r l& e/i*e'(i& imp"e&t&

p%r l*"'%& %r*'i&m%& i'ter'(i%'le&, (%m% (%'#i(i2' pr


35/115

el -i''(imie't% #e (iert%& pr%e(t%& #e i'ter& *e'erl. L +"ri&pr"#e'(i'(i%'l, re(epti3 e' l*"'%& (&%& l0#ere&, ) (%'tri$"i#% tm$i' i'(reme'tr, (%m% #i+im%&, el i'ter& #el le*i&l#%r p%r re*"lr lmteri. L& re-%rm& #e l& (%'&tit"(i%'e& pr%3i'(ile&, e'(r#& me#i#%& #e l #(# #e 1BF, i'(%rp%rr%' &e'#& '%rm& te'#ie'te& pr%te*er l%& #ere()%& m$ie'tle& el mpr% #e l%& i'tere&e& #i-"&%&,e(%l2*i(%& (%le(ti3%&, %t%r*'#% (p(i## t%# per&%' pr&" #e-e'& +"rii((i%'l, p"#ie'#% (itr&e (%m% e+empl%, e'tre ell&, l& C%'&tit"(i%'e& #e C2r#%$, R0% Ne*r%, Slt, S' "', S' L"i&,S't e Tierr #el "e*%. Tm$i' e' l& Cmr& #e Dip"t#%& #e Se'#%re& #el C%'*re&% )' &i#% pre&e't#%& '"mer%&%& pr%e(t%& #ele #e pr%te((i2' m$ie'tl, #e-e'& #e l%& i'tere&e& (%le(ti3%& #e l%&i'tere&e& #i-"&%&, pr%te((i2' #e l (%'tmi'(i2', #e-e'& #el (%'&"mi#%r #el "&"ri% #e $ie'e& &er3i(i%&. E&t%& pr%e(t%& &e e'("e'tr'

pe'#ie'te& #e (%'&i#er(i2' p%r l%& ("erp%& le*i&lti3%& (%'&tit"e' "'ri( -"e'te #e 'te(e#e'te& &%$re l mteri.E' l Pr%3i'(i #e 7"e'%& Aire&, &e e'("e'tr 3i*e'te l le 11.:@,&'(i%'# e' 1BB?, re-ere'te l pr%te((i2', (%'&er3(i2', me+%rmie't% re&t"r(i2' #e l%& re("r&%& 't"rle& #el m$ie'te, (%mp"e&t#e : rt0("l%&, (" '%rmti3 tie'e p%r %$+et% 9&e*4'e/pre&9 pre&er3r l 3i# e' &" &e'ti#% m& mpli%, &e*"r'#% l&*e'er(i%'e&

pre&e'te& -"t"r& l (%'&er3(i2' #e l (li## m$ie'tl l #i3er&i## $i%l2*i(. E&t le #etermi' l%& #ere()%& #e$ere& #e l%&)$it'te& *%8r #e "' m$ie'te &'%, l i'-%rm(i2' 3i'("l# lm'e+% #e l%& re("r&%& 't"rle& !"e #mi'i&tre el E&t#%, prti(ipr e' l%& pr%(e&%& #el m'e+% m$ie'tl &%li(itr l& "t%ri##e& l#%p(i2' #e me#i#& te'#ie'te& l l%*r% #e e&e %$+et% #e'"'(ir eli'("mplimie't% #e l& mi&m&. E'tre l%& #e$ere&, &e (%'&i*' el #e pr%te*er,(%'&er3r me+%rr el m$ie'te $&te'er&e #e reli8r ((i%'e&" %$r& !"e l% #e*r#e'. L le &e %("p #e l p%l0ti( m$ie'tl, #e l%&i'&tr"me't%& #e e& p%l0ti(, #e l& me#i#& #e pr%te((i2' #e l& re&'t"rle&, #el imp(t% m$ie'tl, #e l& '%rm& t('i(& m$ie'tle&,

#el &i&tem pr%3i'(il #e i'-%rm(i2' m$ie'tl, #e l e#"((i2' me#i%&#e (%m"'i((i2', #e l #e-e'& m$ie'tl (%'tr ((i%'e& #el E&t#%% #e l%& prti("lre&, %t%r*'#% e' e&te 4ltim% (&% ((i2' l -e(t#%,l #e-e'&%r #el p"e$l% l& &%(i(i%'e& !"e pr%pe'#' l pr%te((i2'#el m$ie'te. Se %("p #e&p"& l le #el re("r&% *", &"el%, tm2&-er,e'er*0, -l%r, -"', re&i#"%& #el r*ime' #e (%'tr%l &'(i%'e& #mi'i&trti3&, #etermi''#% l%& pri'(ipi%& !"e re*ir' el


36/115

trtmie't% e impleme't(i2' #e l& p%l0ti(& relti3& (# mteri.Ser' 2r*'%& #e pli((i2' #e l le (# "' #e l& reprti(i%'e&

pr%3i'(ile&(%' i'("m$e'(i m$ie'tl l%& m"'i(ipi%&.G. LOS PRESUPUESTOS MÍNIMOSEl rt0("l% >1 #e l C%'&tit"(i2' '(i%'l, i'(%rp%r#% e' 1BB>,#e&p"& #e *r'ti8r t%#% )$it'te el #ere()% #e *%8r #e "' m$ie'te&'% #e imp%'er l& "t%ri##e& el #e$er #e pr%3eer &" pr%te((i2',e' &" prr-% -i'l, tm$i' i'#i( !"eJ


37/115

l #e(lr(i2' +"r# #el i'tere&#%, l ("l #etermi'r l& p"t& #elimp(t%; el &e*"'#%, &er' l& tre& (te*%r0& #e (ti3i##e& !"e, e'-"'(i2' #e &" rie&*% pre&"'t%, #e$er #etermi'r l re*lme't(i2' elter(er% (%'&i&te e' l e/i*e'(i #e pre&e't(i2' #e "' e&t"#i% #e imp(t%m$ie'tl, !"e l "t%ri## '(i%'l, pr%3i'(il % m"'i(ipl, p%#rre!"erir #e %-i(i% % peti(i2' #e ter(er%& i'tere&#%&. Se e&t$le(e, e' el

pr%e(t%, "' &i&tem #e "#ie'(i& p4$li(&, #e (r(ter -("ltti3% prl "t%ri##, (%'tr l% !"e #i&p%'e' l C%'&tit"(i2' #e l Ci"## #e7"e'%& Aire& l le ?1 #e l Pr%3i'(i #e Me'#%8, !"e )(e' e&"#ie'(i %$li*t%ri. E&te pr%e(t%, (%m% &e #3ierte, (re(e #e *e'erli## !"e &2l% (%'templ l pli((i2' #e l%& pre&"p"e&t%& m0'im%& (iert& &it"(i%'e&, empre'#imie't%& %$r& e&pe(ile& #ei'(i#e'(i &i*'i-i(ti3 e' el me#i% m$ie'te.El &e*"'#% pr%e(t% #e re*"l(i2' #e e&t%& pre&"p"e&t%&, i'*re&#%

l Prlme't%, tie'e (r(ter m& *e'erl, !"e e& (%mpre'&i3% #e t%#&l& &it"(i%'e& !"e &e pre&e'te'. E' &" -"'#me't% &e e/pre& !"e p%r pre&"p"e&t%& m0'im%& #e$e e'te'#er&e "' re-ere'(i +"r0#i( '%limit(i%'e& (ie't0-i(& % t('i(&, e&t% e&, '% e/i*e'(i& me'&"r$le&,#ee "' (riteri% -0&i(%9!"0mi(%, &i'% (te*%r0&, (%'(ept%& (riteri%&#e l('(e +"r0#i(%, #e m%#% #e *"ir l p%l0ti( le*l !"e el p0& #e$epli(r , l mi&m% tiemp%, mr(r "' #err%ter% l& "t%ri##e& l%(le&!"e te'#r' &" (r*% l #ire((i2' *e'erl #e e&%& pre&"p"e&t%& m0'im%&.E' l%& -"'#me't%& &e i'#i( !"e el &i&tem le*l 3i*e'te e'E&t#%& U'i#%& #e Amri(, e& #i&ti't% !"e l& re*"l(i%'e& m$ie'tle&-e#erle& &e=l' m0'im%& -0&i(%9!"0mi(%&, (%' 3l%r -e#erl. E&te4ltim% (riteri% 9(lrm%& '%&%tr%&9 e&, p%r %tr prte, el !"e )' &e*"i#%l& "t%ri##e& '(i%'le& e' mteri #e pr%te((i2' m$ie'tl

pr l (ti3i## mi'er, tr3& #e l& re*lme't(i%'e& pr%$#&,(%' i'ter3e'(i2' #e l& pr%3i'(i&, #%'#e &e #etermi'' (%' (riteri% -0&i(%9!"0mi(% l& #i-ere'te& p"t& % limit(i%'e& m$ie'tle&, e' mteri#e ire *".Tm$i' ) &i#% el (riteri% &e*"i#% p%r l le :F.:>, e' l% re-ere'te l (%'tmi'(i2' m$ie'tl re&pe(t% l%& *&e& #e "t%m%t%re&. E'

-%rm #i-ere'te, e' (m$i%, (%' (%'(ept% e&tri(tme'te +"r0#i(% '%t('i(%, el pr%e(t% #e re-ere'(i re*"l, tr3& #e 1 rt0("l%&, l%&#i-ere'te& tem& !"e (%'-%rm' el r*ime' le*l #e l%& pre&"p"e&t%&m0'im%&, tr3& #e -2rm"l& % pri'(ipi%& le*le&, #e (r(ter *e'erl m& $ie' #e(lrti3%, pli($le& l& #i&ti't& mteri& re*"l#&,(%'&i*''#% #i&p%&i(i%'e& &%$re re& 't"rle& pr%te*i#&, pr%3e()mie't%r(i%'l #e l%& eleme't%& 't"rle& 5*", &"el%, -l%r


38/115

-"', re("r&%& '% re'%3$le&, tm2&-er6, me#i#& #e pre3e'(i2' (%'tr%l#e &" (%'tmi'(i2' (ti3i##e& (%'&i#er#& (%m% rie&*%&&.Re*"l tm$i' l prti(ip(i2' &%(il !"e #e$er pr%m%3er l "t%ri###e pli((i2' pr l -%rm(i2' #e l p%l0ti( m$ie'tl, l& me#i#&#e (%'tr%l #e &e*"ri##, #em& #e l& &'(i%'e& #e (r(ter #mi'i&trti3% pli(r l%& i'-r(t%re&. Pre3 l '%rm &imi&m%, l#e'"'(i p%p"lr re&pe(t% l& (%'tr3e'(i%'e& l r*ime', l& !"e

p%#r e-e(t"r ("l!"ier per&%', #etermi''#% el trmite !"e #e$er#r&e l mi&m. N% (%'templ l "#ie'(i p4$li( e' l &"$&t'(i(i2'#e l& ("&&.Pr (%'(l"ir, #e$e &e=lr&e !"e e' el m$it% #e l Se(retr0 #eRe("r&%& Nt"rle& De&rr%ll% S"&te't$le #e l N(i2', -"'(i%' elC%'&e+% e#erl #el Me#i% Am$ie'te. S" mi&i2' e&e'(il e& &e&%rr l Se(retr0 e' l%& pr%$lem& m$ie'tle&, e&pe(ilme'te l%& !"e te'*'

e-e(t%& i'ter+"rii((i%'le&. E' el =% 1BB@ &e &"&(ri$i2 e'tre l N(i2', l& pr%3i'(i& l M"'i(ipli## #e 7"e'%& Aire&, el P(t%e#erl Am$ie'tl (%' el %$+et% #e pr%m%3er p%l0ti(& #e #e&rr%ll%m$ie'tl #e("#& e' t%#% el territ%ri% '(i%'l, me#i'te ("er#%&mr(%& e'tre l%& E&t#%& -e#er#%& e'tre &t%& l N(i2'. Re(%'%(eel P(t% e' el C%'&e+% e#erl #el Me#i% Am$ie'te, el i'&tr"me't%3li#% pr l (%%r#i'(i2' #e l& p%l0ti(& m$ie'tle& el G%$ier'%

N(i%'l #e&i*' l Se(retr0 #e Re("r&%& Nt"rle& pr limpleme't(i2'#e l& me#i#& #e&rr%llr pr el ("mplimie't% #el("er#%.H. LOS PERMISOS DE CONTAMINACIÓN TRANSA7LES7+% e&t -i*"r &e (%mpre'#e' l%& permi&%& #e (%'tmi'(i2' %t%r*#%&

p%r "' m%'t% t%tl (# (ti3i## (%'tmi''te, !"e p"e#e'&er tr'&#%& e' el mer(#%, me#i'te m%#li##e& #i3er&&, -3%r #eotra (ti3i## (%'tmi''te p%r l prte !"e '% e/(e# l%& 'i3ele& m/im%&#e emi&i2' "t%ri8#%&. Se e&tim"l (%' ell% l%& emi&%re& re#"(ir &"& pr%pi& emi&i%'e& (%mpe'&r (%' l 3e't #e l%& &l#%& #i&p%'i$le&l%& (%&t%& !"e repre&e't' l impl't(i2' #e l& me#i#& pr

m'te'er l%& e&t'#re& )&t l%& m/im%& permiti#%&. Se (re, #e e&tem%#%, "' mer(#% #e (%mpete'(i #%'#e &e tr'&' l%& permi&%& lme+%r pre(i% !"e e&t #i&p"e&t% p*r el emi&%r.De e&te m%#% l%& emi&%re& (%mprr' l%& (%&t%& #e l& me#i#& #%ptr pr re#"(ir l& emi&i%'e&, (%' el pre(i% #e l%& permi&%& e' elmer(#% el re&"lt#% #etermi'r l (%'3e'ie'(i #e re#"(ir l& pr%pi&-"e'te& emi&%r& % #!"irir l%& &l#%& #i&p%'i$le& #e %tr%& permi&%&,


39/115

(%' mr*e'e& 3('te&.E' l*"'%& p0&e&, (%m% E&t#%& U'i#%&, e/i&te' '%rm& !"e permite'"tili8r el e/(e&% #e re#"((i2' #e l& emi&i%'e& permiti#&, %$te'ie'#%"' (r#it% #e emi&i2' !"e &e tr'& e' el mer(#% #e emi&%re&,

pre(i%& #e (%'3e'ie'(i.I. EL DELITO ECOLÓGICOSe ) &e=l#% l p%( #i&p%&i(i2' !"e ) te'i#% el E&t#% pr &'(i%'r l%& #elit%& e(%l2*i(%&, e& #e(ir, l%& reli8#%& (%'tr el me#i%m$ie'te, l%& ("le& p%r -i*"rr reprimi#%& p%r l& lee& e&pe(ile& '%

p%rtel C2#i*% Pe'l, e'tr' e' l (te*%r0 #e l%& #elit%& me'%re& % #el& i'-r((i%'e& -(ilme'te re#imi$le&.E' m"()%& (&%&, p%r %tr prte, l &'(i2' !"e &e imp%'e tie'e m&e' ("e't l i'te'(i2' (rimi'l #e l per&%', !"e l mi&m *r3e###el (t%, l% ("l '% pre(e (%m% (ept$le. Se 'li8 el #%l% % ("lp #el

*e'te, m& !"e el #=% %(&i%'#% l e't%r'%.El #elit% e(%l2*i(% &"p%'e l i'e/i&te'(i #e "' pl8% pre&(ripti3%,mie'tr& '% ) (e&#% l (ti3i## il0(it. E' l& lee& pe'le& #elm"'#% -i*"r' (te*%ri8#%& pre-ere'teme'te (%m%


40/115

&iempre #e pli((i2' m" re&tri(ti3 &2l% l%& (&%& e/pre&me'te(%'templ#%&, ##%& l%& repr%& !"e impli( l i'terpret(i2' e/te'&i3#e t%# le pe'l.P%r %tr prte, !"e# e&t$le(i#% !"e l& per&%'& +"r0#i(& '%

p"e#e' #eli'!"ir. E' (%'&e("e'(i, l& &'(i%'e& p%r l%& #elit%& e(%l2*i(%&% m$ie'tle&, ("'#% re3i&te' el (r(ter #e &'(i%'e& (rimi'le&, &e pli(' &%(ie##e&, #e$e' re(er &%$re l%& #ire(t%re& %#mi'i&tr#%re& !"e l repre&e't', l%& ("le& &%' (%'&i#er#%& re&p%'&$le&#ire(t%& #el (t%. Ell% &i' per+"i(i% #e !"e l& &'(i%'e& #etip% #mi'i&trti3% p"e#' re(er &%$re l per&%' +"r0#i(, l ("l

p%#r &er %$+et% #e per(i$imie't%, m"lt&, &"&pe'&i2' % ('(el(i2'e' l%& re*i&tr%&, (l"&"r #el e&t$le(imie't% " %tr& pe'li##e& #e lmi&m (l&e. Aprte #e ell%, l per&%' +"r0#i( re&p%'#er (i3ilme'te

p%r l%& #=%& %(&i%'#%&. E' e&te &e'ti#% &e pr%'"'(i' l& lee&

:>.F?1 #e Re&i#"%& Peli*r%&%& :>.?? #e Pr%te((i2' Am$ie'tl prl A(ti3i## Mi'er, i'(%rp%r# e&t 4ltim l C2#i*% #e Mi'er0.Re&"lt, e't%'(e&, (%'3e'ie'te !"e el le*i&l#%r t%me '%t #e l%& 3(0%&e/i&te'te& p%'* e' 3i*e'(i '%rm& !"e &e*"re' "' pr%te((i2'e-i(8 &e*"r l%& #ere()%& m$ie'tle&, !"e e' l (t"li## '% e/i&te',(%' el l('(e ri*%r 'e(e&ri%&.?. LOS RESIDUOS PELIGROSOS. LA LEY :>.F?1 Y SU DECRETOREGLAMENTARIO. LA LEGISLACIÓN PROVINCIALA. CONCEPTOS GENERALESEl (%'tr%l elimi'(i2' #e l%& re&i#"%& t2/i(%& peli*r%&%&, !"e (##0 &e pr%#"(e' e' e&(l (re(ie'te e' l%& p0&e& (%' m%r *r#% #e#e&rr%ll% #e l (ti3i## e(%'2mi(, (%'&tit"e "' pre%("p(i2' m&% me'%& re(ie'te e' l& &%(ie##e& m%#er'&. P"e#e #e(ir&e !"e l& primer&lee& !"e &e %("p' #e ell%&, pr re*lr &" *e'er(i2', "&%,tr'&p%rte, lm(e'mie't% #i&p%&i(i2' -i'l, pe'& tie'e' "' 'ti*e###e tre& #(#&, "'!"e l%& (2#i*%& pe'le& #e l%& p0&e& )(0're-ere'(i l%& mi&m%&, (li-i('#%l%& (%m% "' -i*"r #eli(t"l,("'#% &e %(&i%'$' #=%& me#i'te el "&% #e &"&t'(i& 3e'e'%&&% (%rr%&i3&, el emple% #e &"&t'(i& i'-m'te&, &-i/i'te& % t2/i(& %

mteri& (p(e& #e li$err e'er*0 '"(ler, &i $ie' e' e&t%& (&%& &e trt$#el "&% #e l mteri prim %r#i'ri pr l& m'"-(t"r& '%#e l%& re&i#"%& re&"lt'te&, "'!"e tmp%(% e&t%& 4ltim%& !"e#$' e/(l"i#%&(%m% e3e't"le& *e'te& #el #=%.E/i&te' #i&ti't& (l&e& #e re&i#"%& (" pre&e'(i p"e#e &er peli*r%&

pr l &l"# )"m'J l%& #%mi(iliri%&, l%& i'#"&trile& l%& pt%*'i(%&. L%& re&i#"%& r#i%(ti3%& p"e#e' (%'&i#err&e #e'tr% #e


41/115

l (te*%r0 #e re&i#"%& i'#"&trile&, "'!"e &" *r#% #e peli*r%&i## p"e#e &er m%r, l% !"e +"&ti-i( el e&t$le(imie't% #e "' (te*%r0 e&pe(il,(%' "' re*"l(i2' "t%ri## #e pli((i2' #i-ere'te& l re&t%#e l%& re&i#"%& peli*r%&%&. L% mi&m% %("rre (%' l%& llm#%& re&i#"%&#%mi(iliri%&.

Ni e/i&te "' #e-i'i(i2' "'i3er&lme'te (ept# &%$re l%& re&i#"%& peli*r%&%&. L 3&te## *e'erli## #e &"& trmi'%& )r0', #e&er #%pt#, &" pli((i2' )rt% #i-0(il. Al*"'%& i#e'ti-i(' el (%'(ept%#e re&i#"%&, e' *e'erl, (%m% !"ell%& !"e, p%r (re(er #e 3l%r

pr l per&%' !"e l%& *e'er, &%' $'#%'#%& % #e&e()#%& p%r &t. Per% '% t%#%& l%& re&i#"%& &%' peli*r%&%&, !"e l*"'%& &2l%%(&i%'' m%le&ti& % -e' el pi&+e '% &%' '%(i3%& l &l"# )"m'.L (li-i((i2' #e '%(i3i##, p%r l% t't%, e& e&e'(il pr e'(%'trr&e(%mpre'#i#% e' l& #i&p%&i(i%'e& #e l le. L (r(ter0&ti(

#e !"e el re&i#"% ) &i#% $'#%'#% p%r &" #"e=%, tmp%(% (%'&tit"e"' e/i*e'(i, "'!"e p"e#e &er pe'li8# p%r %tr& r8%'e&#e peli*r%&i##, i'(%m%#i## % e&tti(&. A"' ("'#% &e e'("e'tre

$+% el (%'tr%l #el pr%pietri% -%rme prte #e &"& i'&"m%& i'#"&trile&,el re&i#"% !"e# tm$i' &"+et% l '%rm le*l, e' r82' #e &"

peli*r%&i##. P%r l% t't%, m& !"e "' le #e re&i#"%& peli*r%&%&, lle :>.F?1, (%m% l& #e %tr%& p0&e&, (%mpre'#e t%# (l&e #e mteri&% &"&t'(i& peli*r%&&, &e &" #e&ti'% -i'l (%m% re&i#"%, % (%m%i'&"m% (%rrie'te #e %tr%& pr%(e&%& i'#"&trile&. E' "'% %tr% (&%,l le le e& pli($le.L le :>.F?1, #e-i'e e' &" rt0("l% : (%m% peli*r%&%


42/115

tetr*e'i(i##, i'-e((i%&i##, (r(i'%*e'%(i##, m"t*e'i(i## r#i(ti3i##.7. REGISTRO DE GENERADORES Y OPERADORES.EL CERTIICADO AM7IENTAL Y EL MANIIESTOL%& re&i#"%& peli*r%&%& !"e#' &%meti#%& l& '%rm& #e (%'tr%l &e*"imie't% !"e e&t$le(e l le, e' l& #i&ti't& etp&

lecciones de derecho agrario catalano

Documents